Final Exam Flashcards

(303 cards)

1
Q

Common name of Lolium perenne

A

Perennial Ryegrass

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2
Q

Common name of Festuca rubra

A

Creeping Red Fescue

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3
Q

Common name of Agrostis stolonifera

A

Creeping bentgrass

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4
Q

Common name of Eremochloa ophiuroides

A

Centipede

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5
Q

Common name of Poa annua

A

Annual Bluegrass

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6
Q

Common name of Cynodon dactylon

A

Bermudagrass

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7
Q

Common name of Paspalum vaginatum

A

Seashore paspalum

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8
Q

Common name of Stenotaphrum secundatum

A

St. Augustine

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9
Q

Common name of Festuca arundinacea

A

Tall Fescue

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10
Q

Common name of Lolium multiflorum

A

Annual Ryegrass

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11
Q

Common name of Poa trivialis

A

Rough bluegrass

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12
Q

Common name of Poa pratensis

A

Kentucky bluegrass

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13
Q

Common name of Buchloe dactyloides

A

Buffalograss

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14
Q

Common name of Zoysia japonica

A

Zoysiagrass

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15
Q

Scientific name of Perennial Ryegrass

A

Lolium perenne

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16
Q

Scientific name of Creeping Red Fescue

A

Festuca rubra

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17
Q

Scientific name of Creeping Bentgrass

A

Agrostis stolonifera

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18
Q

Scientific name of Centipede

A

Eremochloa ophiurodes

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19
Q

Scientific name of Annual Bluegrass

A

Poa annua

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20
Q

Scientific name of Bermudagrass

A

Cynodon dactylon

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21
Q

Scientific name of Seashore paspalum

A

Paspalum vaginatum

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22
Q

Scientific name of St. Augustine

A

Stenotaphrum secundatum

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23
Q

Scientific name of Tall Fescue

A

Festuca arundinacea

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24
Q

Scientific name of Annual Ryegrass

A

Lolium multiflorum

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25
Scientific name of Rough Bluegrass
Poa trivialis
26
Scientific name of Kentucky Bluegrass
Poa pratensis
27
Scientific name of Buffalograss
Buchloe dactyloides
28
Scientific name of Zoysiagrass
Zoysia japonica
29
Cool-season or warm-season: Annual Bluegrass
Cool-season
30
Cool-season or warm-season: Annual Ryegrass
Cool-season
31
Cool-season or warm-season: Bermudagrass
Warm-season
32
Cool-season or warm-season: Buffalograss
Warm-season
33
Cool-season or warm-season: Centipede
Warm-season
34
Cool-season or warm-season: Creeping bentgrass
Cool-season
35
Cool-season or warm-season: Creeping Red Fescue
Cool-season
36
Cool-season or warm-season: Kentucky Bluegrass
Cool-Season
37
Cool-season or warm-season: Perennial Ryegrass
Cool-Season
38
Cool-season or warm-season: Poa Trivialis
Cool-Season
39
Cool-season or warm-season: Seashore Paspalum
Warm-Season
40
Cool-season or warm-season: St. Augustine
Warm-Season
41
Cool-season or warm-season: Tall Fescue
Cool-Season
42
Cool-season or warm-season: Zoysiagrass
Warm-Season
43
Growth habit: Annual Bluegrass
Bunch
44
Growth habit: Annual Ryegrass
Bunch
45
Growth habit: Bermudagrass
Spreading: Rhizomes, Stolons
46
Growth habit: Buffalograss
Spreading: Stolons
47
Growth habit: Centipede
Spreading: Stolons
48
Growth habit: Kentucky Bluegrass
Spreading: Rhizomes
49
Growth habit: Perennial Ryegrass
Bunch
50
Growth habit: St. Augustine
Spreading: Stolons
51
Growth habit: Tall Fescue
Bunch
52
Growth habit: Zoysiagrass
Spreading: Rhizomes, Stolons
53
All turgrasses fall under the general category of: A. Monocot B. Dicot C. Perennial D. Annual E. All of the Above F. None of the Above
A. Monocot
54
