Final: All structures (Ben/Lukas)

Question 1

Answer 1

tyr

neutral, polar

aromatic

• side chain is phenol

Question 2

Answer 2

Propionic Acid

Question 3

Answer 3

Testosterone

Question 4

Answer 4

Creatinine

(breakdown product of creatine-P)

Question 5

Answer 5

acetoacetic acid

(basically just two acetic acids combined)

Question 6

Answer 6

epinephrine

(decarboxylated, double hydroxlated and methylated tyrosine)

Question 7

Answer 7

tryptamine

(decarboxylated tryptophan)

Question 8

Answer 8

val

neutral, nonpolar

• one of the 3 branched-chain AAs

Question 9

Answer 9

arg

basic, polar

• pka of side chain is more basic than amine
• side chain is guanidine after three CH₂s

Question 10

Answer 10

xanthine

(purine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 11

Answer 11

Cortisol

Question 12

Answer 12

asn

neutral, polar

the amine in the side chain is NEVER protonated

• contains carboxamide (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to CH₂

Question 13

Answer 13

glu

acidic, polar

• side chain is carboxyl after two CH₂s

Question 14

Answer 14

adenine

(purine with only an amino grp)

Question 15

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

Answer 16

Cholic Acid

(dont confuse with cholesterol … has more -OH grps on its rings plus has -COOH on side chain rather than that branching of cholesterol)

Question 17

Answer 17

gamma carboxy glutamate

Question 18

Answer 18

citrate

Question 19

Answer 19

GABA

• decarboxylated glutamate

Question 20

Answer 20

ile

neutral, nonpolar

2 chiral centers (4 configurations)

Question 21

Answer 21

fumarate

Question 22

Answer 22

cGMP

(note the cyclized P and ribose, plus the =O and -NH2 on the purine means guanine)

Question 23

Answer 23

acetone

Question 24

Answer 24

Acetylcholine

(triple methylated N of choline plus acetyl grp)

Question 25

Answer 25

leu neutral, nonpolar - one of the 3 **brainched chain** AAs

Question 26

Answer 26

glycocholic acid (dont confuse with cholesterol or cholic acid... that long side chain has a nitrogen from the glycine which is conjugated to cholic acid)

Question 27

Answer 27

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

Question 28

Answer 28

isocitric acid

Question 29

Answer 29

fructose-6- phosphate

Question 30

Answer 30

lys basic, polar - pka of side chain is **more** basic than amine - side chain is an **amino** group after four CH₂s

Question 31

Answer 31

Glycine

Question 32

Answer 32

**ethanolamine** | (ethanol with an amine... ya big idiot)

Question 33

Answer 33

aldosterone

Question 34

Answer 34

ribose-5-phosphate

Question 35

Answer 35

Histamine | (decarbed His)

Question 36

Answer 36

phe neutral, nonpolar aromatic

Question 37

Answer 37

thr neutral, polar 2 chiral centers

Question 38

Answer 38

phosphatidylcholine - choline is the z group - found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves - AKA **lecithin**

Question 39

Answer 39

Ornithine (dont confuse with Lys! ... Lys has one more -CH₂- in its R group)

Question 40

Answer 40

cytosine | (pyrimidine with amino and oxo)

Question 41

Answer 41

Progesterone

Question 42

Answer 42

Sec (Selenocysteine) Neutral Polar - selenium replaces sulfur in cysteine's thiol group

Question 43

Answer 43

Sphingosine - found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes - important in signaling as well (looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)

Question 44

Answer 44

alanine

Question 45

Answer 45

carnitine

Question 46

Answer 46

**alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate** (starting from the right side... there is an alpha amino group and beta ketone... this is the intermediate of ALA synthase in delta-aminolevulinate synthesis)

Question 47

Answer 47

glycerol

Question 48

Answer 48

diacylglycerol glycerol backbone plus 2 FAs (R grps) connected via _ester_ linkages

Question 49

Answer 49

glucose

Question 50

Answer 50

Phosphatidic Acid

Question 51

Answer 51

Beta Alanine | (alanine with amino in beta position)

