1
Q
Chapter 1
Government is best defined as the
a) institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled.
b) set of political principles and values that guide political life.
c) means by which wealth is redistributed.
d) invisible hand that turns private interests into public goods
A
a) institutions and procedures by which a territory and its people are ruled
2
Q
Chapter 1
A government that is formally limited by laws and rules is called
a) democratic.
b) constitutional.
c) oligarchic.
d) totalitarian.
A
b) constitutional.
3
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following describes a system of rule that permits citizens to play a significant part in the governmental process, usually through the election of key public officials?
a) dictatorship
b) autocracy
c) democracy
e) oligarch
A
c) democracy
4
Q
Chapter 1
Having some share or say in the composition of a government’s leadership, how it is organized, or what its policies are going to be is called
a) government.
b) political power.
c) autocracy.
d) federalism.
A
b) political power.
5
Q
Chapter 1
Direct democracy is best defined as
a) the system of government run by one person.
b) a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies.
c) the competition between interest groups for governmental power.
d) a system that allows citizens to elect representatives who play a significant role in governmental decision-making.
A
b) a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies.
6
Q
Chapter 1
A representative democracy (also known as a republic) is a system of government that
a) allows citizens to vote directly on laws and policies.
b) allows citizens to make, veto, or judge statutes personally.
c) gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect top government officials.
d) gives citizens the ability to debate important constitutional decisions.
A
c) gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect top government officials.
7
Q
Chapter 1
Politics can be defined as
a) conflicts over the leadership, structure, and policies of government.
b) the informal, private organizations through which a land and its people are ruled.
c) a hierarchically structured organization that is designed to distribute labor among several different groups of people.
c) a line-and-staff organization that is designed to facilitate control over complex social arrangements.
A
a) conflicts over the leadership, structure, and policies of government.
8
Q
Chapter 1
American civil liberties and rights, such as freedom of speech, worship, and trial by jury are listed primarily in
a) the Declaration of Independence.
b) the Constitution’s Bill of Rights.
c) the Pledge of Allegiance.
d) the Federalist Papers.
A
b) the Constitution’s Bill of Rights.
9
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following refers to information about the formal institutions of government, political actors, and political issues?
a) political culture
b) political knowledge
c) political justice
d) political efficacy
A
b) political knowledge
10
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following refers to impartial decision-making in which people are treated equally and in a way that is free from discrimination?
a) social justice
b) liberty
c) equality of results
d) fairness
A
d) fairness
11
Q
Chapter 1
The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to
a) the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
b) World War II.
c) the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression.
d) the stock market boom of 1929 and the economic expansion of the Roaring Twenties.
A
c) the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression.
12
Q
Chapter 1
Overall, Americans’ trust in their government has __________ since the 1960s.
a) remained stable
b) increased sharply
c) declined sharply
d) completely dissolved
A
c) declined sharply
13
Q
Chapter 1
The concept of “fairness” is closely related to which two of the core values of America’s political culture?
a) democracy and representation
b) equality and justice
c) equality and liberty
d) justice and liberty
A
b) equality and justice
14
Q
Chapter 1
At the heart of the concept of pluralism is the struggle among different
a) political parties.
b) ideologies.
c) interest groups.
d) legal defendants.
A
c) interest groups.
15
Q
Chapter 1
The concept of laissez-faire capitalism is most closely associated with which American core political value?
a) democracy
b) equality
c) justice
d) liberty
A
d) liberty
16
Q
Chapter 1
The idea that groups and organized interests will compete to gain influence with government officials in a democracy is known as
a) pluralism.
b) popular sovereignty.
c) representative democracy.
d) direct democracy.
A
a) pluralism.
17
Q
Chapter 1
What was one of the major concern that Founders like James Madison expressed about direct democracy?
a) They feared the majority would trample the rights of the minority.
b) They had a fear of minority rights.
c) They worried that it would produce equality of results rather than equality of opportunities.
d) They feared that it would promote economic inequality.
A
a) They feared the majority would trample the rights of the minority.