A modified turgrass stem that grows above-ground describes a: A. Rhizome B. Stolon C. Tiller D. Inflorescence E. None of the Above
B. Stolon
55
Dark green color turfgrasses can be altered by: A. Plant genetics B. Nitrogen fertilization C. Iron fertilization D. All of the above E. None of the above
D. All of the above
56
The ability of a turf to support a ball for play is called: A. Smoothness B. Elasticity C. Hardness D. Rigidity E. None of the above
D. Rigidity
57
Which of the following grasses would be best used in a high temperature environment? A. Fine fescue B. Creeping bentgrass C. Annual bluegrass D. Bermudagrass E. Perennial ryegrass
D. Bermudagrass
58
Which of the following grasses would be best used in a salty environment? A. Seashore Paspalum B. Perennial Ryegrass C. Kentucky Bluegrass D. Tall Fescue E. All can be used in salty environments
A. Seashore Paspalum
59
The primary growing point at the base of a grass plant is called the: A. Pseudostem B. Tiller C. Culm D. Crown E. None of the Above
D. Crown
60
In warm-season grasses, maximum growth is observed: A. In the fall and spring B. During the summer C. During the early spring D. Under shaded conditions E. None of the above
B. During the summer
61
The stump meter is used to measure: A. The speed of putting greens B. The slope of putting greens C. The growth rate on putting greens D. None of the above
A. The speed of putting greens B
62
Turfgrass density refers to: A. The number of shoots per unit area B. The width of the leaf blades C. The color and texture of the turf D. The ability of the turf to support play E. None of the above
A. The number of shoots per unit area B
63
In cool-season grasses, maximum growth is observed: A. During the summer B. During the fall and spring C. During the winder D. In dry conditions E. Both b and d
B. During the fall and spring C
64
Which sport is the most widely-played in the world? A. Golf B. Football C. Baseball D. Soccer E. Lacrosse
D. Soccer
65
The primary reason that turf is used on roadsides is A. Ease of maintenance B. Erosion control C. It is pretty D. Safety E. It is the only thing that will grow
D. Safety
66
The energy storage part of a grass seed is called the: A. Endosperm B. Crown C. Coleoptile D. Coleorhizae E. Pericarp F. None of the above
A. Endosperm
67
Photosynthesis in a vegetative grass occurs primarily in the: A. Leaf blade B. Tiller C. Sheath D. Crown E. Roots
A. Leaf blades C
68
Which of the following grasses would be adapted to South Arkansas only? A. Bermudagrass B. Zoysiagrass C. Centipedegrass D. Tall Fescue
C. Centipedegrass
69
70
A weakness of Bermudagrass is: A. Not shade-tolerant B. Susceptible to winterkill C. Invasive D. All of the Above E. None of the Above
D. All of the Above
71
Which of the following grasses would NOT be a good choice for sports fields? A. Kentucky bluegrass B. Perennial ryegrass C. Bermudagrass D. Zoysiagrass E. All would be good choices
D. Zoysiagrass
72
Tall fescue is primarily used in Arkansas for: A. Golf course fairways B. Home lawns in S. Arkansas C. Home lawns in N. Arkansas D. Sports fields throughout Arkansas E. None of the above
C. Home lawns in N. Arkansas
73
Which of the following grasses would be a good choice for putting greens in Arkansas? A. Creeping bentgrass B. Fine fescue C. Seashore paspalum D. Perennial ryegrass E. All of the above F. None of the above
A. Creeping bentgrass
74
The climatic region where both cool and warm-season grasses will grow is called the: A. Temperate zone B. Tropical zone C. Neutral zone D. Boundary zone E. None of the above
E. None of the above
75
In nature, grasses are commonly found in which of the following environments? A. Cold environments B. Wet environments C. Dry environments D. Salty environments E. None of the above
C. Dry environments
76
The width of turfgrass leaves is referred to as: A. Quality B. Density C. Texture D. Broadness E. None of the above
C. Texture
77
Which of the following are common ways to plant turfgrasses? A. Seed B. Sprigs C. Sod D. All of the above E. None of the above
D. All of the above
78
True/ False: Annual bluegrass can produce an outstanding putting green surface in cool, mild climates.
True
79
True/ False: Grasses are primarily pollinated by insects such as honeybees.
False
80
True/ False: Dr. Richardson considers Bermudagrass to be the best lawn in Arkansas.
False
81
