Final - Ear

Question 1

What does a normal tympanic membrane look like

Answer 1

“Pearly grey” membrane (pars tensa)

Question 2

Tympanosclerosis

Answer 2

• dense white patches

Because scarring/calcium deposition within the layers of the TM

Question 3

Acute Otitis Media

Answer 3

• Tympanic membrane (TM) is red and bulging

Question 4

What mobility testing is used to help answer question of whether or not the middle ear is infected

Answer 4

Pneumatic otoscopy

Decreased TM mobility = increased likelihood of middle ear infection

Question 5

Pressure from infection in middle ear caused TM rupture

Answer 5

Acute otitis media with perforation

Question 6

Mastoiditis

Answer 6

• pain, erythema, and swelling over the mastoid process
• causes forward displacement of the pinna
• infection of the air cells in the mastoid bone

Question 7

Mastoiditis management

Answer 7

• send to emergency department (ED)

Question 8

Ears feel “plugged” but not painful

Answer 8

Serous Otitis Media

aka Otitis Media with Effusion

Question 9

Serous Otitis Media

Findings

Answer 9

• Normal OR retracted TM; amber colored fluid; air-fluid bubbles

Question 10

Normal eustachian tube Connects the _____
filled middle ear to the nasopharynx

Should open to allow ____ exchange when _____, ______, and _____

Answer 10

Air

Yawning, swallowing, sneezing

Question 11

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

Answer 11

• tube(s) get plugged

- sounds are muffled and ears feel full; possibly some pain too

Question 12

Eustachian dysfunction affect on middle ear cavity?Most common cause?

Answer 12

• fluid accumulation = otitis media with effusion
• can rapidly lead to negative pressure in the middle ear and a retracted tympanic membrane

Most common cause: excessive mucus and inflammation due to a cold, sinus infection or allergies

Question 13

Nasopharyngeal Obstruction by Adenoids is more of an issue in _____. Adenoids ______ in adults

Answer 13

Children

Shrink

Question 14

Nasopharyngeal Obstruction by Adenoids treatment

Answer 14

• Eustachian tube exercises: swallowing, yawning, chewing gum, self autoinflation
• Eustachian tube manipulation procedure
• If pain, recommend heating pad and/or OTC NSAIDs or acetaminophen

Question 15

Treatment for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction

Answer 15

• Antihistamine or steroid nasal spray if allergies are a factor (OTC)

Question 16

Tympanostomy Tube is for

Answer 16

• Children with recurrent ear infections

Question 17

Functions of inner ear (2)

Answer 17

Hearing and balance

Question 18

Sound is carried via the external and middle ears to the inner ear by 2 pathways:

Majority done by _____
Which is better?

Answer 18

• air conduction

Question 19

Whisper Test

• sensitivity __%
• specificity __%
• detects earring loss of ___ decibels

Answer 19

• screening for hearing loss

Question 20

If patient fails the whisper screening test, perform

Answer 20

Weber and Rinne tests

Used to determine the type of hearing loss

Question 21

The 3 semicircular canals sense ______

Abnormalities commonly cause ______

Answer 21

• head position and movement

- vertigo

Question 22

What is the ear abnormality that gives a patient false sense of motion

Answer 22

Vertigo