18
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following comes closest to describing the political system favored by the American Founders?
a) A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be extended to all citizens.
b) A system of direct democracy in which the right to vote on laws would be limited to the middle and upper classes.
c) A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be limited to the middle and upper classes.
d) A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be extended to all citizens.
A
c) A system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be limited to the middle and upper classes.
19
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following describes a principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people?
a) direct democracy
b) pluralism
c) political culture
d) popular sovereignty
A
d) popular sovereignty
20
Q
Chapter 1
The belief that citizens can affect what government does is best referred to as political
a) efficacy.
b) culture.
c) knowledge.
d) culture.
A
a) efficacy.
21
Q
Chapter 1
A set of broadly shared values, beliefs, and attitudes about how government should function is known as
a) political equality.
b) political culture.
c) political knowledge.
d) political power.
A
b) political culture.
22
Q
Chapter 1
Which of the following statements regarding liberty is true?
a) The Founders were unconcerned about the threat of a strong government on individual liberties, yet were concerned about how to promote social justice.
b) Equality is part of the Bill of Rights, but liberty is not.
c) Liberty means both personal freedom and economic freedom.
d) Liberty has contracted over time, with far fewer rights afforded to the press, political speech, and individual behavior than in the nation’s early years.
A
c) Liberty means both personal freedom and economic freedom.
23
Q
Chapter 1
Which term refers to the right to participate in politics equally, based on the principle of “one person, one vote”?
a) police power
b) political culture
c) political equality
d) political knowledge
A
c) political equality
24
Q
Chapter 1
__________ are the four core values in American politics.
a) Liberty, democracy, equality, and justice
b) Democracy, constitutionalism, patriotism, and the rule of law
c) Equality, oligarchy, capitalism, and free enterprise
d) Life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness
A
a) Liberty, democracy, equality, and justice
25
Chapter 1
The presence of strong civil liberties protections in the Bill of Rights and the use of the filibuster in the Senate (which allows an individual senator significant power) are examples of the American concern for protecting
a) majority rule.
b) direct democracy.
c) oligarchy.
d) minority rights.
d) minority rights.
26
Chapter 3
The ________ clause in the U.S. Constitution affirms that national laws and treaties are “the supreme Law of the Land.”
a) full faith and credit
b) necessary and proper
c) supremacy
d) establishment
c) supremacy
27
Chapter 3
Federalism is best defined as a system of government in which
a) lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government.
b) power is divided between a central government and regional governments.
c) the national government is funded through direct taxation of local governments.
d) authority is divided into separate branches and each individual branch is given some power over the other branches.
b) power is divided between a central government and regional governments.
28
Chapter 3
The specific powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution are called the ________ powers.
a) implied
b) expressed
c) sovereign
d) executive
b) expressed
29
Chapter 3
Which country was first to adopt federalism as its governing framework?
a) Brazil
b) Germany
c) Japan
d) United States
d) United States
30
Chapter 3
The power of Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes is found in ________ of the U.S. Constitution.
a) Article I
b) the Preamble
c) the First Amendment
d) the Tenth Amendment
a) Article I
31
Chapter 3
Which of the following events was most influential in triggering the rise of a more active national government?
a) the War of 1812
b) the Civil War
c) the Great Depression
d) the Great Recession
c) the Great Depression
32
Chapter 3
Which president introduced and presided over the New Deal?
a) Herbert Hoover
b) Franklin Roosevelt
c) Dwight Eisenhower
d) Lyndon Johnson
b) Franklin Roosevelt
33
Chapter 3
In the wake of the Dobbs ruling in 2022,
a) many states have made it easier to obtain an abortion.
b) many states have made it harder to obtain an abortion.
c) the federal government has reasserted national control over abortion policy.
d) local governments have reasserted control over abortion policy.
b) many states have made it harder to obtain an abortion.
34
Chapter 3
The processes by which local, state, and federal governments negotiate and compromise over policy responsibilities is called
a) internal affairs.
b) international relations.
c) intergovernmental relations.
d) intragovernmental negotiations.
c) intergovernmental relations.
