Final Exam Flashcards by Pateyn Privett

Common name of Lolium perenne

Perennial Ryegrass

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Common name of Festuca rubra

Creeping Red Fescue

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Common name of Agrostis stolonifera

Creeping bentgrass

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Common name of Eremochloa ophiuroides

Centipede

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Common name of Poa annua

Annual Bluegrass

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Common name of Cynodon dactylon

Bermudagrass

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Common name of Paspalum vaginatum

Seashore paspalum

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Common name of Stenotaphrum secundatum

St. Augustine

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Common name of Festuca arundinacea

Tall Fescue

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Common name of Lolium multiflorum

Annual Ryegrass

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Common name of Poa trivialis

Rough bluegrass

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Common name of Poa pratensis

Kentucky bluegrass

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Common name of Buchloe dactyloides

Buffalograss

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Common name of Zoysia japonica

Zoysiagrass

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Scientific name of Perennial Ryegrass

Lolium perenne

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Scientific name of Creeping Red Fescue

Festuca rubra

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Scientific name of Creeping Bentgrass

Agrostis stolonifera

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Scientific name of Centipede

Eremochloa ophiurodes

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Scientific name of Annual Bluegrass

Poa annua

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Scientific name of Bermudagrass

Cynodon dactylon

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Scientific name of Seashore paspalum

Paspalum vaginatum

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Scientific name of St. Augustine

Stenotaphrum secundatum

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Scientific name of Tall Fescue

Festuca arundinacea

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Scientific name of Annual Ryegrass

Lolium multiflorum

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Scientific name of Rough Bluegrass

Poa trivialis

Scientific name of Kentucky Bluegrass

Poa pratensis

Scientific name of Buffalograss

Buchloe dactyloides

Scientific name of Zoysiagrass

Zoysia japonica

Cool-season or warm-season: Annual Bluegrass

Cool-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Annual Ryegrass

Cool-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Bermudagrass

Warm-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Buffalograss

Warm-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Centipede

Warm-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Creeping bentgrass

Cool-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Creeping Red Fescue

Cool-season

Cool-season or warm-season: Kentucky Bluegrass

Cool-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: Perennial Ryegrass

Cool-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: Poa Trivialis

Cool-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: Seashore Paspalum

Warm-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: St. Augustine

Warm-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: Tall Fescue

Cool-Season

Cool-season or warm-season: Zoysiagrass

Warm-Season

Growth habit: Annual Bluegrass

Bunch

Growth habit: Annual Ryegrass

Bunch

Growth habit: Bermudagrass

Spreading: Rhizomes, Stolons

Growth habit: Buffalograss

Spreading: Stolons

Growth habit: Centipede

Spreading: Stolons

Growth habit: Kentucky Bluegrass

Spreading: Rhizomes

Growth habit: Perennial Ryegrass

Bunch

Growth habit: St. Augustine

Spreading: Stolons

Growth habit: Tall Fescue

Bunch

Growth habit: Zoysiagrass

Spreading: Rhizomes, Stolons

All turgrasses fall under the general category of: A. Monocot B. Dicot C. Perennial D. Annual E. All of the Above F. None of the Above

A. Monocot

A modified turgrass stem that grows above-ground describes a: A. Rhizome B. Stolon C. Tiller D. Inflorescence E. None of the Above

B. Stolon

Dark green color turfgrasses can be altered by: A. Plant genetics B. Nitrogen fertilization C. Iron fertilization D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

The ability of a turf to support a ball for play is called: A. Smoothness B. Elasticity C. Hardness D. Rigidity E. None of the above

D. Rigidity

Which of the following grasses would be best used in a high temperature environment? A. Fine fescue B. Creeping bentgrass C. Annual bluegrass D. Bermudagrass E. Perennial ryegrass

D. Bermudagrass

Which of the following grasses would be best used in a salty environment? A. Seashore Paspalum B. Perennial Ryegrass C. Kentucky Bluegrass D. Tall Fescue E. All can be used in salty environments

A. Seashore Paspalum

The primary growing point at the base of a grass plant is called the: A. Pseudostem B. Tiller C. Culm D. Crown E. None of the Above

D. Crown

In warm-season grasses, maximum growth is observed: A. In the fall and spring B. During the summer C. During the early spring D. Under shaded conditions E. None of the above

