1
Q
first person omniscient
A
character in the story who knows all the other thoughts/feelings of the other characters
2
Q
first person limited
A
character in the story who tells the story through their own thoughts, feelings and experiences
3
Q
second person
A
when the narrator tells the story referring to “you”
4
Q
third person omniscient
A
narrator knows all the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of the other characters
5
Q
third person limited
A
narrator tells story from thought and experiences of a single character
6
Q
third person objective
A
narrator describes what is happening in the story without using the thoughts or feelings of other characters
7
Q
topic
A
main subject of the story that the author discusses
8
Q
theme
A
abstract/controlling idea of the literary work the author wants to convey
9
Q
dominant narrative
A
most important, powerful, or influential accounts of events, the voices most heard or stories most told
10
Q
counter narrative
A
a contrast to dominant narratives
11
Q
hegemony
A
leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group
12
Q
normalization
A
the process of bringing/returning something to a normal condition or state
13
Q
ethnocentrism
A
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture
14
Q
assimilation
A
the process of taking in and fully understanding information or ideas; the process of becoming familiar with something
15
Q
acculturation
A
assimilation to a different culture, especially the dominant one
16
Q
antithesis
A
contradictory, a pair of statements or images that contradict one another
ex. this ice cream is nutritionally deficient but spiritually nourishing
17
Q
antagonistic
A
showing or feeling active hostility or oppression toward someone or something
18
Q
pessimistic
A
tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen
19
Q
egocentric
A
thinking only for oneself, without regard for the feeling/desires of others; self-centered
20
Q
savvy
A
shrewd and knowledgeable; having common sense and good judgement
21
Q
propitious
A
giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable
22
Q
inauspicious
A
not conducive to success; uncompromising
23
Q
benevolent
A
well meaning or kindly
24
Q
what are the three aspects of characterization
A
physical, emotional, psychological
25
what does STEAL stand for
speech, thoughts, effect on others, actions, looks
26
what are some things that shape perspective
background, environment, personality traits, relationships
27
perspective
the way narrators, characters, or speakers understand their circumstances
28
allegory
a work of art (story/painting) in which the characters, images, or events act as symbols
29
parable
a simplistic tale told to explain an ethical or spiritual point
30
epigraph
when a poem starts with a quote
31
anaphora
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of clauses, phrases, or sentences; used to create emphasis
32
synecdoche
when a part of something is used to refer to a whole
ex. do you like my new wheels? (referring to a car)
33
parallelism
when similar syntactic patterns repeat in a sentence; used to improve clarity/efficiency of a message
34
synesthesia
the blending of the five senses to describe an object
35
polysyndeton
repetition of conjunctions (and, or, if, for, but)
36
asyndeton
lack of conjunctions
37
allusion
referring to a person, place, event, or idea from another text or from cultural context
38
tone
the general character/attitude of a text
39
mood
the feeling created by the author for the reader, how the text feels to you
40
eros
sexual/passionate love, romantic love
41
philia
friendship/shared goodwill
42
storge
familial love, kind of philia pertaining to parents and their children
43
ludus
playful or uncommitted love
44
agape
universal love, such as the love for people, nature, or God
45
pragma
practical love founded on reason, duty, and one's long-term interests; favors personal qualities, compatibility, shared goals, and making it work
46
philautia
self love, which can be healthy or unhealthy
47
what does diction depend on
topic, purpose, occasion
48
topic
determines the specificity/sophistication of the diction
49
purpose
whether to convince, entertain, amuse, inform, or plead
50
occasion
level of formality, influences appropriate choices
51
what are the five elements of voice
diction, detail, imagery, syntax, tone
52
diction
word choice; foundations of voice, contributes to all the elements of voice
53
detail
facts, observations, incidents; used to develop a topic
54
imagery
verbal representation of sense experience
55
syntax
grammatical sentence structure; controls verbal pacing and focus
56
tone
expressions of attitude; gives voice to its distinctive personality
57
formal writing
largely reserved for scholarly writing and serious prose
58
informal writing
the norm in expository essay, newspapers, fiction, etc
59
colloquial writing
sometimes referred to as slang, borrows from informal speech, typically used to create a certain mood
60
connotation
the meaning associated with or suggested by a word
61
denotation
the literal dictionary definition
62
speaker
the voice heard in a poem/text
63
subject
what is the text about; what topics are covered
64
structure (poem)
the (physical) form of a poem
65
stanza
a paragraph in poetry
66
free verse/free form (poetry)
poetry that has no regular rhyme or rhythm
67
traditional/fixed (poetry)
poetry that has rhyme and rhythm
68
couplet
two consecutive lines that rhyme
69
Achilles's heel
