Final Exam

Question 1

EBP Model Components

Answer 1

Best available research evidence
Clinical expertise
Patient unique values
Clinical circumstances

Question 2

Barriers to EBP

Answer 2

Therapist, system, Profession

Question 3

What is PICO

Answer 3

P- patient, population, problem
I- intervention, exposure, test
C- comparison
O- outcome

Question 4

Randomized control trial

Answer 4

controlled comparison, intervention, placebo, random assignment, restricted subject selection

Question 5

Pragmatic clinical trial

Answer 5

focus on real world outcome, participants are patients and receive intervention, outcomes are the factor

Question 5

quasi experimental designs

Answer 5

comparative design without randomization and control group. time series designs to allow repeated measurement over time

Question 6

single subject design

Answer 6

systematic study on one or more subjects with repeated measurement under controlled and experimental condition

Question 7

types of explanatory research

Answer 7

randomized control trial
pragmatic clinical trial
quasi experimental designs
single subject design

Question 8

exploratory/observational reserach

Answer 8

cohort studies
case-control studies
correlation/predictive studies
methodological studies

Question 9

cohort studies

Answer 9

observational studies on one or two cohorts of individuals over time to determine a disease or outcome or risk factor

Question 10

case-control studies

Answer 10

observational study comparing patients with a control group in terms of disease, outcome or risk factors

Question 11

correlation/predictive studies

Answer 11

exploring relationship. decision making, diagnosis, prevention or prognosis

Question 12

types of descriptive research

Answer 12

developmental
normative
case report/series
historical
qualitative
mixed methods

Question 13

developmental research

Answer 13

pattern of growth or changes over time

Question 14

normative research

Answer 14

establishing a normal values for specific variables as a guideline for diagnosis or treatment planning

Question 15

case report/series

Answer 15

documents unusual condition or intervention by describing a patient or several patients or communities

Question 16

Historical research

Answer 16

reconstruction of the past to generate questions or suggest relationships of historical interest

Question 17

qualitative

Answer 17

observations or interviews to generate hypothesis about human behaviors

Question 18

mixed methods

Answer 18

a combination and quantitative and qualitative research methods

Question 19

what makes a good research question

Answer 19

importance
ethical standards
feasibility

Question 20

Independent variables

Answer 20

factors that are manipulated
cause/predict

Question 21

dependent variables

Answer 21

factors that are measured
effect/outcome

Question 22

Belmont report created what three ethical principles

Answer 22

beneficence
respect for persons
justice

Question 23

floor effect

Answer 23

data hitting the bottom end of distribution– test is too hard

Question 24

ceiling effect

Answer 24

data all hitting the top of the distribution--- test is too easy

Question 25

test-retest reliability

Answer 25

evaluate whether the measurement is consistent for the test taker

Question 26

intra-rater reliability

Answer 26

consistency of multiple measures take by same person

Question 27

inter-rater

Answer 27

consistency of same measure take by different people

Question 28

ICC numbers

Answer 28

less than .5=poor .5-.75=moderate .75-.9=good greater than .9=excellent

Question 29

SEM number meaning for reliability

Answer 29

larger the SEM, lower the reliability and less precision

Question 30

Face validity

Answer 30

does the test appear to test what its supposed to

Question 31

Criterion validity

Answer 31

is the test the most effective

Question 32

two types of criterion validity

Answer 32

concurrent and predictive

Question 33

concurrent validity

Answer 33

extent to which the test correlates with the gold standard

Question 34

predictive validity

Answer 34

extent to which the test can predict the outcome of

Question 35

content validity

Answer 35

degree to which a test evaluates all aspects of the topic

Question 36

constrict validity

Answer 36

the extent to which the test accurately assesses what its supposed to

Question 37

sensitivity meaning

Answer 37

percent chance that you can rule something out when negative

Question 38

specificity meaning

Answer 38

the percent chance that you can rule something in when positive

Question 39

LR+ meaning

Answer 39

confidence that a positive is a true positive

Question 40

LR- meaning

Answer 40

confidence that a negative is a true negative

Question 41

PPV meaning

Answer 41

liklihood that its a true positive test

Question 42

NVP

Answer 42

likelihood that its a true negative test

Question 43

When to use Relative risk vs odds ratio

Answer 43

relative risk has intervention and is more prospective

Question 44

When is PRISMA used

Answer 44

meta-analysis

Question 45

EER meaning

Answer 45

proportion of patients in the experimental treatment group who are observed to experience the outcome

Question 46

CER meaning

Answer 46

proportion of participants in the control group who have the outcome

Question 47

ARR meaning

Answer 47

actual difference in event rate or improvement between control and experimental group

Question 48

RRR meaning

Answer 48

difference in event rates or improvements between the 2 study groups

Question 49

NNT meaning

Answer 49

number of patients that would need to be treated to have the outcome

Question 50

Threats to internal validity

Answer 50

history maturation attrition testing instrumentation regression to the mean selection social threats

Question 51

time series designs

Answer 51

one group pretest-posttest design repeated measure design interrupted time series design

Question 52

nonequivalent group designs

Answer 52

nonequivalent pretest-postest control group design nonequivalent posttest only control group design

Question 53

statistical tests for one group pretest-posttest

Answer 53

paired t-test

Question 54

statistical test for one group repeated measure/ multiple posttests

Answer 54

one way repeated measures ANOVA

Question 55

statistical test for multiple pretests, then treatments, then multiple posttests

Answer 55

interrupted time series design

Question 56

statistical test for pretest-posttest control group design

Answer 56

unpaired t test unpaired ANOVA

Question 57

What are CPRs

Answer 57

intended to simplify and increase the accuracy of clinicians' diagnostic and prognostic assessments

Question 58

CPRs are useful when:

Answer 58

decision-making is complex clinical stakes are high opportunities exist to avoid unnecessary tests without compromising patient care

Question 59

diagnostic CPRs

Answer 59

maximize the sensitivity to better rule out the diagnosis of

Question 60

intervention CPRs

Answer 60

likelihood that a patient will respond favorable to an intervention

Question 61

Prognosis CPRs

Answer 61

prediction of the natural course of a condition or its risk for development

Question 62

what is a similarity between prognosis and intervention CPRS

Answer 62

there is not control group