B. During the summer

The stump meter is used to measure: A. The speed of putting greens B. The slope of putting greens C. The growth rate on putting greens D. None of the above

A. The speed of putting greens B

Turfgrass density refers to: A. The number of shoots per unit area B. The width of the leaf blades C. The color and texture of the turf D. The ability of the turf to support play E. None of the above

A. The number of shoots per unit area B

In cool-season grasses, maximum growth is observed: A. During the summer B. During the fall and spring C. During the winder D. In dry conditions E. Both b and d

B. During the fall and spring C

Which sport is the most widely-played in the world? A. Golf B. Football C. Baseball D. Soccer E. Lacrosse

D. Soccer

The primary reason that turf is used on roadsides is A. Ease of maintenance B. Erosion control C. It is pretty D. Safety E. It is the only thing that will grow

D. Safety

The energy storage part of a grass seed is called the: A. Endosperm B. Crown C. Coleoptile D. Coleorhizae E. Pericarp F. None of the above

A. Endosperm

Photosynthesis in a vegetative grass occurs primarily in the: A. Leaf blade B. Tiller C. Sheath D. Crown E. Roots

A. Leaf blades C

Which of the following grasses would be adapted to South Arkansas only? A. Bermudagrass B. Zoysiagrass C. Centipedegrass D. Tall Fescue

C. Centipedegrass

A weakness of Bermudagrass is: A. Not shade-tolerant B. Susceptible to winterkill C. Invasive D. All of the Above E. None of the Above

D. All of the Above

Which of the following grasses would NOT be a good choice for sports fields? A. Kentucky bluegrass B. Perennial ryegrass C. Bermudagrass D. Zoysiagrass E. All would be good choices

D. Zoysiagrass

Tall fescue is primarily used in Arkansas for: A. Golf course fairways B. Home lawns in S. Arkansas C. Home lawns in N. Arkansas D. Sports fields throughout Arkansas E. None of the above

C. Home lawns in N. Arkansas

Which of the following grasses would be a good choice for putting greens in Arkansas? A. Creeping bentgrass B. Fine fescue C. Seashore paspalum D. Perennial ryegrass E. All of the above F. None of the above

A. Creeping bentgrass

The climatic region where both cool and warm-season grasses will grow is called the: A. Temperate zone B. Tropical zone C. Neutral zone D. Boundary zone E. None of the above

E. None of the above

In nature, grasses are commonly found in which of the following environments? A. Cold environments B. Wet environments C. Dry environments D. Salty environments E. None of the above

C. Dry environments

The width of turfgrass leaves is referred to as: A. Quality B. Density C. Texture D. Broadness E. None of the above

C. Texture

Which of the following are common ways to plant turfgrasses? A. Seed B. Sprigs C. Sod D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

True/ False: Annual bluegrass can produce an outstanding putting green surface in cool, mild climates.

True

True/ False: Grasses are primarily pollinated by insects such as honeybees.

False

True/ False: Dr. Richardson considers Bermudagrass to be the best lawn in Arkansas.

False

True/ False: Bermudagrass is the only widely-used turfgrass that is native to the USA.

False

True/ False: Creeping bentgrass is primarily used on putting greens in cooler climates

True

True/ False: In Arkansas, perennial ryegrass is primarily used as an overseeding grass on dormant Bermudagrass sports fields.

True

True/ False: Annual ryegrass is often added to seed mixtures of cool-season grasses to promote rapid germination and prevent soil erosion.

True

True/ False: In monocots, cell division and elongation occur above the growing point.

True

True/ False: Annual bluegrass will produce an excellent lawn in the cool climates.

False

True/ False: Tall fescue is more adapted to southern climates than fine fescue.

True

True/ False: Buffalograss is not considered to be a drought tolerant grass.

False

True/ False: Zoysiagrass has better shade tolerance than Bermudagrass.

True

True/ False: The major use for Poa trivialis is for over-seeding dormant Bermudagrass greens.

True

True/ False: Turf is defined as a community of grass plants under frequent mowing.

True

True/ False: Warm-season grasses are more shade-tolerant than cool-season grasses.

False

True/ False: Turfgrasses have a great capacity to capture carbon from the atmosphere and potentially reduce greenhouse gasses.

True

True/ False: Kentucky bluegrass is not well-adapted to very low heights of cut like fairways and putting greens.