True/ False: Bermudagrass is the only widely-used turfgrass that is native to the USA.
False
82
True/ False: Creeping bentgrass is primarily used on putting greens in cooler climates
True
83
True/ False: In Arkansas, perennial ryegrass is primarily used as an overseeding grass on dormant Bermudagrass sports fields.
True
84
True/ False: Annual ryegrass is often added to seed mixtures of cool-season grasses to promote rapid germination and prevent soil erosion.
True
85
True/ False: In monocots, cell division and elongation occur above the growing point.
True
86
True/ False: Annual bluegrass will produce an excellent lawn in the cool climates.
False
87
True/ False: Tall fescue is more adapted to southern climates than fine fescue.
True
88
True/ False: Buffalograss is not considered to be a drought tolerant grass.
False
89
True/ False: Zoysiagrass has better shade tolerance than Bermudagrass.
True
90
True/ False: The major use for Poa trivialis is for over-seeding dormant Bermudagrass greens.
True
91
True/ False: Turf is defined as a community of grass plants under frequent mowing.
True
92
True/ False: Warm-season grasses are more shade-tolerant than cool-season grasses.
False
93
True/ False: Turfgrasses have a great capacity to capture carbon from the atmosphere and potentially reduce greenhouse gasses.
True
94
True/ False: Kentucky bluegrass is not well-adapted to very low heights of cut like fairways and putting greens.
True
95
True/ False: Buffalograss is a dioecious plant, which means that each plant is either a male or female.
True
96
True/ False: Turfgrass quality is generally measured as clipping yield per acre
False
97
True/ False: Hybrid bermudagrasses must be planted vegetatively as they do not produce viable seed.
True
98
True/ False: Sodding is the most common way to establish Zoysiagrass lawns.
True
99
True/ False: Centipedegrass is considered a high-maintenance turfgrass.
False
100
True/ False: The turfgrass root system is produced on an annual basis, which enhances carbon sequestration.
True
101
True/ False: Monocots are the only type of plants that can persist in a lawn
False
102
True/ False: Thathc is more of problem on spreading grasses compared to bunch-type grasses.
True
103
True/ False: Turfgrass areas in the US will continue to expand as long as urbanization expands.
True
104
True/ False: Turfgrass smoothness is often influences by the mowing quality.
True
105
True/ False: Turfgrass elasticity is reduced under drought conditions.
True
106
True/ False: Thatch is an intermingled organic layer of partially decomposed shoots, stems, and roots that develops between the green turf canopy and the soil surface.
True
107
True/ False: Grasses are known for their deep, fibrous root system.
True
108
True/ False: Thatch accumulation is not a problem on sand-based putting greens because the sand is so well-drained.
False
109
True/ False: Zoysiagrass sod is more expensive than Bermudagrass because it takes much longer to produce.
True
110
True/ False: Sand is often used on sports fields and putting greens because it resists compaction.
True
111
True/ False: The GS3 device from the USGA will measure both the speed of the greens and the smoothness of the greens.
True
112
True/ False: If a bunch grass turf is damaged and needs repair, it will have to be reseeded to recover from the damage.
True
113
List 2 advantages and disadvantages of synthetic turf fields
Advantages: - Less long-term maintenance - Looks good 12 months a year - Good all-weather surface Disadvantages: - High temperatures - Potential health concerns (injuries, infections, cancer) - very high upfront cost usually mitigates maintenance savings - Not a biological system, so contaminates like blood and vomit don’t degrade.
114
Sedges as weeds are a sign of _____ in turf.
Wet soils / over-watering
115
Goose grass as a weed in turf is a sign of:
Compacted soils
116
Clovers as a weed in turf are a sign of :
Low nitrogen fertility
117
Spurge as a weed in turf is a sign of :
Dry soils
118
Moss as a weed in turf is a sign of:
Wet soils/ over-watering
119
Pathrush as a weed in turf is a sign of:
Compacted soils
120
For best results with pre-emergent herbicides, you should: A. Apply before weed seed germination B. Water heavily after application C. Apply with fertilizers D. Never water to prevent leaching E. None of the above
A. Apply before weed seed germination
121