35
Chapter 3
The inclusion of the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was most strongly supported by the
a) Federalists.
b) Antifederalists.
c) Whigs.
d) Progressives.
b) Antifederalists.
36
Chapter 3
A state government’s authority to regulate the safety, health, and morals of its citizens is called a(n) ________ power.
a) police
b) reserved
c) concurrent
d) implied
a) police
37
Chapter 3
The Supreme Court’s decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it
a) allowed state governments to limit marriage to one man and one woman.
b) struck down state laws that made sodomy a crime.
c) required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex.
d) declared the full faith and credit clause unconstitutional.
c) required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex.
38
Chapter 3
The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires the
a) federal government to accept a state’s outstanding debt at the time of ratification.
b) states to honor each other’s public acts and legal decisions.
c) states, but not the federal government, to run a balanced budget.
d) federal government, but not the states, to run a balanced budget.
b) states to honor each other’s public acts and legal decisions.
39
Chapter 3
Which amendment most recognizes that states have a strong role in the American federal republic?
a) First
b) Seventh
c) Tenth
d) Fourteenth
c) Tenth
40
Chapter 3
The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is also referred to as the ________ clause.
a) federalism
b) vesting
c) comity
d) dual sovereignty
c) comity
41
Chapter 3
The purpose of the Tenth Amendment is to
a) ensure that each state constitution offers the same number of individual rights provided by the federal Constitution.
b) limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people.
c) grant citizens of each state access to the federal court system.
d) protect freedom of speech.
b) limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the people.
42
Chapter 3
State laws banning interracial marriage were struck down as unconstitutional in which Supreme Court case?
a) Loving v. Virginia
b) United States v. Windsor
c) Obergefell v. Hodges
d) Sweeney v. Woodall
a) Loving v. Virginia
43
Chapter 3
Which clause is the source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution?
a) full faith and credit
b) comity
c) necessary and proper
d) commerce
c) necessary and proper
44
Chapter 3
The main function of the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV is that it
a) prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.
b) compels each state to recognize the laws of other states.
c) requires all states to provide a uniform standard of benefits and entitlement.
d) prevents states from coining their own money.
a) prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.
45
Chapter 3
What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)?
a) It developed the concept of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to determine which laws were constitutional.
b) The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.
c) It established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.
d) It determined that the forced relocation of the Five Civilized Tribes to Oklahoma was unconstitutional.
c) It established the supremacy of the national government in all matters affecting interstate commerce.
46
Chapter 3
What was the overall importance of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
a) The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.
b) The Court gave a restricted definition of Congress’s delegated and implied powers, setting the stage for more limited interpretations of this power in the future.
c) The Court interpreted the commerce clause comprehensively, although it was still limited to matters of interstate commerce.
d) The Court declared that the National Bank was unconstitutional.
a) The Court allowed Congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers.
47
Chapter 3
Article IV of the Constitution details the
a) obligations that states have to one another.
b) expressed powers given to Congress.
c) relationship between federal and state laws.
d) powers reserved to the states and the people.
a) obligations that states have to one another.
48
Chapter 3
Why was United States v. Lopez (1995) important?
a) The Court gave a broad interpretation of the commerce clause that expanded the power of the federal government over the states.
b) It was the first time that the Court had used the Tenth Amendment to limit the power of Congress.
c) The Court found the line-item veto unconstitutional.
d) It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause.
d) It was the first time since the New Deal that the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress as outlined under the commerce clause.
49
Chapter 3
In a federal system, governmental responsibilities are
a) under the complete authority of the federal government.
b) under the complete authority of state governments.
c) shared by both state and local governments.
d) shared by both state and federal governments.
d) shared by both state and federal governments.
50
Chapter 3
The principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government is referred to as
a) states’ rights.
b) preemption.
c) stare decisis.
d) caveat emptor.
a) states’ rights.
51
Chapter 2
The three branches of government created by the Constitution are
A) constitutional, elected, and appointed.
B) executive, legislative, and judicial.
C) federal, state, and local.
D) military, courts, and bureaucracy.
B) executive, legislative, and judicial.
52
Chapter 2
Federal judges are appointed by the ________ and must be approved by the ________.
