Final

Question 1

Expert Opinion

Answer 1

editorial based on opinion; not peer reviewed

Question 2

Review of Literature

Answer 2

may be peer reviewed

Question 3

Lab/ Animal Studies

Answer 3

Controlled conditions; beginning of human research

Question 4

Case Series/ Reports

Answer 4

early research; not controlled

Question 5

Case Control Studies

Answer 5

patient history compared with a comparison group; need to ask if the results are causation or association

Question 6

Cohort Studies

Answer 6

prospective; large group; recruiting for the future without interventions

Question 7

Randomized Control Trials

Answer 7

prospective; expensive; experimental placebo vs. standard dosage

Question 8

Systematic Review

Answer 8

includes published and unpublished studies

Question 9

Meta-Analysis Review

Answer 9

includes published studies; pools information to create a new data set

Question 10

Histories in Nutrition Assessment

Answer 10

Medical/ Health History
Medication/ Drug History (alcoholism)
Socioeconomics
Food/ Nutrition History

Question 11

Physical Assessment Techniques

Answer 11

Inspection: general observation
Palpation: touch
Percussion: sound
Auscultation: listening to body via ear or stethoscope

Question 12

Adult HR , Respiratory Rate , BP

Answer 12

HR: 60-100 bpm
RR: 12-16 bpm
BP:

Question 13

Corticosteroids

• use
• food interaction
• monitor
• example

Answer 13

• strong anti-inflammatory drug that can be used to suppress immune system and prevent rejection for organ transplant. Can also help with low blood pressure
• take with food or mic. Avoid simple sugars. Avoid large intakes of CHO, alcohol and citrus intake. Decrease Na supplements and increase Ca + Vit. D
• increased appetite; hyperglycemia; weight gain
• Prednisone

Question 14

Diuretics

• use
• food interaction
• monitor
• example

Answer 14

• prevents body form absorbing too much salt. Treats fluid retention
• take on an empty stomach
• increase Ca, K + Mg if there is a decrease
• Foursemide (Lasix) + Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Question 15

Anticoagulants

• use
• food interaction
• monitor
• example

Answer 15

• reduces blood clotting
• limit vit. K consumption
• do not exceed UL for Vit. A or E. limit supplemental intake of ginger, garlic, ginseng, saw palmetto, gingko, and horse chestnut
• Warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 16

Stromach Medication

• use
• food interaction
• monitor
• example

Answer 16

• relieves pain and irritation caused by gird
• take with or without food but definitely with 8 ounces of water. caffeine may cause irritation
• take 2 hours before iron or antacid supplement. increase b12 absorption on an individualistic level, avoid alcohol
• h2 Cimetidine (Tagamet)
• Ranitidine (Zantac)
• Famotidine (Pepcid)
• Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Question 17

IBW Range

Answer 17

+/- 10% of IBW

Question 18

IBW %

Answer 18

actual weight / IBW x 100

Question 19

AIBW

Answer 19

(actual weight - IBW) x 25% + IBW

Question 20

UBW%

Answer 20

actual weight/ UBW x 100

Question 21

BMI

Answer 21

weight in kg/ (height in m) 2

Question 22

BMI Classifications

Answer 22

1. underweight = 40

Question 23

WHR

Answer 23

Waist - Hip - Ratio
Male: >1
Female: > 0.8

Question 24

Waist Circumference

Answer 24

Male: >40”
Female: >35”

Question 25

LBM

Answer 25

Lean Body Mass | weight - (weight x body fat%)

Question 26

FM

Answer 26

Fat Mass | weight x body fat%

Question 27

Densitometry

Answer 27

measure of body density; underwater weighing; addition of He added via tank

Question 28

TSF

Answer 28

triceps skin fold | [arm circumference - (3.14 x TSF)]2 / 12.56

Question 29

% Total Kcals of - BMR - TEF - Activity

Answer 29

BMR: 65% TEF: 7-10% Activity: 15-25%

Question 30

Protein Needs

Answer 30

weight in kg x stress factor

Question 31

Holliday Segar Infants Children Adults (>3 y. o)

