0
Q
What are the FIVE types of the industry structure of swine?
A
1) Farrow to wean
2) Finisher pig Feeder
3) Farrow-to-finish Producer
4) Purebred Producer
5) Integrated Corporate Production
1
Q
Purpose of the Swine Industry.
A
- Use surplus grain.
- Use high quality by-products.
- Produce meat.
- Add value to grain.
- Most efficient- converting food to muscle.
- Require high enegry feed.
2
Q
Swine Breeds.
A
a) Lard Type
b) Bacon Type
c) Now: Meat Type-More muscular and much leaner.
3
Q
Mother Breeds.
A
- Emphasized in females
- Yorkshire, Landrace, Chester White.
- White Pigs
4
Q
Carcass Breeds.
A
- Used more on sire side.
- Hampshire.
5
Q
All around breed of swine.
A
Duroc
6
Q
Synthetic Breeds.
A
- Reduction in influence of previously important breeds.
- Heritage, Hypor, (swine genetics Company) and PIC.
7
Q
Crossbreeding Programs.
A
- All market hogs in US
- What breeds, what order
- Maximizes heterosis
- Factors:
- Size of herd
- Availability of replacements (young females) can be bought of breed them yourself
8
Q
What are the breeding program goals for Cattle?
A
- Milk Production
- 1 calf per year
- Healthy
- Mobility/hoof care.
- Handling
- Longevity
- Want an older age average- not younger because get more when older.
- Lactation is about 305 days (3 months longer than beef cattle.)
9
Q
Cattle Breeds:
A
- Holstein
- Jerseys
- Ayrshire
- Guernsey
- Brown Swiss
10
Q
Purpose of Horse Industry.
A
- Contribute quality to lives.
- Competition
- Leisure
- Youth Education
11
Q
Gene G in Horses:
A
- Causes horses to be gray.
- Usually gray as the age- can go completely
- Keeps skin pigmentation
12
Q
Gene E:
A
Controls presence or absence of black hair.
- On either body or points. - ee is some shade of red.
13
Q
Gene A:
A
- distribution of black hair
- If an E horse is Black or bay
- restricts black to points.
- aa is no restriction.
14
Q
Gene W
A
-Unable to form pigment Ww is white.
(Even if has other genes- they are over ruled)
-Double recessive is a LETHAL gene.
15
Q
Breeds of Horses (Basics)
A
- Based on size
- Draft- Diff body structure, heavy, great strength at slow speeds.
- Light- Majority, longer body length.
- Ponies- <14.2 hands (hand is 4 inches)
16
Q
Shire
A
- Draft breed.
- Low temperament, easy going.
- Hauled heavy carriages, beer.
17
Q
Belgian
A
- Popular among Amish.
- Draft
- Red color.
18
Q
Percheron
A
- Popular among Amish.
- Courage
- Hard workers, Draft.
- Elegant movement- lift knees high.
19
Q
Clydesdale
A
- Golden brown, white fluffy feet.
- Draft.
20
Q
North American Spotted Draft.
A
-Painted horse mixed with Belgian, percherons.
21
Q
Arabian
A
- Oldest and purest of all breeds.
- Came from Saudi Arabia
- Diff. face.
- High spirited
- Endurance is high
22
Q
Morgan
A
- 1st american breed.
- Driving and carriage horse (pleasure)
- Multiple use, mixed use.
23
Q
Mustang
A
- Wild horse, tough, smart.
- Rounded up and adopted out.
- Ppl try to break and train.
24
Hanoverian
- Bigger animal but not like draft.
- "Warm bloods"- more of a draft temperament.
- Calm, beautiful movement, elegant.
- bred w/ thoroughbreds to get elegance.
25
Quarter Horse.
- Runs short distance at high speeds.
- Work with cattle.
- Compact short body, heavy hind quarters.
26
Standardbred.
- Harness racing
- Trot and pace
- Can cover a mile in 2 min 3 sec.
- Pull buggies for Amish.
27
Thoroughbred.
- Horse of Kings, British royalty.
- Stamina, speed, jumping, race horse.
- Pure bred (not as pure as arabian), Turkish/Arabian mix.
28
Ponies:
- Welsh Pony
- Shetland Pony
- Chincoteague Pony.
29
Miniature
- Tiny, compact.
- "Driving" purposes
- Go down into mines and pull up heavy carts.
- >36 inches tall
30
4 Basic Notions of Animal Welfare and Animal Right:
1) Maintain basic health of animals
- Feed, air quality, body condition.
2) Reduce pain and distress
- Use anesthetics, reduce bruises, reduce stress, "cold" stress, "heat" stress.
3) Accommodate Natural behaviors
- Nest box for hens.
4) Include natural elements in animal environment
- Natural sunlight
31
What are the three main types of enterprises of goats?
dairy goats, fiber-producing goats, and goats produced for meat.
32
Main factors that contributed to the growth of the meat goat industry:
-importation of new breeds of goats that had superior growth and carcass conformation
-the increase in the U.S. population of people from different cultures, countries, and
religious backgrounds that historically consumed goat meat
33
Range Production
- Range operations produce the majority of lamb and wool in the United States.
- Operations with 500 or more breeding ewes account for about 1% of U.S. producers but have 44% of the total number of ewes.
-Utilizes range lands in US
34
Farm Flock Production
- Farm flock production is defined by the size of the operation
and can be found in any geographic location.
-Farm flocks with fewer than 100 breeding ewes make up 94% of U.S. sheep operations
-Commercial farm flock operations produce primarily lambs for either the traditional meat markets in the United States or the emerging ethnic-market trade.
-Producers desire 150 to 200% lamb weaning rates (ewes have to wean more than 1 lamb so slecta dn breed ewes that produce twins and triplets) to enhance economic returns;
- crossbreeding using prolific breeds is often practiced to achieve this goal.
35
All Purpose or Dual Purpose Breeds (Sheep)
-These breeds are those that have utility as both meat and wool producers and are adapted to diverse environments.
-Classic examples of dual-purpose breeds include the Dorset and Columbia.
36
Dam or Ewe Breeds
These are white-faced breeds of fine-wool type or crosses of fine-wool types.
These breeds contribute traits for good mothering ability, hardiness, good fleece characteristics, and good volume of wool.
These breeds include the Rambouillet, Merino, Targhee, Polypay, Debouillet, and Columbia.
37
Sire or Ram Breeds
These breeds are selected for the growth and meat qualities of their offspring because they are used as to produce lambs for meat (rather than replacement breeding stock) in crossbreeding programs.
38
Dairy Breeds
It is only recently that an interest in dairy sheep has developed in the United States.
39
Hair Sheep Breeds
Not all sheep have wool; to the untrained eye, hair sheep often look
more like goats than sheep
ANFS 101
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
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