A) House of Representatives; Supreme Court
B) Supreme Court; House of Representatives
C) Senate; president
D) president; Senate
D) president; Senate
53
Chapter 2
The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also called
A) the Federalist Papers.
B) the Great Compromise.
C) the Bill of Rights.
D) the Confederation.
C) the Bill of Rights.
54
Chapter 2
What does the Supremacy Clause assert?
A) Congress is the most powerful branch of the government.
B) The Constitution is superior to any state laws.
C) State laws are superior to any federal laws.
D) No European powers shall interfere in North America.
B) The Constitution is superior to any state laws.
55
Chapter 2
__________ refers to oppressive government that employs cruel and unjust use of power and authority.
A) Tyranny
B) Government
C) Federalism
D) Antifederalism
A) Tyranny
56
Chapter 2
Which of the following statements best describes British rule of the American colonies during the first half of the eighteenth century?
A) The British ruled with a heavy hand and exerted a strong influence in every colonial town and city.
B) The British ruled with a heavy hand in small towns but exerted no influence at all in the largest cities.
C) The British ruled with a light hand and exerted a strong influence only in the largest colonial cities.
D) The British ruled with a light hand and exerted almost no influence at all in any colonial town or city.
C) The British ruled with a light hand and exerted a strong influence only in the largest colonial cities.
57
Chapter 2
The concept that individuals have a right to overthrow a government they believe to be unjust or tyrannical is most consistent with the view of which European Enlightenment political philosopher?
A) Aristotle
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) John Locke
D) Baron de Montesquieu
C) John Locke
58
Chapter 2
Why did the British government impose taxes on the American colonies?
A) to compensate for establishing American representatives in the British Parliament
B) to punish colonists for their part in the slave trade
C) to help pay British debts and to ease other financial problems
D) to punish the colonists for agitating for independence
C) to help pay British debts and to ease other financial problems
59
Chapter 2
Which European Enlightenment political philosopher is most closely associated with the idea that monarchs who rule a country derive their authority from a contract with the people rather than from divine right?
A) Aristotle
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) Baron de Montesquieu
B) Thomas Hobbes
60
Chapter 2
Which European Enlightenment political philosopher is most closely associated with the idea of separation of powers between different branches, with some overlapping powers among them?
A) Aristotle
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) John Locke
D) Baron de Montesquieu
D) Baron de Montesquieu
61
Chapter 2
Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable political statement for its time?
A) It convinced southern states to abolish slavery.
B) It persuaded the British government to give back all the tax revenue it had collected from the colonies.
C) It ended the Revolutionary War by offering a compromise with the British government.
D) It helped unify diverse colonial groups by identifying shared problems, grievances, and principles.
D) It helped unify diverse colonial groups by identifying shared problems, grievances, and principles.
62
Chapter 2
What was the agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that stipulated that for apportionment of congressional seats, only a portion of enslaved people would be counted?
A) the Three-Fifths Compromise
B) the Great Compromise
C) the Confederation Compromise
D) the New Jersey Plan
A) the Three-Fifths Compromise
63
Chapter 2
The Virginia Plan proposed a system of representation in the national legislature that was based on
A) equal representation between the states
B) the concept of universal suffrage
C) the population of each state, the proportion of each state's revenue contribution, or both
D) the strength of each state's militia
C) the population of each state, the proportion of each state's revenue contribution, or both
64
Chapter 2
Which state proposed representation in the national legislature based on population?
A) Rhode Island
B) Delaware
C) Virginia
D) New Jersey
C) Virginia
65
Chapter 2
The agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of its population but linked representation in the House of Representatives to population is known as the
A) New Jersey Plan.
B) Great Compromise.
C) Virginia Plan.
D) Three-Fifths Compromise.
B) Great Compromise.
66
Chapter 2
Under the Articles of Confederation, the United States had a __________ legislature. Under the Constitution, the United States had a __________ legislature.