Answer 31

- 100 mL/ kg - [(kg - 100 x 50 + 1000] / kg - [(kg-20) x 20] +1500

Question 32

METs

Answer 32

(BMR/24) x (METs) x (time in hours)

Question 33

CBC WBC RBC

Answer 33

- Complete Blood Count - White Blood Cell; leukocyte; 5-10 thousand - Red Blood Cell; erythrocyte; hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 34

Hemoglobin | Hematocrit

Answer 34

-Males: 14-18 g/dL Females: 12-16 g/ dL -Males: 42-52% Females: 35-47%

Question 35

Albumin | Bilirubin

Answer 35

- accounts for 60% of total serum proteins; 1/2 life of 21 days - clearance of aged RBC which contains hemoglobin

Question 36

BUN

Answer 36

amount of nitrogen in your bloods that goes form the waste product of urea

Question 37

C-Reactive Protein

Answer 37

helps to identify when acute hyper metabolic period of the inflammatory response wanes

Question 38

Creatinine

Answer 38

formed from creatine found in muscle tissue

Question 39

Ferritin

Answer 39

storage protein that sequesters iron in liver, spleen. and marrow

Question 40

FBG (S)

Answer 40

Fasting blood glucose or sugar

Question 41

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Answer 41

useful in differentiating short term hyperglycemia

Question 42

retinol

Answer 42

vitamin a status can be estimated using this serum

Question 43

pre albumin// transthyretin

Answer 43

hepatic protein transported in the serum as a complex of retinol-binding protein and vitamin a; half life of 2-3 days

Question 44

vitamin D25OH

Answer 44

individual vitamin D status can be estimated by measuring plasma

Question 45

Fibrinogen

Answer 45

blood clotting protein

Question 46

Plasma Proteins

Answer 46

made by the liver and are required for blood clotting, osmotic pressure, plasma viscosity, and pH support -albumin, pre albumin, total protein, retinol-binding protein, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen

Question 47

BUN + Creatinine

Answer 47

Renal function; increase dehydration and poor kidney function

Question 48

ALT + AST // ALKALINE PHOSPHATE

Answer 48

liver: elevated levels indicate liver problems

Question 49

BILIRUBIN

Answer 49

gallbladder

Question 50

AMYLASE // LIPASE

Answer 50

pancreas

Question 51

Megaloblastic Anemia

Answer 51

folate deficiency

Question 52

Pernicious Anemia

Answer 52

B12 deficiency

Question 53

Macrocytic

Answer 53

large cells

Question 54

normochromic

Answer 54

normal iron and color

Question 55

Microcytic

Answer 55

small cells

Question 56

Hypochromic

Answer 56

low iron and color

Question 57

``` How often do babies usually eat? How often do older babies usually eat? How many feedings per day is a baby having ? How long is a baby feeding ? How many wet/ dirty diapers per day? ```

Answer 57

-every 2 hours -every 3-4 hours 8-12 -15-20 minutes -8-12 diapers

Question 58

Bottle Feeding Intake Assessment

Answer 58

1. 24 hours/ amount of feeding that day= A 2. A x amount of ounces per feeding= B 3. B x calories within feeding (20)= C 4. C/ weight of baby in kg= D 5. D should be in units kcal/kg/d

Question 59

Estimating Protein for Bottle Formula

Answer 59

1. Calories form bottle/ 100= A in kg 2. A x scoops of formula= B 3. B/ weight in kg= C 4. C should be in units g/kg/d

Question 60

ADIME

Answer 60

A: performed upon the 1st 24 hours of hospitalization; collect data D: PES Statement I: measurable; specific goals assessing what can be done M/E: monitoring and evaluating the progression of the intervention