True

True/ False: Buffalograss is a dioecious plant, which means that each plant is either a male or female.

True

True/ False: Turfgrass quality is generally measured as clipping yield per acre

False

True/ False: Hybrid bermudagrasses must be planted vegetatively as they do not produce viable seed.

True

True/ False: Sodding is the most common way to establish Zoysiagrass lawns.

True

True/ False: Centipedegrass is considered a high-maintenance turfgrass.

False

True/ False: The turfgrass root system is produced on an annual basis, which enhances carbon sequestration.

True

True/ False: Monocots are the only type of plants that can persist in a lawn

False

True/ False: Thathc is more of problem on spreading grasses compared to bunch-type grasses.

True

True/ False: Turfgrass areas in the US will continue to expand as long as urbanization expands.

True

True/ False: Turfgrass smoothness is often influences by the mowing quality.

True

True/ False: Turfgrass elasticity is reduced under drought conditions.

True

True/ False: Thatch is an intermingled organic layer of partially decomposed shoots, stems, and roots that develops between the green turf canopy and the soil surface.

True

True/ False: Grasses are known for their deep, fibrous root system.

True

True/ False: Thatch accumulation is not a problem on sand-based putting greens because the sand is so well-drained.

False

True/ False: Zoysiagrass sod is more expensive than Bermudagrass because it takes much longer to produce.

True

True/ False: Sand is often used on sports fields and putting greens because it resists compaction.

True

True/ False: The GS3 device from the USGA will measure both the speed of the greens and the smoothness of the greens.

True

True/ False: If a bunch grass turf is damaged and needs repair, it will have to be reseeded to recover from the damage.

True

List 2 advantages and disadvantages of synthetic turf fields

Advantages: - Less long-term maintenance - Looks good 12 months a year - Good all-weather surface Disadvantages: - High temperatures - Potential health concerns (injuries, infections, cancer) - very high upfront cost usually mitigates maintenance savings - Not a biological system, so contaminates like blood and vomit don’t degrade.

Sedges as weeds are a sign of _____ in turf.

Wet soils / over-watering

Goose grass as a weed in turf is a sign of:

Compacted soils

Clovers as a weed in turf are a sign of :

Low nitrogen fertility

Spurge as a weed in turf is a sign of :

Dry soils

Moss as a weed in turf is a sign of:

Wet soils/ over-watering

Pathrush as a weed in turf is a sign of:

Compacted soils

For best results with pre-emergent herbicides, you should: A. Apply before weed seed germination B. Water heavily after application C. Apply with fertilizers D. Never water to prevent leaching E. None of the above

A. Apply before weed seed germination

Glyphosate (Roundup) is an example of a: A. Selective herbicide B. Non-selective herbicide C. Pre-emergent herbicide D. None of the above

B. Non-selective herbicide

Which of the following types of cultivation would be the most disruptive to the turf surface: A. Hollow-tine aerification B. Deep, solid-tine aerification C. Shallow, solid-tine aerification D. Water injection E. Air injection

A. Hollow-tine aerification

Cultivation practices could benefit which of the following problems: A. Compacted soils B. Poor drainage C. Excessive thatch D. Black layer E. All of above F. None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are considered primary cultural practices for turf? A. Hollow-tine cultivation B. Mowing C. Top dressing D. Rolling E. Verticutting F. None of the above G. All of the above

B. Mowing

Top dressing is used for which of the following? A. Reduce thatch B. Protect crowns C. Smooth putting greens D. None of the above E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Common reasons that weeds invade turfgrass sites include: A. Poorly-adapted turfgrass on the site B. Damage from other pests or mechanical damages C. Poor irrigation or fertilizer management D. None of the above E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Rolling on putting greens is primarily used to: A. Compact the soil B. Eliminate thatch C. Control growth of the grass D. Smooth the surface E. None of the above

D. Smooth the surface

Returning clippings to a lawn will do which of the following : A. Add nutrients to the soil B. Increases thatch C. Increases disease activity D. None of the above E. All of the above

A. Add nutrients to the soil

An irrigation audit will tell you two things about your system. Which are they? A. Irrigation cost ($/ gal) B. Irrigation rate (in/ hr) C. Distribution uniformity D. How long to run the system each time

B and C

A herbicide that will kill any plant it is sprayed on

Non-selective herbicide

A chemical used to suppress the growth of turfgrasses to reduce mowing

Plant Growth Regulator

A herbicide that is translocated in the plant

Systemic herbicide

A herbicide that kills a specific weed without harming the turf

Selective herbicide

A herbicide that only kills what it touches

Contact herbicide

A herbicide that prevents weed seeds from germinating

Pre-emergent

A herbicide that should be sprayed on weeds that are already growing in the turf.

