1
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of head and neck
A
T1-T4
2
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of head and neck
A
CN III, VII, IX, X
3
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of heart
A
T1-T5
4
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of heart
A
vagus
5
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of lungs
A
T2-T7
6
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of lungs
A
vagus
7
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of esophagus
A
T3-T6
8
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of esophagus
A
vagus
9
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, duodenum (before ligament of Treitz)
A
T5-T9
10
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, duodenum (before ligament of Treitz)
A
vagus
11
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
A
T10-T11
12
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon (proximal 2/3)
A
vagus
13
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of transverse colon (distal 1/3), descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
A
T12-L2
14
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of transverse colon (distal 1/3), descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
A
S2-S4
15
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of kidneys
A
T10-L1
16
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of kidneys
A
vagus
17
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of adrenal medulla, ureters (proximal 2/3)
A
T10-T11
18
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of adrenal medulla, ureters (proximal 2/3)
A
vagus
19
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of ureters (distal 1/3)
A
T12-L1
20
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of ureters (distal 1/3)
A
S2-S4
21
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of gonads
A
T10-T11
22
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of gonads
A
S2-S4
23
Q
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of uterus, cervix
A
T10-L2
24
Q
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of uterus, cervix
A
S2-S4
25
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of erectile tissue, prostate
T11-L2
26
viscerosomatic parasympathetic innervation of erectile tissue, prostate
S2-S4
27
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of upper extremity
T2-T7
28
viscerosomatic sympathetic innervation of lower extremity
T10-L2
29
Chapman reflex point of middle ear
superior to medial clavicles
C1 posterior rami
30
Chapman reflex point of sinuses
inferior to medial clavicles
C2 articular pillars
31
Chapman reflex point of pharynx
inferior to sternoclavicular joints
C2 articular pillars
32
Chapman reflex point of tonsils
medial 1st intercostal spaces
C2 articular pillars
33
Chapman reflex point of tongue
medial 2nd ribs
C2 articular pillars
34
Chapman reflex point of esophagus, thyroid, heart
medial 2nd intercostal spaces
T2 transverse processes
35
Chapman reflex point of upper lung, arm
medial 3rd intercostal spaces
T3 transverse processes
36
Chapman reflex point of lower lung
medial 4th intercostal spaces
T4 transverse processes
37
Chapman reflex point of liver
right medial 5th and 6th intercostal spaces
right T5 and T6 transverse processes
38
Chapman reflex point of stomach acidity
left medial 5th intercostal space
left T5 transverse process
39
Chapman reflex point of gallbladder
right medial 6th intercostal space
right T6 transverse process
40
Chapman reflex point of pancreas
right medial 7th intercostal space
right T7 transverse process
41
Chapman reflex point of spleen
left medial 7th intercostal space
left T7 transverse process
42
Chapman reflex point of small intestine
medial 8th-10th intercostal spaces
T8-T10 transverse processes
43
Chapman reflex point of pyloris
midline body of sternum
T9 transverse processes
44
Chapman reflex point of adrenals
1" lateral and 2" superior to umbilicus
T11 transverse processes
45
Chapman reflex point of kidneys
1" lateral and 1" superior to umbilicus
