Final!

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

1. Can live almost everywhere
2. include bacteria & archaea.
3. more prokaryotes than history of humans

Question 2

Prokaryotes cell

Answer 2

1. lacks nucleus
2. produce by bynary fission
3. may not have organelles

Question 3

Bacterium

Answer 3

1. break down foods in our gut floor.
2. clean industrial waste.
3. uses whole cell for cellular respiration & photosynthesis

Question 4

Human biotic infusion

Answer 4

way to put bacteria in gut floor for food breakdown.

Question 5

4 categories of eukaryotes

Answer 5

1. plantea
2. animalia
3. fungi
4. protist( multiple kingdoms)

Question 6

Definition of protist

Answer 6

1. any organism that is not a fungi, animal or plant.
2. most unicellular with exceptions, like algae, which are very complex.
3. they are NOT taxomic. ( one animal where all others evolved from)

Question 7

unicellular

Answer 7

composed of a single cell

Question 8

multicellular

Answer 8

1. masses of closely interacting cells
2. distinct cell of tissue type.
3. cells may not live on their own. (need to be together)

Question 9

Gram stain

Answer 9

1. procedure to determine the bacterium type.
2. Gram-positive is dark purple
3. Gram-negative is light pink

Question 10

Eukaryotes cells

Answer 10

1. nucleus
2. membrane-bound organelles
3. nuclear envelope

Question 11

protist properties

Answer 11

1. most live on aquatic environments
2. all 5 major eukarya lineages include protist, only 2 are not protist.
3. cells are 10 times larger than bacteria & archaea.

Question 12

colonial growth

Answer 12

cells aggregate but all do same funtion.

Question 13

Green algae

Answer 13

1. are autotrophs
2. have chloropyll.
3. cell walls made out of cellulose
4. store starch in plastids.

Question 14

crop domestication

Answer 14

1. domesticated simultaneously in different parts of the world.
2. only certain can be domesticated. ( corn, wheat, rice)
3. created beginning of civilization.
4. no more locomotion for humans.

Question 15

ecosystem service

Answer 15

anything an organism does normally that humans derive benefit from. ex. honey we make money. plants reducing Co2.

Question 16

dominant primary producers

Answer 16

1. are in the bottom of the food chain.

2. if primary producers are eliminated, the effect goes to all other animals, and may die.

Question 17

Wind erosion

Answer 17

Because we cut trees and plants down, the soil weakens and thus creates water & wind erosion. (roots of plants stiffen the soil.)

Question 18

Green algae

Answer 18

1. found in aquatic environments
2. get nutrients from water around thus totally submerge.
3. cell density is the same as water and bulb in plant help it’s bouyancy. does not need vascular support.

Question 19

Plants; process of primitive to advance properties.

Answer 19

1. non-vascular plants (bryophytes) need water
2. seedless vascular plants. need water
3. seed plants no water needed.

Question 20

Plants; primitive to advance names

Answer 20

1. liverworts 3-2-2
2. hornworts
3. mosses
4. lycophytes,
5. pterophytes ex. whisk, ferns
6. gymnosperm (conifers)
7. angiosperm (flowers)

Question 21

three major steps from water to land

Answer 21

1. prevent water loss
2. transport water and nutrients
3. support plant body

Question 22

how did plants overcome waterloss

Answer 22

1. by adaption of the Cuticle, a waxy layer that prevents water loss
2. Stomata, pores that allow gas exchange in photosynthesis.

Question 23

how did overcome the transport of water & nutrients

Answer 23

1. adapting a vasuclar system,
2. adapting tubes that evolve from , simple,tracheids, to vessels.tubes died, which increased water transport.(cytoplasm died too)
3. vessels silmulaneously solved the 3rd problem. (support plant body)

Question 24

lignin

Answer 24

a polymer which provides tubes with strenght.

Question 25

what difines difference between water & land plants.

Answer 25

Alternation of Generations

Question 26

Alternation of Generations

Answer 26

Both diploid and haploid stages are multicellular.

Question 27

Green algae reproduction system

Answer 27

1. opposite from us. | 2. the zygote is the only diploid cell that is NOT mulitcellular.

Question 28

Non- vascular plants

Answer 28

1. no vascular tissue 2. require water for fertilization 3. no true roots stems or leaves.

Question 29

seedless vascular plants

Answer 29

1. vascular tissue 2. tracheids supported with lignin 3. true roots stems and leaves present. 4. water required for fertilization

Question 30

ferns

Answer 30

1. is a seedless vascular plant. 2. pteridophyta 3. grows as epiphytes, not rooted in soil. 4. tip of plant grows as fiddleheads

Question 31

products from seed plants

Answer 31

1. provides most of our foods. 2. provide wood 3. provide medicine.

Question 32

Monoecious

Answer 32

having both male and female reproductive systems.

Question 33

gymnosperm

Answer 33

cones shape, high elevations, most evergreen. keep leaves to undergo photosynthesis all year.

Question 34

angiosperm

Answer 34

flowering plants, trees with flowers

Question 35

conifers

Answer 35

mostly wind despersal, cone like shape. tallest is the redwood. biggest is the Giant sequoia. oldest is the bristlecone pine, 4900 years

Question 36

Angiosperm

Answer 36

1. most diverse in land plants. 2. flowers to attract pollinators. 3. food for seed despersal 4. has an ovary (fruit)

Question 37

wind & animal dispersal

Answer 37

wind helps fertilize, and animals like bees also help take pollen to female in other plants. (animal dispersal is most succesful.

Question 38

flower properties

Answer 38

1. sepal-encloses flower 2. pedals- brightly color and attracts pollinators. 3. stamens-produce pollen on their terminal anthers (male) 4. carpels-produce ovules.(female)

Question 39

two stradegies for flowers to attract pollinators.

Answer 39

1. give something back(bees get honey) | 2. completely fool or trick pollinator.