Achilles was dipped into the river Styx to obtain immortality, but was held by the ankle, so it was the only vulnerable part of him; someone's area of particular vulnerability
70
crossing the rubicon
Julius Caeser crossed the river Rubicon to take an irreversible step; means to pass the point of no return, often involved danger
71
sacred cow
cows are considered sacred in Hinduism; refers to something that cannot be interfered with or harmed in any way
72
pearls before swine
during the sermon of the Mount, Jesus said not to "cast your pearls before swine" ; means to give something to people who will appreciate it rather than those who are incapable of appreciating something pf value
73
pound of flesh
from Shakespeare's "Merchant from Venice", Shylock agrees to finance a fleet of ships from Antonio and demands a pound of Antonio's flesh if anything happens to the ships; describes an insistence to be repaid even if repayment will harm the debtor
74
once in a blue moon
a blue moon is the second full moon within a calendar month, usually occurs every 3 years; describes something that occurs very rarely
75
sirens
Greek mythological sea creatures who lure sailors to their deaths on rocky shores by singing an irresistible song, usually depicted as women or half women half bird; anything that tempts a person away from safety and towards a destructive path
76
crocodile tears
believed that crocodiles cry when attacking their victims; means to show false sympathy for someone
77
Gordian knot
Greek king Gordius tied an extremely complex knot and prophesied that whoever who untied would rule all of Asia, Alexander the Great cut through it with his sword; the knot symbolizes a complex problem and cutting through it represents solving the problem in a quick and decisive manner
78
ivory tower
French poetry Alfred de Vigny shut himself in an ivory tower to compose poems; refers to a beautiful but unreachable place, has a negative connotation of being out of touch with reality
79
all that glitters is not gold
proverb from Aristotle; means that just because something looks valuable doesn't mean it actually is, appearances can be deceiving
80
sound and fury
from Shakespeare's Macbeth; refers to great, tumultuous and passionate uproar that is unimportant and meaningless
81
Icarus/fly too close to the sun
Icarus and Daedalus used wax wings to escape Crete, Icarus flew too close to the sun and the wings melted and he fell to his death; means to fail or be destroyed due to lack of caution or ambition
82
Janus
Roman god of gates/doorways, one face looks to the future and the other looks to the past; symbolic of entrances or beginnings, can either be positive or negative
83
left-handed compliment
awkward, clumsy, or doubtful sincerity, sinister side, despite being complimented it is rude or insulting
84
a chip on one's shoulder
young boys used to put a wooden chip on their shoulder and dare others to knock it off and start a fight; a person who is inclined to be resentful or who is looking for an excuse to fight
85
pathos
emotions and feelings
86
ethos
credibility and ethics
87
logos
logic and reasoning
88
comedy play
funny play, first comedies were usually satirical and mocked men in power
89
satyr play
short plays performed on between the acts of tragedy and making fun of the plight of tragic characters
90
tragedy play
deals with large themes of love, loss, pride, the abuse of power, and the relationship between men and gods
91
redlining
a discriminating practice in which financial services are withheld from neighborhoods that have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities
92
gentrification
where low-income, often deteriorating urban neighborhoods see an influx of middle to upper class
93
intergenerational trauma
the transmission of trauma or its legacy, the psychological effects that the trauma experienced by people has on subsequent generations
94
tragic hero
first defined by Aristotle, a hero who is defeated due to a tragic character flaw, must have sympathy of audience and must come to ruin because of flaw
95
catharsis
the process of releasing strong or pent-up emotions through art
96
hamartia
tragic flaw, weak point, fault in character
97
hubris
arrogance that often accompanies greatness
98
romanticism
1790-1850, started by French Revolution, about revolution and radicalism
99
frame narrative
story told by different people/lenses
100
what did romanticism value
purity of art, nature, imagination, emotion, idealism, simplicity
101
what did the enlightenment value
rationality, sophistication, restraint, authority, formal learning, materialism
102
what are the five I's
imagination, intuition, idealism, inspiration, individuality
103
what is Maslow's hierarchy of needs
1 (top). self-actualization
2. self esteem
3. love and belonging
4. safety and security
5. physiological needs
104
what are the four I's of oppression
ideological, interpersonal, institutional, internalized
105
ideological oppression
idea that a group of people is better than others and that the group has the right to control others, elaborated in many ways (intelligence, strength, hard working)
106
interpersonal oppression
person to person, includes racist jokes, beatings, laughing, harassment, and threats, related to power (how we speak/act towards each other)
107
institutional oppression
when institutions or systems reinforce ideology, can be in legal systems, education, public practice, hiring, etc (races in prisons and ratio of races killed by police)
108
internalized oppression