Glyphosate (Roundup) is an example of a: A. Selective herbicide B. Non-selective herbicide C. Pre-emergent herbicide D. None of the above
B. Non-selective herbicide
122
Which of the following types of cultivation would be the most disruptive to the turf surface: A. Hollow-tine aerification B. Deep, solid-tine aerification C. Shallow, solid-tine aerification D. Water injection E. Air injection
A. Hollow-tine aerification
123
Cultivation practices could benefit which of the following problems: A. Compacted soils B. Poor drainage C. Excessive thatch D. Black layer E. All of above F. None of the above
All of the above
124
Which of the following are considered primary cultural practices for turf? A. Hollow-tine cultivation B. Mowing C. Top dressing D. Rolling E. Verticutting F. None of the above G. All of the above
B. Mowing
125
Top dressing is used for which of the following? A. Reduce thatch B. Protect crowns C. Smooth putting greens D. None of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
126
Common reasons that weeds invade turfgrass sites include: A. Poorly-adapted turfgrass on the site B. Damage from other pests or mechanical damages C. Poor irrigation or fertilizer management D. None of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
127
Rolling on putting greens is primarily used to: A. Compact the soil B. Eliminate thatch C. Control growth of the grass D. Smooth the surface E. None of the above
D. Smooth the surface
128
Returning clippings to a lawn will do which of the following : A. Add nutrients to the soil B. Increases thatch C. Increases disease activity D. None of the above E. All of the above
A. Add nutrients to the soil
129
An irrigation audit will tell you two things about your system. Which are they? A. Irrigation cost ($/ gal) B. Irrigation rate (in/ hr) C. Distribution uniformity D. How long to run the system each time
B and C
130
A herbicide that will kill any plant it is sprayed on
Non-selective herbicide
131
A chemical used to suppress the growth of turfgrasses to reduce mowing
Plant Growth Regulator
132
A herbicide that is translocated in the plant
Systemic herbicide
133
A herbicide that kills a specific weed without harming the turf
Selective herbicide
134
A herbicide that only kills what it touches
Contact herbicide
135
A herbicide that prevents weed seeds from germinating
Pre-emergent
136
A herbicide that should be sprayed on weeds that are already growing in the turf.
Post-emergent
137
A herbicide that will kill any plant it is sprayed on
Non-selective herbicide
138
A dicot weed- can usually be controlled with selective herbicides
Broadleaf weed
139
A pesticide used to kill weeds
Herbicide
140
A plant growing where it is not wanted
Weed
141
A plant that grows form seed each year and completes its life cycle in one season
Annual
142
Evaporation of water from plant leaves
Transpiration
143
An adjustment factor used to convert evapotranspiration into water use.
Crop coefficient
144
A holistic approach to controlling pests which uses improved plant genetics and good cultural practices to minimize pest problems.
Integrated pest management
145
The amount of water (depth) evaporated from an open surface over a given time period.
Pan evaporation
146
The amount of water applied per unit of time.
Irrigation rate
147
The rate at which water is absorbed into a soil.
Infiltration rate
148
The temperature at night when the air is saturated with moisture.
Dew point
149
Water required for growth plus water transpired or evaporated
Evapotranspiration
150
Will use vegetative structures such as bulbs or rhizomes to persist from year to year.
Perennial
151
True/ False: Perennial weeds are more difficult to control in turf than annual weeds.
True
152
True/ False: Striping occurs when mowing because th mower is blowing the leaves away from its path
False
153
True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides should be applied around May 1 in NW Arkansas to control the crabgrass.
False
154
True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides can be applied in the winter (Dec-Jan) and still have the same effect on spring crabgrass control.
True
155
True/ False: The best defense against weeds is thick, healthy turfgrass.
True
156
True/ False: Perennial weeds, like nutsedge, should be controlled with postemergence, rather than preemergence herbicides.
True
157
True/ False: Verticutting is primarily used to mechanically remove thatch from a turfgrass site.
True