Post-emergent

A herbicide that will kill any plant it is sprayed on

Non-selective herbicide

A dicot weed- can usually be controlled with selective herbicides

Broadleaf weed

A pesticide used to kill weeds

Herbicide

A plant growing where it is not wanted

Weed

A plant that grows form seed each year and completes its life cycle in one season

Annual

Evaporation of water from plant leaves

Transpiration

An adjustment factor used to convert evapotranspiration into water use.

Crop coefficient

A holistic approach to controlling pests which uses improved plant genetics and good cultural practices to minimize pest problems.

Integrated pest management

The amount of water (depth) evaporated from an open surface over a given time period.

Pan evaporation

The amount of water applied per unit of time.

Irrigation rate

The rate at which water is absorbed into a soil.

Infiltration rate

The temperature at night when the air is saturated with moisture.

Dew point

Water required for growth plus water transpired or evaporated

Evapotranspiration

Will use vegetative structures such as bulbs or rhizomes to persist from year to year.

Perennial

True/ False: Perennial weeds are more difficult to control in turf than annual weeds.

True

True/ False: Striping occurs when mowing because th mower is blowing the leaves away from its path

False

True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides should be applied around May 1 in NW Arkansas to control the crabgrass.

False

True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides can be applied in the winter (Dec-Jan) and still have the same effect on spring crabgrass control.

True

True/ False: The best defense against weeds is thick, healthy turfgrass.

True

True/ False: Perennial weeds, like nutsedge, should be controlled with postemergence, rather than preemergence herbicides.

True

True/ False: Verticutting is primarily used to mechanically remove thatch from a turfgrass site.

True

True/ False: Crabgrass requires light to germinate, so thick turf will greatly suppress crabgrass germination.

Ture

True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides are often applied attach to a fertilizer - this is th best approach to apply these products to a warm-season lawn like Bermudagrass.

False

True/ False: The optimum time of day to irrigate turf is late in the afternoon.

False

True/ False: When you reduce the mowing height of the turf, the roots will get longer.

False

True/ False: Solid-tine cultivation is often used to enhance air and gas exchange in the soil.

True

True/ False: A flail mower is a popular choice to mow difficult areas like roadsides.

True

True/ False: The number one mistake when using pre-emergent herbicides is to apply the herbicide after the weeds have germinated.

True

True/ False: It is important to identify the weed you wish to kill to select a good herbicide.

True

True/ False: Perennial weeds such as nutsedge, which have a large storage organ, are often difficult to control with a single herbicide application.

True

True/ False: Raising the mowing height on your lawn will reduce the frequency that you have to mow it.

True

True/ False: Returning the clipping to the soil when mowing should be avoided as it will lead to thatch problems.

False

True/ False: Robotic mowers have become increasingly popular due to the labor shortages that are being experienced in all aspects of turf management.

True

True/ False: You should alter the patterns that you mow your lawn to reduce compaction patterns in the lawn.

Ture

True/ False: Plant growth regulators can extend the longevity of painted lines on athletic fields.

True

True/ False: When mowing turf, you should never remove more than 1/2 of the leaf blades.

False

True/ False: Hover mowers are primarily used to mow around sand bunkers and bodies of water on golf courses.

True

True/ False: Plant growth regulators can help reduce the risk of scalping the turf with a mower.

True

True/ False: Small weeds are easier to kill than large weeds.

True

True/ False: The most common type of irrigation for a home landscape is a block (zone) system.

True

True/ False: If a sprinkler head throws water 30 ft, the sprinklers should be placed 30 ft apart.

True

True/ False: The best time to core-cultivate Bermudagrass is in the middle of summer.

True

True/ False: Warm-season grasses are more prone to scalping because of the lack of shade tolerance.

True

True/ False: Sedges are identified by their hollow-round stem.

False

True/ False: If you want to maintain your lawn at a 2” height of cut, you should never let the grass get more than 3” tall before cutting it.