separation within communities, how we internalize the ideas of oppression, when a minority feels disconnected from others in their group
109
euphenism
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt
110
apostrophe
refers to a speech or an address to a person who is not present or to a personified object or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding
111
tantalus
mythological, tantalus was a king who offended the gods, forced to be in a constant state of hunger and thirst (tantalized), means to be offered something desired which is withheld
112
golden calf
biblical, Moses goes up Sinai, people melt gold jewelry to make a golden calf, means something worshiped but not worthy of it
113
tabula rasa
linguistic, latin phrase meaning blank slate, John Locke believed the mind was a blank slate at birth and was filled with knowledge from experiences, means something unmarked or uninfluenced
114
waterloo
historic, refers to the battle of Waterloo where Napoleon suffered a decisive defeat, means a final or crushing defeat often after a long period of success or dominance
115
scheherazade
literary, narrator or Arabian nights, sultan promised to take a new wife and kill her every night after he was cheated on, scheherazade told stories each night and left them unfinished, he kept her alive, means someone who is an excellent storyteller especially one able to keep an audience in suspense
116
white elephant
historical, in Siam/Thailand, king collected white elephants, once he realized they were difficult to take care of he gave them to those who displeased him, means an object that has no use a may represent a financial burden/inconvience
117
dues ex machina
historic, means "god from the machine", in theater it was a machine with a crane attached to harness an actor, means a surprising turn of events that causes everything to end out all right
118
catch 22
from novel by Joseph Heller where a regulation states that an airman can only be relieved from flight duty if they are judged to be insane, but anyone who doesn't want to fly dangerous missions is sane, means an absurd, no win situation
119
skeleton in the closet
refers to unpleasant or embarrassing things a person would prefer to keep hidden
120
fifteen minutes of fame
Andy Warhal said "in the future, everyone will be world famous for fifteen minutes", means when someone gets a great deal of media attention
121
let the cat out of the bag/buy a pig in a poke
farmers would sell pigs in bags called pokes, some would put cats in the bag instead and try to sell them, means a secret being revealed
122
narcissus
mythological, saw his reflection and fell in love with it, falls into pond trying to hold himself, dies of starvation bc he couldn't stop looking at his reflection, means an obsessive focus on oneself
123
NIMBY
"not in my backyard", means while people may be aware of the necessity of some unpleasant realities, they insist those places be located away from where they live
124
metonymy
the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant ex. "the track" for horse racing
125
read the riot act
political, under english common law an unruly crowd had to be read the riot act before action could be taken, means a stern warning that if behavior does not cease, there will be consequences
126
noble savage
literary/political, jean-jacques Rousseau believed all people are born good/innocent, means someone who has not been corrupted by society
127
cassandra
mythological, daughter of a Trojan king and loved by apollo, gave her gift of prophecy but later altered it so that no one would believe her prophecies, means someone who predicts negative outcomes but who is disregarded
128
thirty pieces of silver/betrayed with a kiss
biblical, Judas was offered 30 pieces of silver to betray Jesus, identified him by greeting him with a kiss, means the payment received for an act of treachery/a supposed friend's betrayal
129
non sequitur
means "it does not follow" in Latin, refers to something that's unrelated to what was said before/ a conclusion that does not logically follow
130
Lot's wife/pillar of salt
biblical, god destroyed the cities Sodomond Gamorrah, lot was allowed to escape with his family but his wife looked back and turned into a pillar of salt, means someone who unwisely looks back or disobeys an explicit rule
131
the emperor's new clothes
emperor hired tailors to make him new clothes, tailor said that the clothes were invisible to anyone unfit to rule, wears the "clothes" which are actually nothing in a parade, no one except a child admits that they cannot see the clothes
132
sword of damocles
mythological, damocles was a courtier of a Greek king who always told the king how lucky he was, damocles was seated in the kings seat at a banquet under a sword tied to a string to experience what is was really like being king, means awareness of impending danger
133
litototes
a type of understatement in which a positive statement is expressed by a negative statement ex. "not bad" = "good" and "she's not ugly" = "she's pretty"
134
emjambment
when a line ends but the idea/sentence continues on the next line (in poetry)
135
meter (poetry)
basic rhythmic structure of a verse (lines in a verse)
136
1 foot (poetry)
2 syllables
137
iamb
unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
138
iambic pentameter
follows da Dum, da DUM pattern/rhythm, each pair of syllables is an iambic foot
139
epistolery
written in the form of letters
ETHS English 2HP
flashcards
Decks in class (7)
# Cards