158
True/ False: Crabgrass requires light to germinate, so thick turf will greatly suppress crabgrass germination.
Ture
159
True/ False: Pre-emergent herbicides are often applied attach to a fertilizer - this is th best approach to apply these products to a warm-season lawn like Bermudagrass.
False
160
True/ False: The optimum time of day to irrigate turf is late in the afternoon.
False
161
True/ False: When you reduce the mowing height of the turf, the roots will get longer.
False
162
True/ False: Solid-tine cultivation is often used to enhance air and gas exchange in the soil.
True
163
True/ False: A flail mower is a popular choice to mow difficult areas like roadsides.
True
164
True/ False: The number one mistake when using pre-emergent herbicides is to apply the herbicide after the weeds have germinated.
True
165
True/ False: It is important to identify the weed you wish to kill to select a good herbicide.
True
166
True/ False: Perennial weeds such as nutsedge, which have a large storage organ, are often difficult to control with a single herbicide application.
True
167
True/ False: Raising the mowing height on your lawn will reduce the frequency that you have to mow it.
True
168
True/ False: Returning the clipping to the soil when mowing should be avoided as it will lead to thatch problems.
False
169
True/ False: Robotic mowers have become increasingly popular due to the labor shortages that are being experienced in all aspects of turf management.
True
170
True/ False: You should alter the patterns that you mow your lawn to reduce compaction patterns in the lawn.
Ture
171
True/ False: Plant growth regulators can extend the longevity of painted lines on athletic fields.
True
172
True/ False: When mowing turf, you should never remove more than 1/2 of the leaf blades.
False
173
True/ False: Hover mowers are primarily used to mow around sand bunkers and bodies of water on golf courses.
True
174
True/ False: Plant growth regulators can help reduce the risk of scalping the turf with a mower.
True
175
True/ False: Small weeds are easier to kill than large weeds.
True
176
True/ False: The most common type of irrigation for a home landscape is a block (zone) system.
True
177
True/ False: If a sprinkler head throws water 30 ft, the sprinklers should be placed 30 ft apart.
True
178
True/ False: The best time to core-cultivate Bermudagrass is in the middle of summer.
True
179
True/ False: Warm-season grasses are more prone to scalping because of the lack of shade tolerance.
True
180
True/ False: Sedges are identified by their hollow-round stem.
False
181
True/ False: If you want to maintain your lawn at a 2” height of cut, you should never let the grass get more than 3” tall before cutting it.
True
182
True/ False: White clover could be a valuable weed in a lawn because it can provide nitrogen to the turf and pollinator habitat for bees.
True
183
True/ False: It is important to know th common chemical name of herbicides, as that might allow you to find a cheaper version of the same chemical.
True
184
Pressure from excess water that forces water through the soil
Hydraulic head
185
Excessive removal of turf leaves by close mowing
Scalping
186
A fertilizer source that has its origins in plant or animal products
Organic fertilizer
187
A measure of the compaction of a soil
Bulk density
188
Those chemical elements that plants cannot exist without
Essential plant nutrients
189
A fertilizer whose primary nitrogen form is NH4+, which causes the pH to decrease when absorbed
Acidic fertilizer
190
The forces that hold water in small soil pores
Capillary forces
191
Movement of nutrients or other chemical through the soil, typically do to excess water
Leaching
192
Application of nutrients to the plant leaves for uptake through the leaves.
Foliar fertilization
193
Size range of particles in the soil - refers to the amount of sand, silt, and clay
Soil Texture
194
A fertilizer whose primary nitrogen form is NO3-, which causes the pH to increase when absorbed
Alkaline fertilizer
195
A measure of the soil’s ability to retain nutrients
Cation Exchange Capacity
196
When establishing grasses form seed, which of the following is true? A. The final product will not be as good as sod B. Timing of planting is more crucial than sod C. It is more expensive than sod D. Weeds will be less challenging E. None of the above F. All of the above
B. Timing of planting is more crucial than sod