L1 transverse processes
46
Chapman reflex point of bladder
periumbilical
L2 transverse processes
47
Chapman reflex point of intestine peristalsis
1-2" inferior and lateral to ASIS
b/t T10 and T11 transverse processes
48
Chapman reflex point of appendix
tip of rib 12
right T11 transverse process
49
Chapman reflex point of ovaries
pubic tubercles
T10 transverse processes
50
Chapman reflex point of urethra
pubic tubercles
L3 transverse processes
51
Chapman reflex point of uterus
inferior pubic rami
L5 transverse processes
52
Chapman reflex point of rectum
lesser trochanters
lateral aspect of middle sacrum
53
Chapman reflex point of colon
anterior iliotibial bands
L2-L4 transverse processes
54
Chapman reflex point of prostate, broad ligament
lateral iliotibial bands
PSIS
55
describe cranial flexion
SBS rises superiorly
occiput expands inferiorly and widens
greater wings of sphenoid move inferiorly and widens
head feels wider side-to-side and narrower superior-to-inferior
56
axes of cranial flexion
rotate in opposite directions about two parallel transverse axes
57
describe cranial extension
SBS rises inferiorly
occiput expands superiorly and gets thinner
greater wings of sphenoid move superiorly and get narrower
head feels narrower side-to-side and longer superior-to-inferior
58
axes of cranial extension
rotate in opposite directions about two parallel transverse axes
59
connection b/t SBS and sacrum
SBS flexion, sacral (CRI) extension (counternutation; sacral base tilts posterior )
SBS extension, sacral (CRI) flexion (nutation; sacral base tilts anterior)
60
physiologic strain patterns
flexion/extension, torsions, sidebending rotations
61
non-physiologic (pathologic) strain patterns
vertical strains, lateral strains, SBS compression
62
describe non-physiologic strain patterns
usually due to trauma or fever/infection, abnormal motion
63
describe SBS torsion
greater wings of sphenoid move superiorly
64
axes of SBS torsion
rotate in opposite directions about one AP axis (basion <--> opisthion)
65
axes of SBS sidebending rotation
rotate in same direction about AP axis
rotate in opposite directions about two parallel vertical axes
66
describe SBS vertical strain
superior vertical strain: sphenoid base is superior in relation to basi-occiput
inferior vertical strain: sphenoid base is inferior in relation to basi-occiput
67
axes of SBS vertical strain
rotate in same direction about two parallel transverse axes
68
describe SBS lateral strain
right lateral strain: sphenoid base is sheared right in relation to basi-occiput
left lateral strain: sphenoid base is sheared left in relation to basi-occiput
69
axes of SBS lateral strain
rotate in same direction about two parallel vertical axes
70
describe SBS compression
little or no motion at the SBS
71
use of standing flexion test
pelvis
72
use of seated flexion test
sacrum
73
use of compression test
pelvis, sacrum
74
associated clinical findings of anterior/posterior innominate rotation
anterior: ipsilateral tight iliolumbar ligament, tight iliopsoas
posterior: ipsilateral tight hamstrings
75
superior transverse axis is for what
movement during respiration (inhalation = posterior sacral base; exhalation = anterior sacral base)
movement of CRI (cranial flexion = sacral base extension; cranial extension = sacral base flexion)
76
middle transverse axis is for what
postural motion (forward bending = SI joint flexion; backward bending = SI joint extension)
77
inferior transverse axis is for what
movement of ilium on the sacrum (during innominate rotations)
78
sacral motion during right heel strike
L on L sacral rotation; left lumbar sidebending
79
sacral motion during left heel strike
R on R sacral rotation; right lumbar sidebending
80
L5 in forward torsions follows what type of Fryette mechanics
type I
81
L5 in backward torsions follows what type of Fryette mechanics
type II
82
L5 always sidebends to the ___ (same/opposite) side of the axis and rotates to the ___ (same/opposite) side of sacral rotation
same; opposite
83
pump handle ribs
ribs 2-5
