Final Exam

Question 1

What are the 7 ‘a’s of dementia?

Answer 1

1. Agnosognosia
2. Agnosia
3. Aphasia
4. Apraxia
5. Altered perception
6. amnesia
7. apathy

Question 2

Define apathy

Answer 2

Showing no interest/concern

Question 3

Right hemisphere deficits lesion location/correlation

Answer 3

No clear areas for right hemisphere dysfunction

Question 4

Define pragmatics

Answer 4

The relationship between language and context.

Study of how** literal and nonliteral** aspects of communicated linguistic meaning are determined by principles that refer to the physical OR social context in which language is used.

Question 5

Give examples of pragmatics

Answer 5

Topic maintenance, tangentiality, eye contact, joint attention

Question 6

What is figurative language?

Answer 6

Language that is non-literal; abstract

Question 7

Define theory of mind

Answer 7

Taking someone else’s perspective/POV

Question 8

Name areas that a deficit in executive function would impact

Answer 8

o Attention
o Memory
o Problem-solving
o Organization
o Initiation
o Inhibition

Question 9

What is the importance of using everyday contexts in TBI therapy?

Answer 9

Functional language to promote generalization

Question 10

Name 5 things that are important regarding dementia.

Answer 10

1. Dementia is not a normal part of aging
2. Dementia is not caused by diseases of the brain
3. Dementia is not only about losing your memory
4. it’s possible to live well with dementia
5. there is more to a person than their dementia

Question 11

Is dementia only about losing your memory?

Answer 11

No!

Question 12

List some reversible diagnoses that can result in dementia?

Answer 12

Vascular
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Pharmacology
Infection
Neurologic
Nutritional

Question 13

Define polypharmacy, please.

Answer 13

Using multiple prescription drugs

Question 14

What is Wernicke’s metabolic deficiency?

Answer 14

o B12
o Associated with alcoholism
o Medication is thiamine

Question 15

What are the 4 common types of dementia?

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s
Frontotemporal
Lewy Body
Vascular

Question 16

Notable feature of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 16

brain tangles and plaques

Question 17

Notable feature of frontotemporal?

Answer 17

impacts ability to speak and understand language

Question 18

Notable feature of Lewy Body?

Answer 18

typically aware of their deficit

Question 19

Notable feature of vascular dementia?

Answer 19

behaves most like a stroke

Question 20

What are the deficits in early stage Alzheimer’s dementia? (AD)

Answer 20

1. Word finding
2. Comprehension of abstract language
3. Comprehension of complex conversation
4. Central executive function impaired

Question 21

What is the progression of Alzheimer’s dementia deficits?

Answer 21

1. Behavioral changes
2. Worsening of semantics, reduced topic maintenance
3. Reduced comprehension with complexity
4. Increased dysnomia
5. STM loss

Question 22

Late stage AD deficits?

Answer 22

1. Severely impaired expressive/receptive language
2. Verbal output echolalic, perseverative, paraphasic, ambiguous
3. Can deteriorate to incoherent output or mutism

Question 23

Define dysnomia

Answer 23

Difficulty with selecting or retrieving a particular word

Question 24

Define echolalia

Answer 24

-repetition of words or phrases spoken by somebody else
-mimics intonation and exact phrasing

Question 25

When is the onset of primary progressive aphasia (PPA)?

Answer 25

around 60 years of age

Question 26

Describe PPA

Answer 26

-Patients slowly develop non-fluent, anomic aphasia with hesitant, effortful speech -Repetition, reading, and writing are also impaired -subset of frontotemporal dementia -initially, memory is preserved, by 75% of patients develop non-language deficits -most patients eventually become mute (if they live long enough)

Question 27

What are some evaluation considerations for someone with dementia?

Answer 27

1. Quality of life considerations 2. Stage of dementia they're in 3. Communication wants/needs 4. Cognitive ability (impacts eval and therapy options) 5. Multi-disciplinary approach

Question 28

Why is the multi-disciplinary approach important for evaluation of someone with dementia?

Answer 28

o Impacts more than just the diagnosis, life-altering o Impacts ADLs for the caregiver perspective o Involves social work, ot, pt, etc. o Higher caregiver burden o Encourage people to talk with physician for referrals

Question 29

Which aphasia is most common for receptive language?

Answer 29

Wernicke's

Question 30

Which aphasia is most common for expressive language?

Answer 30

Broca's

Question 31

What are the 3 major components of cognition?

Answer 31

Attention Memory Executive function