True

True/ False: White clover could be a valuable weed in a lawn because it can provide nitrogen to the turf and pollinator habitat for bees.

True

True/ False: It is important to know th common chemical name of herbicides, as that might allow you to find a cheaper version of the same chemical.

True

Pressure from excess water that forces water through the soil

Hydraulic head

Excessive removal of turf leaves by close mowing

Scalping

A fertilizer source that has its origins in plant or animal products

Organic fertilizer

A measure of the compaction of a soil

Bulk density

Those chemical elements that plants cannot exist without

Essential plant nutrients

A fertilizer whose primary nitrogen form is NH4+, which causes the pH to decrease when absorbed

Acidic fertilizer

The forces that hold water in small soil pores

Capillary forces

Movement of nutrients or other chemical through the soil, typically do to excess water

Leaching

Application of nutrients to the plant leaves for uptake through the leaves.

Foliar fertilization

Size range of particles in the soil - refers to the amount of sand, silt, and clay

Soil Texture

A fertilizer whose primary nitrogen form is NO3-, which causes the pH to increase when absorbed

Alkaline fertilizer

A measure of the soil’s ability to retain nutrients

Cation Exchange Capacity

When establishing grasses form seed, which of the following is true? A. The final product will not be as good as sod B. Timing of planting is more crucial than sod C. It is more expensive than sod D. Weeds will be less challenging E. None of the above F. All of the above

B. Timing of planting is more crucial than sod

Nutrients can be lost from a turfgrass system by: A. Leaching B. Gaseous loss C. Clipping removal D. None of the above E. All of the above

E. All of the above

The optimum pH for turfgrasses is: A. Slightly acidic B. Very acidic C. Neutral D. Alkaline E. Acid/ Base

A. Slightly Acidic

The soil chemical factors that are best determined by a soil test are: A. pH, P, and K B. N and P C. Soil N D. None of the above

A. pH, P, and K

Which of the following forces affects water movement in a USGA putting green? A. Gravity B. Hydraulic head (pressure) C. Capillary force D. All of the above E. None of the above

All of the above

A “Texas bushel” is define as: A. 1.5 cubic yards B. Amount of sprigs harvested from 1.0 square yard C. 1.25 Georgia bushels D. 1.25 cubic feet E. None of the above

D. 1.25 cubic feet

Soil gases are primarily held in: A. Large soil pores B. Small soil pores C. Cation exchange sites D. Organic matter E. Thatch

A. Large soil pores B

When preparing an area for turfgrass establishment, repeat applications of a non-selective herbicide such as roundup to control weeds is called: A. Fumigation B. Soil sterilization C. Herbicide fallow D. None of the above

C. Herbicide fallow

How much of the total annual nitrogen fertilizer for a cool-season turf should be applied in the fall? A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25% E. Cool-season grasses should not be fertilized in fall

B. 75%

The smallest component of a typical, agricultural soil is A. Minerals B. Organic matter C. Air D. Water

B. Organic matter

Nitrogen should be applied to turf based on: A. Soil test values B Recommendations from the fertilizer salesman C. Performance expectations D. None of the above

C. Performance expectations

If a bag of grass seed has more than one species, it is called a: A. Coated seed B. Complex seed C. Seed mixture D. Seed blend

C. Seed mixture

The amount of sand, silt, and clay in a soil is referred to as the: A. Soil bulk density B. Soil pH C. Cation exchange capacity D. None of the above

D. None of the above

Which of the following nutrients is needed in the highest quantities by the plant? A. Boron B. Manganese C. Nitrogen D. Zinc E. None of the above

C. Nitrogen

A fertilizer must contain a guaranteed analysis on the bag like 13-13-13. What do these 3 numbers represent? A. %N - %P - %K B. %N20 - %P2O - %K C. %N - %P2O5 - %K2O D. %N2O - %P2O - %K2O

C. %N - %P2O5 - %K20

True/ False: The optimum growing medium for a putting green is a silt-loam soil.

False

True/ False: The California method of greens construction is the second most popular method after the USGA method.

True

True/ False: Slow-release fertilizers have a lower burn potential than soluble fertilizers.

True

True/ False: A benefit of soluble fertilizers is they cost less than slow-release fertilizers.

