Final Exam

Question 1

What is the population of Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 1

1.1 billion

Question 2

What is the current urbanization rate and projected rate by 2050?

Answer 2

Current: 44%
2050: 70% or higher

Question 3

What countries have the lowest urban rates in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 3

Burundi
Ethiopia
Malawi
Rwanda
Somalia
South Sudan
Uganda

Question 4

Between now and 2050, ____% of the world population will be born in this region.

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

_________ will be the 3rd most populous country in the world.

Answer 5

Nigeria

Question 6

What is the largest lake in the Sub-Saharan region?

Answer 6

Lake Victoria

Question 7

What is the highest mountain in the Sub-Saharan region?

Answer 7

Mount Kilimanjaro (5,900 meters)

Question 8

What region of Sub-Saharan Africa is the Great Rift Valley Located?
North, South, East, or West

Answer 8

East

Question 9

T/F: The Great Rift Valley is characterized as a massive tectonic system of depressions, steep cliffs, and fault lines marked by active volcanoes, unique lakes and waterfalls, diverse landscapes.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: Most of Africa is vast series of plateaus.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F: Sub-Saharan Africa has a series of waterways inland that are interconnected by railroads and highways.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: The waterways in Sub-Saharan Africa has great potential for hydroelectric (dams) energy.

Answer 12

True (However, the countries cannot utilize these waterways)

Question 13

T/F: Much of Africa is dry and drought prone

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: Drought is a persistent problem in Sahel, yet the Sahelian ecosystems have high resilience.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F: In Mauritania, Sahel, a traditional technique called “Half-moons” is used to reduce water runoff and trap the scarce rain inside.

Answer 15

True; this has allowed communities to increase water infiltration and improve food and fodder production.

Question 16

T/F: Cattle raising has been rare along the equator due to the disease called ‘nagana’ (because of ‘tsetse flies’)

Answer 16

True, goats and poultry are more common in the savanna

Question 17

What are the four culture hearths?

Answer 17

Ethiopian Plateau
West African savanna
West African forest
Forest-savanna boundary of West Central Africa

Question 18

What are the six official languages used by the African Union?

Answer 18

Arabic
English
French
Portuguese
Spanish
Swahili

Question 19

What are the three broad language groups in Africa?

Answer 19

1. Niger-Congo (largest, many West African languages & Bantu subfamily including Zulu and
   Swahili)
2. Afro-Asiatic (Arabic, Amharic, Hausa and Somali)
3. Khoisan (western part of South Africa, Khoekhoe & Xhosa, known for ‘clicking sound’)

Question 19

T/F: Spiritualism is strong throughout the region

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F: Islam is the dominant religion in North Africa with the exception of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: Other dominant religions in the region are Sunni Islam, Christianity, Indigenous African religions, Animism.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F: The first slavery system in sub-Saharan Africa was put into place by Arab merchants (since 7th CE)

Answer 22

True –> used camel caravan routes and coastal trading ports on Indian Ocean

Question 23

T/F: Since the 16th century, the European/American Slave trade was the largest in scale.

Answer 23

True –> Key Info:
- European slave forts on Atlantic coasts
- Local middlemen raided interior ‘Middle belt’ for slaves
- Transatlantic slave trade peaked between 1700 and 1870
- Estimated 10-12 million enslaved Africans traded, more than 10 million others probably died

Question 24

What is the 'Triangular Trade'?

Answer 24

Three-leg sea routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas primarily for the transatlantic slave trade, involving manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved people to the Americas, and raw materials (sugar and tobacco) back to Europe. From 16th-19th CE.

Question 25

_________ was the earliest colonial power to build an African empire in 16th CE

Answer 25

Portugal! Followed by Dutch, French, English

Question 26

What is the Conference of Berlin?

Answer 26

A meeting of European colonial powers carving up the continent of Africa without any African representation (1884-1885)

Question 27

T/F: The Mistake of 1914 is the controversial amalgamation of the Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria by the British overlord.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T/F: Infrastructures (roads, bridges, dams, etc.) are improving with growing Chinese investment

Answer 28

True!

Question 29

T/F: Land grabbing attempts were made by East Asian and Arab countries, one example being South Korea's land rent attempt in Madagascar.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What are the 6 Factors of "Resource Curse"?