197
Nutrients can be lost from a turfgrass system by: A. Leaching B. Gaseous loss C. Clipping removal D. None of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
198
The optimum pH for turfgrasses is: A. Slightly acidic B. Very acidic C. Neutral D. Alkaline E. Acid/ Base
A. Slightly Acidic
199
The soil chemical factors that are best determined by a soil test are: A. pH, P, and K B. N and P C. Soil N D. None of the above
A. pH, P, and K
200
Which of the following forces affects water movement in a USGA putting green? A. Gravity B. Hydraulic head (pressure) C. Capillary force D. All of the above E. None of the above
All of the above
201
A “Texas bushel” is define as: A. 1.5 cubic yards B. Amount of sprigs harvested from 1.0 square yard C. 1.25 Georgia bushels D. 1.25 cubic feet E. None of the above
D. 1.25 cubic feet
202
Soil gases are primarily held in: A. Large soil pores B. Small soil pores C. Cation exchange sites D. Organic matter E. Thatch
A. Large soil pores B
203
When preparing an area for turfgrass establishment, repeat applications of a non-selective herbicide such as roundup to control weeds is called: A. Fumigation B. Soil sterilization C. Herbicide fallow D. None of the above
C. Herbicide fallow
204
How much of the total annual nitrogen fertilizer for a cool-season turf should be applied in the fall? A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25% E. Cool-season grasses should not be fertilized in fall
B. 75%
205
The smallest component of a typical, agricultural soil is A. Minerals B. Organic matter C. Air D. Water
B. Organic matter
206
Nitrogen should be applied to turf based on: A. Soil test values B Recommendations from the fertilizer salesman C. Performance expectations D. None of the above
C. Performance expectations
207
If a bag of grass seed has more than one species, it is called a: A. Coated seed B. Complex seed C. Seed mixture D. Seed blend
C. Seed mixture
208
The amount of sand, silt, and clay in a soil is referred to as the: A. Soil bulk density B. Soil pH C. Cation exchange capacity D. None of the above
D. None of the above
209
Which of the following nutrients is needed in the highest quantities by the plant? A. Boron B. Manganese C. Nitrogen D. Zinc E. None of the above
C. Nitrogen
210
A fertilizer must contain a guaranteed analysis on the bag like 13-13-13. What do these 3 numbers represent? A. %N - %P - %K B. %N20 - %P2O - %K C. %N - %P2O5 - %K2O D. %N2O - %P2O - %K2O
C. %N - %P2O5 - %K20
211
True/ False: The optimum growing medium for a putting green is a silt-loam soil.
False
212
True/ False: The California method of greens construction is the second most popular method after the USGA method.
True
213
True/ False: Slow-release fertilizers have a lower burn potential than soluble fertilizers.
True
214
True/ False: A benefit of soluble fertilizers is they cost less than slow-release fertilizers.
True
215
True/ False: A soil pH of 7.0 would be considered neutral
True
216
True/ False: The recommended slope for surface drainage on a football field is 1-2%.
True
217
True/ False: Particle sizes of clay are larger than sand
False
218
True/ False: Sand is used in putting green and sports field construction because it resists compaction.
True
219
True/ False: All of the elements a turfgrass needs are obtained from the soil.
False
220
True/ False: Some nutrients may become unavailable if the soil pH is too low or too high.
True
221
True/ False: Sand has a lower bulk density than clay
True
222
True/ False: A USGA green is both well drained and can hold water
True
223
True/ False: True organic fertilizers should contain no more than 6-7% nitrogen.
True
224
True/ False: Bulk density is defined as the weight of a volume of dry soil
True
225
True/ False: If the depth of the root zone in a USGA green is greater than 12 inches, the root zone will be drier.
True
226
True/ False: New sod should be fertilized heavily with nitrogen to get the sod to root properly.
False
227
True/ False: The major difference between the USGA method of greens construction and the California method of greens construction is the presence of the gravel blanket.
True
228
True/ False: Straw mulch is primarily used when seeding turfgrass to prevent erosion.
True
229
True/ False: Organic amendments such as peat moss are often added to a sand-based athletic field or green to increase the nutrient-holding capacity/
True
230