84
bucket handle ribs
ribs 6-10
85
caliper ribs
ribs 11-12
86
muscle responsible for exhaled ribs 1-2
scalene muscles
87
muscle responsible for exhaled ribs 3-5
pectoralis minor
88
muscle responsible for exhaled ribs 6-8
serratus anterior
89
muscle responsible for exhaled ribs 9-10
latissimius dorsi
90
muscle responsible for exhaled ribs 11-12
latissimius dorsi, quadratus lumborum
91
rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
92
muscles responsible for abduction of glenohumeral joint
supraspinatus, deltoid (middle)
93
muscles responsible for adduction of glenohumeral joint
pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis
94
muscles responsible for flexion of glenohumeral joint
coracobrachialis, deltoid (anterior)
95
muscles responsible for extension of glenohumeral joint
deltoid (posterior), latissimus dorsi
96
muscles responsible for external rotation of glenohumeral joint
infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid (posterior)
97
muscles responsible for internal rotation of glenohumeral joint
subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, deltoid (anterior)
98
Spencer technique does not evaluate for what motions
external rotation, adduction
99
describe the Spencer technique
extension 50°
flexion 180°
circumduction + compression
circumduction + traction
abduction 90°
internal rotation 90°
abduction w/ traction (lymphatic pump)
adduction 50° + external rotation (optional)
(every fancy cat takes an indoor dump)
100
pronated elbow = ___ (anterior/posterior) radial head
posterior
101
supinated elbow = ___ (anterior/posterior) radial head
anterior
102
common cause of posterior radial head
falling forward on outstretched hand
103
common cause of anterior radial head
falling backward on outstretched hand
104
list the five phenomena of the primary respiratory mechanism model
1. CNS possesses inherent motion (motility of brain and spinal cord)
2. CSF fluctuates
3. dural membranes guide and limit motion (reciprocal tension membranes, RTM)
4. cranial bones have articular mobility
5. involuntary mobility of sacrum between ilia
105
define motility
inherent motion (primary motion)
106
define mobility
passive secondary motion
107
motions of unpaired bones
flexion/extension
108
motions of paired bones
external/internal rotation
109
flexion of unpaired bones = ___ (external/internal rotation) of paired bones
external rotation
110
extension of unpaired bones = ___ (external/internal rotation) of paired bones
internal rotation
111
cranial nerves entrapped in EOM dysfunction
III, IV, VI
112
cranial nerves entrapped in trigeminal neuralgia
V
113
cranial nerves entrapped in Bell's Palsy
VII
114
cranial nerves entrapped in feeding disorders
XI, X, XII
115
cranial nerves entrapped in torticollis
XI
116
general lower back pain red flags
abdominal pulsating mass, persistent pain, IV drug use, trauma, unexplained weight loss, neurological findings, age, fever, immunocompromised, steroids, history of HIV/tuberculosis/cancer
117
neurologic exam of lower extremities
DTRs, motion strength testing, sensation testing, straight leg raising test
118
L4 motor, reflex, sensation
motor: tibialis anterior
reflex: patellar tendon
sensation: medial side of foot
119
L5 motor, reflex, sensation
motor: extensor digitorum long
NO reflex
sensation: top of foot
120
S1 motor, reflex, sensation
motor: peroneus longus
reflex: achilles tendon
sensation: lateral side of foot
121
nerve roots of sciatic nerve
L4-S3
122
clinical presentation of piriformis syndrome
sciatic pain, no motor neurological deficits
123
clinical presentation of iliopsoas syndrome
sciatic pain (not past knee), new scoliosis, pelvis shift to opposite side, piriformis spasm on opposite side
124
double crush syndrome
compression of a nerve at one point causes damage at another site
125
C5 motor, reflex
motor: deltoid
reflex: biceps
126
C6 motor, reflex
motor: wrist extensors
reflex: brachioradialis
127
C7 motor, reflex
motor: wrist flexors
reflex: triceps
128
C8 motor
finger flexors
129
T1 motor
interossei mm.