A) bicameral; bicameral
B) bicameral; unicameral
C) unicameral; bicameral
D) unicameral; unicameral
C) unicameral; bicameral
67
Chapter 2
__________ is the mechanism through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches.
A) Checks and balances
B) Limited government
C) Separation of powers
D) Bicameral
A) Checks and balances
68
Chapter 2
Many of the most important powers that the legislative branch possesses are __________ powers, whereas executive branch powers are often __________.
A) expressed; implied
B) implied; expressed
C) inherent; reserved
D) reserved; inherent
A) expressed; implied
69
Chapter 2
Judicial review is the power of
A) the courts to decide on the constitutionality of actions taken by the other branches.
B) Congress to review the decisions of the federal courts.
C) the states to review the constitutionality of federal actions and laws.
D) the courts to review and edit pieces of legislation before they are voted on in Congress.
A) the courts to decide on the constitutionality of actions taken by the other branches.
70
Chapter 2
The judicial branch's power of judicial review comes from
A) Article I of the Constitution.
B) Article III of the Constitution.
C) the Judiciary Act of 1789.
D) the decision in Marbury v. Madison.
D) the decision in Marbury v. Madison.
71
Chapter 2
The framers employed the separation of powers and federalism in order to
A) prevent the new government from abusing its power.
B) end the slave trade.
C) create a replica of the British political system.
D) promote economic equality among all citizens.
A) prevent the new government from abusing its power.
72
Chapter 2
The __________ is the concluding paragraph of Article I Section VIII of the Constitution — also known as the Necessary and Proper Clause — which provides Congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated power.
A) Elastic Clause
B) Supremacy Clause
C) Due Process Clause
D) Fair Protection Clause
A) Elastic Clause
73
Chapter 2
What are the Federalist Papers?
A) a series of essays that argued against the ratification of the Constitution.
B) a series of essays that argued for the ratification of the Constitution.
C) a series of pamphlets written by Thomas Paine in 1775 and 1776 advocating independence from Great Britain.
D) the collected essays of French political philosopher Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu that argued for the separation of powers.
B) a series of essays that argued for the ratification of the Constitution.
74
Chapter 2
Who were the authors of the Federalist Papers?
A) James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
B) John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson
C) Charles Beard, Daniel Shays, and Paul Revere
D) James Madison, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson
A) James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton
75
Chapter 2
As outlined in the Declaration of Independence, the conception of the relationship between the government and the people is closest to the views espoused by which Enlightenment thinker?
A) Baron de Montesquieu
B) John Locke
C) Karl Marx
D) Thomas Hobbes
B) John Locke
76
Chapter 4
_______ are aspects of personal freedom constitutionally protected from government interference.
a) Civil rights
b) Political rights
c) Electoral rights
d) Civil liberties
d) Civil liberties
77
Chapter 4
The _______ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual’s right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.
a) establishment
b) free association
c) free exercise
d) religious freedom restoration
c) free exercise
78
Chapter 4
The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with
a) the right to bear arms.
b) the quartering of troops.
c) due process.
d) self-incrimination
a) the right to bear arms.
79
Chapter 4
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022) most impacted
a) the right to bear arms
b) freedom of speech
c) eminent domain
d) the right to privacy
d) the right to privacy
80
Chapter 4
Which of the following is an example of a civil liberty stated in the U.S. Constitution?
a) voting rights
b) freedom of speech
c) the right to privacy
d) equity in public school funding
b) freedom of speech
81
Chapter 4
During the founding era, _______ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.
a) Federalists
b) Antifederalists
c) merchants and landowners
d) enslaved people
b) Antifederalists
82
Chapter 4
The _______ Amendment is the only amendment in the Bill of Rights that explicitly addresses itself to the national government.
a) First
b) Second
c) Fourth
d) Fifth
a) First
83
Chapter 4
The “wall of separation” between church and state is most related to which clause of the First Amendment?
a) free exercise
b) establishment
c) equal protection
d) full faith and credit
b) establishment
84
Chapter 4
A private citizen, John, posted controversial political views on his Facebook page, and his employer decided to fire him due to those comments. Is this a violation of his First Amendment right to free speech?
a) Yes. Because political speech is a fundamental right that cannot be infringed upon.
b) Yes. Although free speech can be restricted, the burden would be on Exxon Mobil to demonstrate that it was inciting violence.
c) No. The First Amendment right to free speech restricts government but not private employers from infringing upon one’s political speech.
d) No. While Exxon Mobil would be violating his free speech if he had made those comments in the workplace, social media is completely unrestricted.
c) No. The First Amendment right to free speech restricts government but not private employers from infringing upon one’s political speech.