True/ False: Small turfgrass seeds, such as creeping bentgrass, may need to be mixed with a “carrier” to make it easier to spread.
True
231
True/ False: One of the reasons that the California method of greens construction is often used over the USGA method is that is cheaper to build.
True
232
True/ False: chemical slow-release fertilizers will release nutrients better under cool temperatures compared to warm temperatures.
False
233
True/ False: Soluble nitrogen fertilizer will provide longer turf responses than slow-release fertilizers.
False
234
True/ False: A soil nutrient that has a negative charge is called an anion.
True
235
True/ False: If the depth of the root zone is increased in a USGA green, it will be drier than desired.
True
236
True/ False: The best time to seed a fescue lawn in NW Arkansas is early spring.
False
237
True/ False: Nitrogen fertilizers are primarily applied during those periods when the grasses are actively growing.
True
238
True/ False: Clay soils will hold more nutrients than sandy soils
True
239
True/ False: The primary force that holds water in a USGA green is gravity.
False
240
True/ False: When seeding turfgrasses, pre-emergent herbicides cannot be used at the time of seeding.
True
241
True/ False: True “organic” fertilizer will have less than 6% nitrogen.
True
242
True/ False: A broadcast seeder will apply seed more accurately than a drop seeder.
False
243
True/ False: Plugging is a common method to establish cool-season grasses.
False
244
True/ False: Larger seeds will require lower seeding rates than smaller seeds.
False
245
True/ False: Soluble fertilizers will have a higher cost than slow-release fertilizers
False
246
True/ False: Big-roll sod is commonly used on athletic fields to provide better footing.
True
247
True/ False: Very soluble fertilizers like urea have a higher salt index and burn potential than slow-release fertilizers or organic fertilizers.
True
248
True/ False: One of the main advantages of soluble fertilizers is that the turf will respond quickly to the fertilizer.
True
249
Which of the following is most likely to be played on synthetic turf? A. Baseball B. Tennis C. Golf D. Football E. Softball
D. Football
250
Which of the following traits defines turf and distinguishes it from other grassland ecosystems? A. Located in urban areas B. Frequent mowing C. Tolerant of shade D. None of the above
B. Frequent mowing
251
Which of the following sports events is the most widely watched in the world? A. Super Bowl B. Wimbledon C. World Cup Soccer D. The Masters E. The World Series
C. World Cup Soccer D
252
True/ False: Dr. Richardson was on the faculty of Oregon State University before coming to Arkansas.
False
253
True/ False: Synthetic turf has been associated with increased injuries compared to natural turf fields.
True
254
True/ False: Turfgrass color can be affected by both genetics and management.
True
255
True/ False: The elasticity of turf is reduced when the turf is frozen or drought-stressed.
True
256
True/ False: The number of turfgrass shoots/ area soil is referred to as density.
True
257
True/ False: Mowers can be used to create unique patterns in the turf.
True
258
True/ False: Grasses can sequester large amounts of carbon in the soil because they produce an extensive, fibrous root system each year.
True
259
True/ False: Turfgrasses are monocots, which means they produce 2 seedling leaves with germinating.
False
260
The device used to measure the speed of the a putting green is called a:
Stimpmeter
261
True/ False: The growing point on a Monocot is located at the base of the plant, near the soil line.
True
262
True/ False: In grasses, photosynthesis primarily occurs in the stolons and rhizomes.
False
263
True/ False: A Stolon is a modified stem that grows beneath the soil
False
264
True/ False: bunch-type turfgrasses can also produce stolons and/ or rhizomes.
False
265
True/ False: The silks on an ear of corn are each attached to a single ovary.
True
266
True/ False: The outer covering on a grass seed is very fibrous, which deters other things from trying to eat it.
True
267
True/ False: A downside of spreading grasses is that they can be invasive into unwanted areas like landscape beds.
True
268
The growing zone between temperate and tropical, where both cool- and warm- season grasses will grow is called ______
The transition zone
269
