competence
need to perceive oneself as capable or competent
autonomy
need to determine or feel in control of one’s own actions
social relatedness
need to feel included, accepted, or connected to others, to feel satisfaction in one’s involvement with the social world
How do you build competence?
provide encouragement and not just help/do the task for the person
How do you build autonomy?
- provide choices
- use patient’s learning style
______________ and ____________ can threaten autonomy.
social interactions and controlling language
What are examples of controlling language that should be avoided?
- Must
- Should
- Have to
- I want you to
- You are accountable for
How can we increase feelings of social relatedness within our therapy programs?
- get to know your patients
- SAID principle so they are working toward a goal
- group PT
What are 2 forms of nondeclarative associative forms of learning?
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
classical conditioning
stimulus to stimulus - pavlov’s dog
operant conditioning
behavior to consequence - dog sits and gets a treat
procedural learning
learning tasks that can be performed automatically w/o attention or conscious thought; develops slowly through repetition
- VOR, riding bike, walking
declarative/explicit learning
- knowledge that can be recalled
- factual knowledge
__________________ can transform declarative into nondeclarative/procedural knowledge
constant repetition
Adams’s Closed Loop Theory
practice the same exact movement repeatedly, to one accurate endpoint
- The more time spent practicing the movement as accurately as possible, the better the learning will be
Schmidt’s Schema Theory
optimal learning will occur if a task is practiced under many different conditions
What are the 3 stages of motor learning?
- cognitive stage - to understand how to perform a skill
- intermediate/associative stage - learner begins to modify/adapt movement pattern as needed
- autonomous stage - movement is automatic and attention can be directed elsewhere
In what motor learning stage is physical guidance needed?
cognitive stage
In what motor learning stage is error detection needed?
intermediate/associative stage
In what motor learning stage is dual task incorporated?
autonomous stage
What part of the brain is associated with explicit/declarative learning?
- medial temporal lobe areas
- sensory association cortex
- hippocampus
What part of the brain is nonassociative learning (nondeclarative) associated with?
habituation and sensitization
- reflex pathways
What part of the brain is associative learning (nondeclarative) associated with?
classical and operant conditioning
- emotional responses - amygdala
- skeletal musculature - cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, premotor cortex
What part of the brain is procedural learning (nondeclarative) associated with?
skills and habits
- striatum and other motor areas
- cerebellum