85
Chapter 4
The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate speech is called
a) libel.
b) prior restraint.
c) strict scrutiny.
d) speech plus.
c) strict scrutiny.
86
Chapter 4
The first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech was called the _______ test.
a) speech plus
b) clear and present danger
c) strict scrutiny
d) Lemon
b) clear and present danger
87
Chapter 4
The rights to assembly and petition are guaranteed by the same amendment that guarantees
a) free speech.
b) due process.
c) privacy.
d) the right to bear arms.
a) free speech.
88
Chapter 4
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) was significant because the Supreme Court concluded that the Constitution
a) prohibits the government from limiting campaign spending in any way.
b) allows the government to prevent certain candidates from running campaign advertisements.
c) allows the government to ban political speech that is funded by corporations.
d) prohibits the government from regulating political speech that is funded by corporations.
d) prohibits the government from regulating political speech that is funded by corporations.
89
Chapter 4
The Supreme Court case of New York Times v. United States (1971) was related to which First Amendment concept?
a) speech plus
b) prior restraint
c) fighting words
d) hate speech
b) prior restraint
90
Chapter 4
The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in
a) Miller v. California.
b) District of Columbia v. Heller.
c) United States v. Williams.
d) Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union.
b) District of Columbia v. Heller.
91
Chapter 4
McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it
a) applied the Second Amendment to state governments.
b) rejected the idea that the Second Amendment applies to state governments.
c) concluded that the Second Amendment applies only to state governments and not to the federal government.
d) upheld the state of Illinois’s restrictions on gun ownership by former felons.
a) applied the Second Amendment to state governments.
92
Chapter 4
The Supreme Court applied exclusionary rule to all levels of government in which case?
a) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
b) Near v. Minnesota (1931)
c) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
d) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
c) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
93
Chapter 4
The right to legal counsel in a criminal proceeding is guaranteed by the _______ Amendment.
a) Fourth
b) Fifth
c) Sixth
d) Seventh
c) Sixth
94
Chapter 4
The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against
a) cruel and unusual punishment.
b) unreasonable searches and seizures.
c) self-incrimination.
d) quartering military troops in private homes.
b) unreasonable searches and seizures.
95
Chapter 4
What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit?
a) double jeopardy
b) cruel and unusual punishment
c) denial of counseling felony trials
d) the violation of habeas corpus
b) cruel and unusual punishment
96
Chapter 4
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right
a) to legal counsel in felony cases.
b) against self-incrimination.
c) against suspicionless searches and seizures.
d) to an open trial before a judge.
a) to legal counsel in felony cases.
97
Chapter 4
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used
a) to judge whether printed materials are pornographic.
b) to determine if some element of the Bill of Rights should be applied to the states.
c) to determine whether a warrant should be issued for a police search.
d) by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.
d) by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.
98
Chapter 4
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court prohibited states from
a) making abortion a criminal act at any point in a woman’s pregnancy.
b) making abortion a criminal act prior to the point at which the fetus becomes viable.
c) covering the costs of an abortion through government-subsidized health insurance programs.
d) instituting the death penalty for doctors who provide abortions.
b) making abortion a criminal act prior to the point at which the fetus becomes viable.
99
Chapter 4
What was the consequence of the 2022 Supreme Court case Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization?
a) It affirmed many of the key findings of Roe v. Wade but introduced some new guidelines on how states must provide abortions.
b) It outlawed abortion nationwide.
c) It did not outlaw abortion, but it permitted states to determine, through legislation, whether and to what extent abortion would be permitted within that state.
d) It enshrined the key protections of Roe v. Wade and declared unconstitutional many state-level laws that made obtaining an abortion more difficult.
c) It did not outlaw abortion, but it permitted states to determine, through legislation, whether and to what extent abortion would be permitted within that state.