If you seed a botanical name like Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon represents the _____
Genus
270
True/ False: Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass are well adapted across the entire state of Arkansas.
True
271
True/ False: Bermudagrass is great for shaded lawns.
False
272
True/ False: Kentucky bluegrass is the most commonly used cool-season grass for lawns in Arkansas.
False
273
True/ False: Annual ryegrass is often used in lawn mixtures to hasten establishment and prevent erosion.
True
274
True/ False: Perennial ryegrass is primarily used in Arkansas for overseeding dormant athletic fields or golf courses.
True
275
Which of the following pieces of information are found on the seed label? A. % of each grass B. % germination C. Presence of weeds D. Date the seed was tested E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
276
True/ False: The best time to seed cool-season grasses like fescue is early fall (sep)
True
277
True/ False: All turfgrasses should be seeded to a density of 1000-2000 plants/ square foot.
True
278
When overseeding, you should use (lower/ higher) seeding rates.
Higher
279
The USGA method putting green construction has 3 major components. What are they and their depth in order from top to bottom?
Sand - 12 inches Gravel Blanket - 4 inches Drainage Pipe
280
True/ False: Any sand can be used to build a USGA green.
False
281
True/ False: Organic amendments are often added to a sand-based athletic field or green to increase the nutrient-holding capacity.
True
282
In Arkansas, where should you take a soil sample for chemical analysis?
County Extension Office
283
Which of the following should be done with taking soil sample from a landscape? A. Sample areas separately if they have different soils or management B. Obtain several small samples form an area and mix them C. Remove the thatch and organic matter from the soil D. None of the above E. All of the above
E. All of the above
284
True/ False: Clipping yields can be used as an indicator to determine if nutrients are sufficient.
True
285
True/ False: The grasses used for turf came from areas of the world that were being grazed by wild and/ or domesticated animals
True
286
True/ False: A flail mower is a popular choice to mow putting greens.
False
287
True/ False: Battery-powered (electric) mowers are often used to minimize noise to surrounding properties.
True
288
True/ False: Robotic mowers are typically used for mowing small areas such as lawns, but larger models have been developed to help maintain areas of golf courses and other properties.
True
289
Hybrid powered mowers (petroleum and battery powered) are popular on sites that have hilly terrain.
True
290
True/ False: A flail mower will be easily damaged if it strikes an object such as a rock or large limb.
False
291
True/ False: PGR’s can reduce the edging that will need to be done on spreading grasses.
True
292
How is evaporation affected by the following (increase, decrease, or unchanged): 1. Decreased air temperature 2. Decreased relative humidity 3. Increased wind speed 4. Increased solar radiation
1. Decreased 2. Increased 3. Increased 4. Increased
293
True/ False: isolation valves are important in large irrigation systems because they make repairs easier.
True
294
True/ False: The dew point is where the air is saturated with moisture
True
295
True/ False: Sandy soils have slower infiltration rates than clay soils.
False
296
True/ False: The best time to irrigate turf is late at night or early in the morning.
True
297
True/ False: Core aerification will affect the putting green surface smoothness more than air injection cultivation.
True
298
True/ False: If you are attempting to smooth a putting green surface, you should apply top dressing sand.
True
299
300
True/ False: The best time to cultivation a warm-season grass would be either very early spring or late in the fall.
False
301
Integrated weed management programs should include: A. Keeping border areas weed-free B. Cleaning equipment after mowing weedy areas C. Make sure mulch and top-dressing are weed free D. All of the above E. None of the above
D. All of the above
302
Weed invasion can be enhanced by: A. Wrong turfgrass species B. Damage from pests C. Environmental stress D. Poor management E. All of the above
E. All of the above
303
True/ False: Perennial weeds can produce seeds, but will also regrow each year from a storage organ like a bulb or rhizome.
True