True

True/ False: A soil pH of 7.0 would be considered neutral

True

True/ False: The recommended slope for surface drainage on a football field is 1-2%.

True

True/ False: Particle sizes of clay are larger than sand

False

True/ False: Sand is used in putting green and sports field construction because it resists compaction.

True

True/ False: All of the elements a turfgrass needs are obtained from the soil.

False

True/ False: Some nutrients may become unavailable if the soil pH is too low or too high.

True

True/ False: Sand has a lower bulk density than clay

True

True/ False: A USGA green is both well drained and can hold water

True

True/ False: True organic fertilizers should contain no more than 6-7% nitrogen.

True

True/ False: Bulk density is defined as the weight of a volume of dry soil

True

True/ False: If the depth of the root zone in a USGA green is greater than 12 inches, the root zone will be drier.

True

True/ False: New sod should be fertilized heavily with nitrogen to get the sod to root properly.

False

True/ False: The major difference between the USGA method of greens construction and the California method of greens construction is the presence of the gravel blanket.

True

True/ False: Straw mulch is primarily used when seeding turfgrass to prevent erosion.

True

True/ False: Organic amendments such as peat moss are often added to a sand-based athletic field or green to increase the nutrient-holding capacity/

True

True/ False: Small turfgrass seeds, such as creeping bentgrass, may need to be mixed with a “carrier” to make it easier to spread.

True

True/ False: One of the reasons that the California method of greens construction is often used over the USGA method is that is cheaper to build.

True

True/ False: chemical slow-release fertilizers will release nutrients better under cool temperatures compared to warm temperatures.

False

True/ False: Soluble nitrogen fertilizer will provide longer turf responses than slow-release fertilizers.

False

True/ False: A soil nutrient that has a negative charge is called an anion.

True

True/ False: If the depth of the root zone is increased in a USGA green, it will be drier than desired.

True

True/ False: The best time to seed a fescue lawn in NW Arkansas is early spring.

False

True/ False: Nitrogen fertilizers are primarily applied during those periods when the grasses are actively growing.

True

True/ False: Clay soils will hold more nutrients than sandy soils

True

True/ False: The primary force that holds water in a USGA green is gravity.

False

True/ False: When seeding turfgrasses, pre-emergent herbicides cannot be used at the time of seeding.

True

True/ False: True “organic” fertilizer will have less than 6% nitrogen.

True

True/ False: A broadcast seeder will apply seed more accurately than a drop seeder.

False

True/ False: Plugging is a common method to establish cool-season grasses.

False

True/ False: Larger seeds will require lower seeding rates than smaller seeds.

False

True/ False: Soluble fertilizers will have a higher cost than slow-release fertilizers

False

True/ False: Big-roll sod is commonly used on athletic fields to provide better footing.

True

True/ False: Very soluble fertilizers like urea have a higher salt index and burn potential than slow-release fertilizers or organic fertilizers.

True

True/ False: One of the main advantages of soluble fertilizers is that the turf will respond quickly to the fertilizer.

True

Which of the following is most likely to be played on synthetic turf? A. Baseball B. Tennis C. Golf D. Football E. Softball

D. Football

Which of the following traits defines turf and distinguishes it from other grassland ecosystems? A. Located in urban areas B. Frequent mowing C. Tolerant of shade D. None of the above

B. Frequent mowing

Which of the following sports events is the most widely watched in the world? A. Super Bowl B. Wimbledon C. World Cup Soccer D. The Masters E. The World Series

C. World Cup Soccer D

True/ False: Dr. Richardson was on the faculty of Oregon State University before coming to Arkansas.

False

True/ False: Synthetic turf has been associated with increased injuries compared to natural turf fields.

True

True/ False: Turfgrass color can be affected by both genetics and management.

True

True/ False: The elasticity of turf is reduced when the turf is frozen or drought-stressed.

True

True/ False: The number of turfgrass shoots/ area soil is referred to as density.

True

True/ False: Mowers can be used to create unique patterns in the turf.

True

True/ False: Grasses can sequester large amounts of carbon in the soil because they produce an extensive, fibrous root system each year.

True

True/ False: Turfgrasses are monocots, which means they produce 2 seedling leaves with germinating.

False

The device used to measure the speed of the a putting green is called a:

Stimpmeter

True/ False: The growing point on a Monocot is located at the base of the plant, near the soil line.