100
Chapter 4
“Due process of law” is generally defined by the _______ amendments.
a) First, Second, Third, and Fourth
b) First, Second, Ninth, and Tenth
c) Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth
d) Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth
d) Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth
101
Chapter 5
What are civil rights?
A) areas of personal freedom constitutionally protected from government interference
B) guarantees of equal opportunity and protection through obligations imposed on government to protect individuals
C) provisions drafted by bureaucratic agencies relating to federal budgeting
D) government programs that promote public history installations that memorialize civic strife
B) guarantees of equal opportunity and protection through obligations imposed on government to protect individuals
102
Chapter 5
What does the burden of proof mean?
A) the materials that law enforcement must acquire to secure a search warrant
B) the responsibility of an individual, organization, or government to provide sufficient evidence in support of a claim in court
C) the information provided to a grand jury to determine whether criminal charges should be brought
D) the evidence presented by individuals charged with a crime to prove their innocence
B) the responsibility of an individual, organization, or government to provide sufficient evidence in support of a claim in court
103
Chapter 5
What were Jim Crow laws?
A) laws guaranteeing civil rights of free Black Americans before he Civil War
B) laws guaranteeing civil rights of Black veterans after the Civil ar
C) laws enacted by southern states following Reconstruction hat discriminated against Black Americans
D) laws enacted by northern states following Reconstruction hat prohibited discrimination against Black Americans
C) laws enacted by southern states following Reconstruction hat discriminated against Black Americans
104
Chapter 5
What did the Fourteenth Amendment do?
A) It guaranteed voting rights for African American men.
B) It guaranteed equal protection and due process.
C) It abolished slavery.
D) It expanded voting rights to women.
B) It guaranteed equal protection and due process.
105
Chapter 5
Which amendment to the Constitution guarantees equal protection and due process for all citizens?
A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Seventeenth
B) Fourteenth
106
Chapter 5
Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned by what later Supreme Court decision?
A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Dred Scott v. Sanford
C) Shelby County v. Holder
D) Bowers v. Hardwick
A) Brown v. Board of Education
107
Chapter 5
How do civil rights differ from civil liberties?
A) Civil rights are not mentioned in the Constitution but were stablished through judicial review, whereas civil liberties are prominently featured in the Constitution.
B) Civil rights are within the domain of the national government only, whereas civil liberties are within the domain of the state governments
C) Civil rights often require an expansion of government power, whereas civil liberties are often viewed as limitations on government actions.
D) Civil rights are intended as a limit or restrict government actions, whereas civil liberties are meant to greatly expand the power of government
C) Civil rights often require an expansion of government power, whereas civil liberties are often viewed as limitations on government actions.
108
Chapter 5
How did the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision help to precipitate the Civil War?
A) It declared that slavery unconstitutional.
B) It established the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments, which the Confederacy had rejected.
C) It reinforced the institution of slavery and denied the rights of citizenship to all Black Americans, either free or enslaved.
D) It weakened the institution of slavery by granting the rights of citizenship to all Black Americans, either free or enslaved.
C) It reinforced the institution of slavery and denied the rights of citizenship to all Black Americans, either free or enslaved.
109
Chapter 5
What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
A) The Court ruled that Scott was now free since he was taken to a free state or territory.
B) The Court ruled that enslaved people indeed all Black people were not citizens of the U.S. and that Scott was his owner's property, regardless of his having been taken to a free state or territory.
C) The Court ruled that it did not have jurisdiction over this case, so the case was returned to the state court.
D) The Court ruled that slavery was unjust and this led to the abolishment of slavery.
B) The Court ruled that enslaved people indeed all Black people were not citizens of the U.S. and that Scott was his owner's property, regardless of his having been taken to a free state or territory.
110
Chapter 5
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees
A) no person may be held in involuntary servitude, that is to say, slavery.
B) equal pay for all races.
C) African American men the right to vote.
D) due process of law to all citizens of the United States.
C) African American men the right to vote.