Question 52

Answer 52

α- ketoglutarate

Question 53

Answer 53

**cAMP** (note the cyclized phosphate and ribose and the single amino grp on the purine = adenine)

Question 54

Answer 54

**Cephalin** AKA phosphatidylethanolamine (the longer name makes more sense... is a phosphatidic acid with ethanolamine attached at the P grp ... R grps are fatty acids)

Question 55

Answer 55

glucosamine

Question 56

Answer 56

2-phosphoglycerate

Question 57

Answer 57

oxaloacetate OXA

Question 58

Answer 58

dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP

Question 59

ignore Mg²⁺

Answer 59

malate

Question 60

Answer 60

Urea

Question 61

Answer 61

fructose

Question 62

Answer 62

glucuronic acid (NOT glucose! because it has a -COOH instead of -CH2OH)

Question 63

Answer 63

carbamoyl phosphate (ammonia + bicarbonate + phosphate ... sort of)

Question 64

Answer 64

glycerinaldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 65

Answer 65

Uric Acid | (purine with 3 oxo groups)

Question 66

Answer 66

**serotonin** | (decarboxylated and hydroxylated Trp)

Question 67

Answer 67

**delta-aminolevulinic acid** (decarboxylation of the alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipate intermediate in the ALA synthase rxn)

Question 68

Answer 68

acetic acid

Question 69

Answer 69

Estradiol

Question 70

Answer 70

galactose

Question 71

Answer 71

**norepinephrine** (decarboxylated and double hydroxylated tyrosine)

Question 72

Answer 72

B-hydroxy-B-methyl-glutarate (AKA **HMG** as in HMG-CoA) (the B OH and B -CH3 right in the middle of the molecule give it away)

Question 73

Answer 73

glucose-6-phosphate (alpha D)

Question 74

Answer 74

**Creatine** (made from Gly and Arg ... into guanidinoacetate ... then methylated on that middle N)

Question 75

Answer 75

1,3-BPG

Question 76

Answer 76

glucose-1-phosphate

Question 77

Answer 77

phosphoenolpyruvate PEP

Question 78

Answer 78

asp acidic, polar - side chain is **carboxyl** after one CH₂

Question 79

Answer 79

met neutral, nonpolar - S comes after _two_ CH₂s

Question 80

Answer 80

6-phosphogluconate

Question 81

Answer 81

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 82

Answer 82

Hydroxyproline

Question 83

Answer 83

hypoxanthine | (purine with only one oxo grp)

Question 84

Answer 84

thymine (pyrimidine with 2 oxo and 1 methyl grp... ie methylated uracil)

Question 85

Answer 85

ser neutral, polar

Question 86

Answer 86

Citrulline | (don't mistake for arginine!)

Question 87

Answer 87

gln neutral, polar - contains **carboxamide** (carboxyl w/ NH₂ replacing OH) attached to _second_ CH₂

Question 88

Answer 88

**taurocholic acid** (dont confuse with... cholesterol OR cholic acid OR glycocholic acid.... there's an S in there, ya big dummy)

Question 89

Answer 89

pro neutral, nonpolar not an amino acid, but a cyclic amino or imino acid with a secondary amide contained within the ring

Question 90

Answer 90

**Androstenedione**

Question 91

Answer 91

uracil | (pyrimidine with 2 oxo grps)

Question 92

Answer 92

creatine phosphate

Question 93

Answer 93

his basic, polar aromatic - side chain is **imidazole** attached to one CH₂ via the C furthest from the lone N

Question 94

Answer 94

beta-hydroxy-butyrate | (OH on the beta carbon)

Question 95

Answer 95

trp neutral, polar aromatic - contains an **indole** (benzene + pyrrole) group attached to -CH₂ via the double bonded C of its pyrrole furthest from the N

Question 96

Answer 96

succinate

Question 97

Answer 97

cys neutral, polar - contains a **thiol** (R-S-H) on a CH₂

Question 98

Answer 98

guanine | (purine with amino and oxo grp)

Question 99

Know how to identify nucleotide AND deoxynucleotide mono, di and triphosphates...

Answer 99

basically just see if the ribose is 2-deoxy or not ... then check what base it is... then see how many Ps