True

True/ False: In grasses, photosynthesis primarily occurs in the stolons and rhizomes.

False

True/ False: A Stolon is a modified stem that grows beneath the soil

False

True/ False: bunch-type turfgrasses can also produce stolons and/ or rhizomes.

False

True/ False: The silks on an ear of corn are each attached to a single ovary.

True

True/ False: The outer covering on a grass seed is very fibrous, which deters other things from trying to eat it.

True

True/ False: A downside of spreading grasses is that they can be invasive into unwanted areas like landscape beds.

True

The growing zone between temperate and tropical, where both cool- and warm- season grasses will grow is called ______

The transition zone

If you seed a botanical name like Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon represents the _____

Genus

True/ False: Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass are well adapted across the entire state of Arkansas.

True

True/ False: Bermudagrass is great for shaded lawns.

False

True/ False: Kentucky bluegrass is the most commonly used cool-season grass for lawns in Arkansas.

False

True/ False: Annual ryegrass is often used in lawn mixtures to hasten establishment and prevent erosion.

True

True/ False: Perennial ryegrass is primarily used in Arkansas for overseeding dormant athletic fields or golf courses.

True

Which of the following pieces of information are found on the seed label? A. % of each grass B. % germination C. Presence of weeds D. Date the seed was tested E. All of the above F. None of the above

E. All of the above

True/ False: The best time to seed cool-season grasses like fescue is early fall (sep)

True

True/ False: All turfgrasses should be seeded to a density of 1000-2000 plants/ square foot.

True

When overseeding, you should use (lower/ higher) seeding rates.

Higher

The USGA method putting green construction has 3 major components. What are they and their depth in order from top to bottom?

Sand - 12 inches Gravel Blanket - 4 inches Drainage Pipe

True/ False: Any sand can be used to build a USGA green.

False

True/ False: Organic amendments are often added to a sand-based athletic field or green to increase the nutrient-holding capacity.

True

In Arkansas, where should you take a soil sample for chemical analysis?

County Extension Office

Which of the following should be done with taking soil sample from a landscape? A. Sample areas separately if they have different soils or management B. Obtain several small samples form an area and mix them C. Remove the thatch and organic matter from the soil D. None of the above E. All of the above

E. All of the above

True/ False: Clipping yields can be used as an indicator to determine if nutrients are sufficient.

True

True/ False: The grasses used for turf came from areas of the world that were being grazed by wild and/ or domesticated animals

True

True/ False: A flail mower is a popular choice to mow putting greens.

False

True/ False: Battery-powered (electric) mowers are often used to minimize noise to surrounding properties.

True

True/ False: Robotic mowers are typically used for mowing small areas such as lawns, but larger models have been developed to help maintain areas of golf courses and other properties.

True

Hybrid powered mowers (petroleum and battery powered) are popular on sites that have hilly terrain.

True

True/ False: A flail mower will be easily damaged if it strikes an object such as a rock or large limb.

False

True/ False: PGR’s can reduce the edging that will need to be done on spreading grasses.

True

How is evaporation affected by the following (increase, decrease, or unchanged): 1. Decreased air temperature 2. Decreased relative humidity 3. Increased wind speed 4. Increased solar radiation

1. Decreased 2. Increased 3. Increased 4. Increased

True/ False: isolation valves are important in large irrigation systems because they make repairs easier.

True

True/ False: The dew point is where the air is saturated with moisture

True

True/ False: Sandy soils have slower infiltration rates than clay soils.

False

True/ False: The best time to irrigate turf is late at night or early in the morning.

True

True/ False: Core aerification will affect the putting green surface smoothness more than air injection cultivation.

True

True/ False: If you are attempting to smooth a putting green surface, you should apply top dressing sand.

True

True/ False: The best time to cultivation a warm-season grass would be either very early spring or late in the fall.

False

Integrated weed management programs should include: A. Keeping border areas weed-free B. Cleaning equipment after mowing weedy areas C. Make sure mulch and top-dressing are weed free D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

Weed invasion can be enhanced by: A. Wrong turfgrass species B. Damage from pests C. Environmental stress D. Poor management E. All of the above

E. All of the above

True/ False: Perennial weeds can produce seeds, but will also regrow each year from a storage organ like a bulb or rhizome.

True

Final Exam Flashcards

(303 cards)