111
Chapter 5
What is strict scrutiny?
A) a set of regulations determining which schools receive grants-in-aid from the federal government
B) a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof partially on the government and partially on the challengers to show that the law in question is unconstitutional
C) the apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party
D) a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional
D) a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional
112
Chapter 5
What did the Thirteenth Amendment do?
A) It abolished slavery.
B) It guaranteed voting rights for African American men.
C) It guaranteed equal protection of the laws.
D) It granted women the right to vote.
A) It abolished slavery.
113
Chapter 5
What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
A) The Supreme Court upheld the "separate but equal" rule arguing that states had a compelling interest, and the regulation of public schools was within the power of the states, not the federal government.
B) The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and thus was unconstitutional.
C) The Supreme Court struck down segregation of most public facilities but upheld segregation of public schools.
D) The Supreme Court ruled that segregation was not a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause since the defendants convincingly showed the Black and White facilities were truly equal.
B) The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and thus was unconstitutional.
114
Chapter 5
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?
A) It eliminated the Department of Justice and replaced it with the Department of Civil Rights.
B) It created an independent circuit of federal courts devoted entirely to school desegregation litigation.
C) It prohibited the Justice Department from implementing federal court orders to desegregate schools unless at least three individual parents filed formal complaints.
D) It ended segregation in public spaces and prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, gender, religion, sex, and national origin.
D) It ended segregation in public spaces and prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, gender, religion, sex, and national origin.
115
Chapter 5
In Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Supreme Court
A) struck down Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
B) upheld the constitutionality of state laws banning interracial marriage.
C) struck down state laws banning interracial marriage.
D) upheld the constitutionality of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
C) struck down state laws banning interracial marriage.
116
Chapter 5
Why was the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 significant?
A) It marked the starting point of the abolitionist movement.
B) It marked the starting point of the modern women's movement.
C) It marked the end of the modern women's movement.
D) It led to the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments.
B) It marked the starting point of the modern women's movement.
117
Chapter 5
Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the _______ Amendment in 1920.
A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Nineteenth
D) Twenty-Seventh
C) Nineteenth
118
Chapter 5
The Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) was significant because it
A) guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states.
B) upheld the constitutionality of state-level bans on same-sex marriage.
C) asserted that there was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
D) asserted that there was a constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
A) guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states.
119
Chapter 5
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that
A) quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional, but affirmative action could be used.
B) quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were constitutional, but other forms of affirmative action were unconstitutional.
C) all affirmative action policies were unconstitutional.
D) all affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny by the courts.
A) quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional, but affirmative action could be used.
120
Chapter 5
In legal cases involving racial discrimination, the burden of proof is on
A) whichever side brought the case to court.
B) the challenger to show that discrimination is occurring.
C) the challenger to demonstrate that discrimination is occurring and is intentional.
D) the government to show that the law in question is constitutional.
D) the government to show that the law in question is constitutional.
121
Chapter 5
What is the process by which a group of people organize and act based on a shared goal?
A) affirmative action
B) quid pro quo
C) collective action
D) discrimination
C) collective action
122
Chapter 5
What are social movements?
A) government agencies designed to uphold public obligations to protect individuals
B) sustained campaigns that support political or social goals of disadvantaged population
C) business groups that focus only on fundraising for political candidates
D) scholars who issue reports on the processes of various House and Senate Committees
B) sustained campaigns that support political or social goals of disadvantaged populations
123
Chapter 5
Which clause found in the Constitution is the basis of civil rights for Black Americans, women, and other marginalized groups?
A) the commerce clause
B) the full faith and credit clause
C) the equal protection clause
D) the necessary and proper clause
C) the equal protection clause
124
Chapter 5
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
A) established the "separate but equal" rule.
B) upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
C) declared that segregation by race was unconstitutional.
D) ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state governments.
A) established the "separate but equal" rule.
125
Chapter 5
The Montgomery bus boycott began after _______ refused to give up her seat for a White man.
A) Lucretia Mott
B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
C) Rosa Parks
D) Orbal Faubus
C) Rosa Parks
POS 2041
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