Final

Question 1

Population density

Answer 1

relationship between # of inhabitants and the area they occupy

Question 2

crude/arithmetic density

Answer 2

of ppl per unit area of land usually w/ some political division

Question 3

Physiological density

Answer 3

of ppl per unit of agricultural land

Question 4

Antinatalist Policies

Answer 4

designed to decrease fertility (ex: one child policy in China)

Question 5

Pronatalist Policies

Answer 5

designed to increase fertility (to balance pop. age structure)

Question 6

gov. cares about…

Answer 6

mortality, fertility, migration

Question 7

Sovereignty

Answer 7

claim to ultimate authority over a political community

Question 8

gerrymandering

Answer 8

manipulation of electoral boundaries to favor one group over another

Question 9

cracking

Answer 9

a particular population is broken up and distributed across multiple electoral districts to dilute their voting power

Question 10

packing

Answer 10

particular population packed into a single district to maximize their voting power

Question 11

Acculturation

Answer 11

process by which one group undergoes major modification by adopting many characteristics of another culture group while keeping their own

Question 12

internal migration

Answer 12

in/out migration WITHIN a country

Question 13

reluctant migration

Answer 13

decision is less than fully voluntary (refugees)

Question 14

urbanization

Answer 14

ppl more likely to move from rural to urban areas

Question 15

effects of migration

Answer 15

population redistribution and cultural change

Question 16

ethnic enclaves

Answer 16

area w/ high concentration of ppl from the same ethnicity

Question 17

brain drain

Answer 17

best educated ppl migrate OUT of the poorest countries

Question 18

Remittances

Answer 18

cash payments sent by those who have migrated to family back home

Question 19

Step migration

Answer 19

long-distance relocation
taken in stages

Question 20

Chain migration

Answer 20

Migration from a common origin to
a specific destination

Question 21

barriers to migration

Answer 21

physical, economic, cultural, political (immigration restrictions)

Question 22

speech community

Answer 22

ppl who speak a common language

Question 23

Socialization

Answer 23

teaching culture to younger
generations.

Question 24

cultural landscape

Answer 24

earth’s surface modified by human action

Question 25

Environmental Determinism

Answer 25

the idea that the physical environment shapes human activities and culture (OUTDATED)

Question 26

Spatial Diffusion

Answer 26

process by which a concept, a practice, an innovation or a substance spreads to new places from its origin

Question 27

Amalgamation theory

Answer 27

when two different cultures combine, they create a new, unique culture.

Question 28

Supranationalism

Answer 28

association of three or more states created for mutual benefit and to achieve shared objectives (so countries can guarantee their own security and prosperity) EX: European Union

Question 29

Ethnicity

Answer 29

ancestry of people who share common characteristics such as language, religion, national origin (evidence of cultural diversity)

Question 30

Universalizing religions

Answer 30

faiths that claim applicability to all persons and seek to spread through missionary work, expansionary (christianity)

Question 31

Ethnic religions

Answer 31

commonly spread through migration and cultural exchange, rather than religious conversion (Hindu)

Question 32

Secularism

Answer 32

indifference to, or rejection of, religion and religious beliefs

Question 33

Endemic

Answer 33

disease that remains in the population at low levels

Question 34

Epidemic

Answer 34

sudden outbreak in the number of cases of a disease above normal levels (can turn into a PANdemic: spreads globally)

Question 35

Distance decay

Answer 35

incidence tends to be higher near disease source

Question 36

subsistence economy

Answer 36

goods and services are primarily created for the use of the producers

Question 37

market (commercial) economies

Answer 37

(dominant in nearly all parts of the world) producers or their agents freely market their goods and services (supply & demand)

Question 38

Planned economies

Answer 38

goods and services controlled by government

Question 39

Transition economies

Answer 39

planned economy --> market-based

Question 40

The Green Revolution

Answer 40

set of research and technologies aimed at increasing agricultural production

Question 41

Outsourcing

Answer 41

A company hires another company to do work for them instead of doing it themselves

Question 42

offshoring

Answer 42

either hiring people in other countries / moving in-house operations overseas.

Question 43

Absolute Poverty

Answer 43

a person does not have the minimum requirements for basic living

Question 44

Relative Poverty

Answer 44

a person lacks resources compared with others in their society

Question 45

Gini Coefficient

Answer 45

measure inequality within a society

Question 46

Primate Cities

Answer 46

One city that dominates the urban system (population, size, influence)

Question 47

world city

Answer 47

A city that serves as a major center for international finance, trade, diplomacy, and culture, with significant global reach (NYC)

Question 48

Central Place Theory

Answer 48

cities = central markets