130
purpose of costoclavicular compression test
tests for thoracic outlet syndrome where brachial plexus is impinged between clavicle and 1st rib
131
purpose of scalene compression test (Adson's maneuver)
tests for thoracic outlet syndrome where brachial plexus is impinged between anterior and middle scalene muscles
132
purpose of pectoralis compression test
tests for thoracic outlet syndrome where brachial plexus is impinged under pectoralis minor muscle or tendon
133
pseudosciatica is caused by what muscle
gluteus medius
134
main muscle responsible for scapula elevation
trapezius (superior)
135
main muscle responsible for scapula depression
gravity
136
main muscle responsible for scapula protraction
serratus anterior
137
main muscle responsible for scapula retraction
trapezius (middle)
138
main muscle responsible for scapula upward rotation
trapezius (superior), serratus anterior (inferior)
139
main muscle responsible for scapula downward rotation
latissimius dorsi
140
acute tissue texture changes
warm/hot, erythematous/prolonged red reflex, muscle spasm, boggy/edematous, moist, increased tissue drag; VASODILATION
141
chronic tissue texture changes
cool/cold, pale/prolonged blanching, fibrotic/ropy muscles, dry/scaley skin; VASOCONSTRICTION
142
facets are not engaged in what type of Fryette's mechanics
type I
143
facets are engaged in what type of Fryette's mechanics
type II
144
what type of Fryette mechanics are compensatory
type I
145
what type of Fryette mechanics are a primary somatic dysfunction (due to strain or viscerosomatic reflex)
type II
146
describe Fryette's third law
when motion is introduced in one plane, it modifies (reduces) motion in the other two planes
147
in flexion, facets are ____ (open/closed)
open
148
in extension, facets are ____ (open/closed)
closed
149
describe facet findings for extension somatic dysfunction
no asymmetry in extension
facets closed
closed facet is on the same side of rotation
(ECS)
150
describe facet findings for flexion somatic dysfunction
no asymmetry in flexion
facets open
open facet is on the opposite side of rotation
(FOO)
151
findings for posterior static postural exam
vertical line passes:
- halfway between knees
- along gluteal fold
- through all spinous processes
- along midline of head
152
findings for lateral static postural exam
vertical line passes:
- just ANTERIOR to lateral malleolus
- middle of tibial plateau
- greater trochanter
- body of L3
- middle of humeral head
- external auditory meatus
153
what does hip drop test for
lumbar sidebending
154
positive finding for hip drop test
iliac crest on unsupported side drops < 25°
155
what does Trendelenburg test for
weak hip abductor muscles (gluteus medius)
156
positive finding for Trendelenburg test
iliac crest drops on side of lifted leg
157
clinical presentation of short leg syndrome
lumbar sidebending restrictions
sacral base unlevelness
innominate rotations
158
if a patient has an anatomically short leg, the hip drop test will be positive on the ____ (same/opposite) side
opposite
159
what type of scoliosis does not reduce with sidebending toward the rib hump
structural
160
what type of scoliosis does reduce with sidebending toward the rib hump
functional
161
common cause of functional scoliosis
short leg syndrome
(other causes: muscle strain, weak musculature)
162
scoliotic curve is named for direction of ____ (concavity/convexity)
convexity
163
lower Risser value indicates what
skeletal immaturity = curve is more likely to progress
164
use of cobb angle
categorizing scoliosis as mild, moderate, severe
165
2 absolute contraindications of OMT
absence of SD
patient refusal
166
Triggers are ____ (non-radiating/radiating)
radiating
167
describe concentric contraction
counterforce is less than patient force
168
describe eccentric contraction
counterforce is greater than patient force
169
describe isometric contraction
counterforce is equal to patient force
170
common compensatory pattern
LRLR
171
uncommon compensatory pattern
RLRL
172
uncompensatory patterns
LRRL, RLLR, LLLL, RRRR
173
flexion = ____ (anterior/posterior) glide of tibial plateau
anterior
174
extension = ____ (anterior/posterior) glide of tibial plateau
posterior
175
muscles responsible for abduction of hip joint
gluteus medius/minimus
176
muscles responsible for adduction of hip joint
adductor longus/brevis/magnus, gracilis
177
muscles responsible for flexion of hip joint
iliopsoas
178
muscles responsible for extension of hip joint
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gluteus maximus
179
muscles responsible for external rotation of hip joint
piriformis, obturator externus/internus, superior/inferior gemelli
180
muscles responsible for internal rotation of hip joint
gracilis, gluteus medius/minimus (anterior)