Answer 30

1. Economic shocks due to volatile market & high dependency 2. MNCs’ unsustainable extraction 3. MNCs’ inadequate management of the facilities & community development 4. MNCs’ tax evasion through transfer pricing 5. Corruption and poor governance 6. High incidence of civil or external conflicts

Question 31

What term is associated with these three characteristics? - Strings attached to loans to promote democratic reforms - Some leaders made just enough concession to win the aid - Others choose to ally with the Soviet Union instead during the cold war era

Answer 31

Donor Democracy

Question 32

T/F: China's trade with sub-Saharan Africa increased nearly 50-fold between 1999 and 2014.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T/F: Infrastructure for mineral swap: mining goes to China in exchange for building infrastructure.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are some of the characteristics of sub-Saharan Africa's weak infrastructures?

Answer 34

- Deficiencies in telecommunications and power supply - Unreliable and costly transportation services - Poor geographic situating of manufacturing centers

Question 35

T/F: Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, Niger, Chad, and Mali were the terrorism hot spots after 9/11.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What are the three terrorism corridors in sub-Saharan Africa?

Answer 36

1. Al-Qa'ida in Northern Africa 2. Boko Haram in Nigeria 3. Al Shabab in Somalia

Question 37

Which terrorist group was responsible for the kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls from school in April 2014, Nigeria?

Answer 37

Boko Haram

Question 38

T/F: Cape Town, South Africa could become the world's first major city to run out of water.

Answer 38

True: water restrictions have been imposed by the city authorities in hopes of helping. Limited to 50L per person per day.

Question 39

T/F: From "Day Zero; how Cape Town stopped the taps running dry," Despite a quarter of impoverished people living in townships, they are thought to use less than 4% of Cape Town's water

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What term is associate with: "The specific creativity born from African difficulty," and "he best solutions are local?"

Answer 40

Kanju

Question 41

T/F: Hutu and Tutsi people speak the same language and share a common culture; their only difference is their level of wealth.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Short Answer: Africa's First World War

Answer 42

In 1998, 9 countries and 20 rebel movements fought primarily over the control of areas with resources (like minerals) of the D.R.C.

Question 43

T/F: Theory of island biogeography (Madagascar); The number of species found on an individual island correlates with the island’s area, with a 10-fold increase in area normally resulting in a doubling of the number of species

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F: Deforestation has reached 90% in the Madagascar, the theory of island biography suggests that half of the island's species have become extinct.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Europe's Subregions: European Core

Answer 45

◦ UK, Ireland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and the microstates of Andorra, Monaco, and Liechtenstein ◦ Generally includes the countries with the largest populations and most important economic and political roles in Europe

Question 46

Europe's Subregions: Northern Europe

Answer 46

Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland

Question 47

Europe's Subregions: Southern Europe

Answer 47

Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, and Cyprus

Question 48

Europe's Subregions: Eastern Europe

Answer 48

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania

Question 49

Short Answer: Urban-industrial belts - Four countries comprise half of Europe's population.

Answer 49

1. Germany (83M) 2. U.K. (67M) 3. France (65M) 4. Italy (60M)

Question 50

Post WWII "Guest workers" came from which country to Germany?

Answer 50

Turkish

Question 51

What plain contains most of Europe's cultivated land?

Answer 51

North European Plain

Question 52

Although Europe has a high latitude, why is the climate so warm?

Answer 52

Westerly Winds

Question 53

What group of people are known for their Nomadic Herding of reindeer in Northern Europe?

Answer 53

The Sami people

Question 54

Short Answer: Devolution

Answer 54

The dispersal of central political powers to ethnic minorities or subnational groups (e.g., Catalonia in Spain) --> struggle for greater self-governance within Spain. Typically done when there is a strong difference in identity and language. Catalonia has a unique language (Catalan) and history)

Question 55

Indo-European Family Groups (3 Total) + Uralic Family:

Answer 55

1. Romance (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese) 2. Germanic (German, English, Dutch, Danish & Swedish) 3. Slavic (Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak & Serbian. Uralic Family (largest Non Indo-European language group) (Finnish, Hungarian, Estonia, Sami

Question 56

The transfer of plants and animals from one place to another following Europe's conquest of the Americas.

Answer 56

The Columbian Exchange