final

Question 1

people, poverty, power model

Answer 1

demonstrates that violence involves more than individual behaviour
- central to the 3P Model is trauma, indicating that trauma is also central to violence
- poverty is central to experiences of community violence

Question 2

4 pillars of harm reduction

Answer 2

1- harm reduction
- education, secondary prevention, CD
2- prevention
3- treatment
4- enforcement

Question 3

vaccine-preventable diseases
– STIs

Answer 3

infections that are spread through sexual practices with an infected person

Question 4

vaccine-preventable diseases
– blood-borne

Answer 4

carried and transmitted by blood

Question 5

vaccine-preventable diseases
– zoonotic infections

Answer 5

are diseases transmissible between animals and humans; however, they do not need humans to maintain their life cycle

Question 6

vaccine-preventable diseases
– vector-borne

Answer 6

caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that living creatures carry and pass on to other living creatures

Question 7

vaccine-preventable diseases
– enteric infections

Answer 7

infections that enter the body through the mouth and intestinal tract

Question 8

vaccine-preventable diseases
– food-borne

Answer 8

acquired through the consumption of contaminated food

Question 9

vaccine-preventable diseases
– water-borne pathogens

Answer 9

enter water supplies through fecal contamination from animals or humans to cause enteric illnesses

Question 10

vaccine-preventable diseases
– respiratory infections

Answer 10

freq. caused by viruses
- but the cause of acute respiratory infections are unknown in a large percentage of cases

Question 11

vaccine-preventable diseases
– healthcare associated infections

Answer 11

acquired as a result of being admitted to or attending a healthcare facility where exposure can take place

Question 12

epidemiological triangle

Answer 12

agent/pathogen
host
environment

Question 13

primordial prevention

Answer 13

remove risk factors
- healthy policy

Question 14

primary prevention

Answer 14

prevent disease from occurring
- immunizations

Question 15

secondary prevention

Answer 15

screening
- detection, dx, tx

Question 16

tertiary prevention

Answer 16

reduce severity and minimize complications

Question 17

quaternary prevention

Answer 17

population-level
prevent over-medicalization
- antibiotic resistance

Question 18

case definition, contact, tracing

Answer 18

definition [index case]
contact
- sx, time, place of exposure
tracing
- mode of transmission

Question 19

role of CHN
– referral, follow-up & case management

Answer 19

connect pt to necessary resources to prevent or resolve problems or concerns
assesses outcomes related to the utilization of the resources
Case management is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation, and advocacy for options and services to meet client needs.

Identify vulnerable hosts
Monitor therapy (long term)
Administration

Question 20

active immunity

Answer 20

natural immune or via vaccinations

Question 21

passive immunity

Answer 21

via breastfeeding

Question 22

triple threat

Answer 22

• natural disasters
• man-made
• epidemics/ pandemics

Question 23

degree of hazard

Answer 23

1- nature of agent involved
2- intensity of the exposure
3- duration of exposure

Question 24

disaster management

Answer 24

prevention
mitigation
preparedness
response
recovery

Question 25

CHN’s Role: Disaster Preparedness

Answer 25

1- review the community’s disaster history 2- consider how past disasters have affected health care delivery 3- understand how particular organizations fit into the disaster plan 4- educate community members about disaster preparedness 5- help initiate or update disaster plans 6- organize disaster drills 7- provide updated records of vulnerable populations within a community. 8- triage: initial (response phase) & ongoing (recovery phase) assessments, surveillance 9- shelter management (HP, prevention, support)

Question 26

epidemiology

Answer 26

the study of the occurrence and distribution of health-related states or events in specific populations, including the study of the DoH influencing such states

Question 27

epidemiology process

Answer 27

the link between the agent and the environmeny -ex. airbourne

Question 28

outbreak

Answer 28

- can be as low as one case - sudden occurrence

Question 29

epidemic

Answer 29

- occurrence of illness/ disease in excess ex: - opioid crisis - suicides - measles

Question 30

endemic

Answer 30

a disease occurring regularly within a geographic region ex. lice

Question 31

pandemic

Answer 31

a disease affecting large portions of the population throughout the world

Question 32

Epidemiological Research Methods

Answer 32

descriptive - the person-place-time model (who, when, where) analytical - how and why

Question 33

association vs causation

Answer 33

association: occurs when there is reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a stressor or environmental factor and a disease or health challenge causation: an association that has been confirmed and there is a definite, statistical, cause-and-effect relationship between a particular stimulus and occurrence of a disease

Question 34

web of causation

Answer 34

relationship among indirect influences of a given health challenge

Question 35

sensitivity vs specificity

Answer 35

sensitivity is the ability to test those with a disease and get a + specificity is the extent to which a test can identify those without the disease (false +)

Question 36

mortality

Answer 36

death rates

Question 37

survival

Answer 37

prognosis rates - describe the effect of a given disease and can be used to compare the efficacy of various tx

Question 38

morbidity

Answer 38

illness rates

Question 39

prevalence and incidence

Answer 39

commonly used to describe morbidity on a population

Question 40

prevalence def.

Answer 40

the number of all cases of a specific disease in a pop at any one given point in time/relative to the pop at risk

Question 41

incidence def

Answer 41

identification of new cases of disease in a pop over time (usually 1 year) /relative to the pop at risk

Question 42

incidence rate

Answer 42

of new cases of the disease in a given time period

Question 43

prevalence rate

Answer 43

total # of people who have a disease at one given point in time

Question 44

reportable diseases

Answer 44

by law required to be reported ex: - TB, STIs, AIDS