1
Q
What is the ethical principle that emphasizes doing the best for the patient?
A
Beneficence
2
Q
What ethical principle means to do no harm to the patient?
A
Nonmaleficence
3
Q
Exploiting a patient financially by selling the patient an unnecessary assistive device or one at an inflated price is an example of violation of which ethical principle?
A
Nonmaleficence
4
Q
A genuine concern for the physical and psychological welfare of a patient/ client at all times is an example of which ethical principle?
A
Beneficence
5
Q
Which ethical principle states that the health care provider distributes fair and equal treatment to every patient?
A
Justice
6
Q
Name the ethical principle that binds the health care provider and the patient in a relationship to tell the truth?
A
Veracity
7
Q
Advocating to legislatures, regulatory agencies, and insurance companies the need to provide and improve access to necessary health care services for all individuals, is an example of which ethical principle?
A
Justice
8
Q
Which ethical principle requires a health care provider to maintain privacy by not sharing or divulging to a third party privileged or entrusted patient info?
A
Confidentiality
9
Q
Disclosing a patient’s personal information without their consent is a violation of which ethical principle?
A
Confidentiality
10
Q
What is a system of principles governing medical conduct?
A
Medical ethics
11
Q
What is the basis for ethical conduct?
A
Morals
12
Q
What is the establishment of social rules for conduct?
A
Medical law
13
Q
Define health care malpractice?
A
liability-generating conduct on the part of a primary health care professional associated with an adverse outcome of patient care
14
Q
Can a PTA be sued?
A
Yes, but they are covered by the liability of the supervising PT
15
Q
What are examples of PT malpractice acts?
A
Negligence
Faulty supervision of PTAs or nonlicensed personnel
Violation of ethical principles
Other performances that result in harm to the patient
16
Q
What is characterized as failing to do what another competent practitioner would have done under similar circumstances?
A
Negligence
17
Q
PTA places a hot pack on a patient without the standard 6-8 layers.
A
Negligence
Violates Nonmaleficence
18
Q
Which code of ethics principle states a PT shall achieve and maintain professional competence?
A
Principle 5
19
Q
If a therapist does not respect the rights, knowledge, and skills of colleagues and other health care professionals which code of ethics principle are they violating?
A
Principle 11
20
Q
This code of ethics principle states a PT shall provide and make available accurate and relevant information to patients/clients about their care and to the public about PT services.
A
Principle 8
21
Q
Which code of ethics principle requires PTs to exercise sound and professional judgement?
A
Principle 4
22
Q
If a PT fails to respect the rights and dignity of all individuals and provide compassionate care they are violating which code of ethics principle?
A
Principle 1
23
Q
Which code of ethics principle states that a PT shall seek only such remuneration as is deserved and reasonable for physical therapy services?
A
Principle 7
24
Q
How many code of ethics principles are there?
A
11
25
This code of ethics principle requires that a PT protect the public and the profession from unethical, incompetent, and illegal acts?
Principle 9
26
If a PT does not act in a trust worthy manner towards patients, and in all other aspects of PT practice, they are in violation of which code of ethics principle?
Principle 2
27
This code of ethics principle states a PT shall endeavor to address the health needs of society?
Principle 10
28
If a PT does not comply with laws and regulations governing physical therapy and strive to effect changes that benefit the patient, they are in violation of which principle?
Principle 3
29
Which code of ethics principle states that a PT must maintain and promote high standards for PT practice, education, and research?
Principle 6
30
Name the standards of ethical conduct for a PTA
1. Attitude of PTA
2. Trustworthiness, will not exploit patients, truthfulness, and maintenance confidential information
3. Supervisory relationship
4. Supervision and representation
5. Competence, self-assessment, and development
6. Pt. safety, judgments of patient/client status, and gifts and other considerations.
7. Consumer protection and organizational employment
31
What can the ethical principles help therapists to understand?
Identify and clarify moral issues
Evaluate moral reasons and form moral viewpoints
Acquire awareness of alternative viewpoints
Strengthen attitudes of care and respect for patients and oneself
Maintain integrity and act in morally responsible ways
32
What information is included in informed consent
Nature of the procedure
Reasonable alternatives to proposed intervention
Any risks, benefits or uncertainties related to each alternative
Assessment of the patient understanding
Patient's acceptance of intervention
33
________ is required to see the degree of consistency with which an instrument measured a variable
Reliability
34
What is the degree to which one rater can obtain the same rating on multiple occasions of measuring the same variable?
Intrarater reliability
35
_______ describes how meaningful test scores are as they are used for specific purposes. (the degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure)
Validity
36
What are the elements of professionalism?
```
Ethical principles and reasoning
Attitudes of PTs/PTAs
Decision making
Behaviors
Judgements
The relationship of PT/PTA w/ other professionals, and the public
```
37
What are the Core Values?
```
Accountability
Altruism
Compassion/caring
Excellence
Integrity
Professional duty
Social responsibility
```
38
Which core value pertains to the desire to identify with or sense something of another's experience?
Compassion
39
Physical therapy practice that consistently uses current knowledge and theory while understanding personal limits, integrates judgment and the patient perspective, embraces advancement , challenges mediocrity, and works toward development of new knowledge, demonstrates which core value?
Excellence
40
Which core value is characterized as steadfast adherence to high ethical principles or professional standards; truthfulness, fairness, doing what you say you will do, and speaking forth about why you do what you do?
Integrity
41
Concern, empathy, and consideration for the needs and values of others describes which core value?
Caring
42
This core value states an active acceptance of the responsibility for the diverse roles, obligations, and actions of the physical therapist including self regulation and other behaviors that positively influence patient outcomes?
Accountability
43
The promotion of mutual trust between the profession and the larger public that necessitates responding to societal needs for health and wellness describes which core value?
Social responsibility
44
What core value states the commitment to meeting one's obligations to provide effective PT services to patients to serve the profession?
Professional duty
45
The primary regard for or devotion to the interest of patients, thus assuming fiduciary responsibility of placing the needs of the patient ahead of the PT's self interest?
Altruism
46
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
47
Why was HIPAA created?
to establish national standards to protect individuals' medical records and other personal health information.
48
What does the HIPAA privacy rule apply to?
Health plans
Health care clearing-houses
Health care providers that conduct health care transactions electronically
49
Describe the privacy rule?
Appropriate protection of the privacy of personal health information
Sets limits on the uses and disclosures that may be made of such info without patient authorization
Gives patients right over their health info including rights to examine, obtain a copy of their health records, and to request corrections
50
What is Protected Health Info (PHI)?
Individually indentifiable health info in any form (orally, written, or electronic)
51
What is notice of Privacy Practices?
This rule states that the patient has a right to adequate notice of how a covered entity may use and disclose the individual's PHI
52
When is the notice of Privacy Practices given to the patient?
The first day of service, typically during the initial eval
53
What are some examples of safeguards health care providers should take to protect patient info?
Avoid use of pt's name in public hallways
Speaking quietly when discussing a pt's condition in the waiting room w/ pt's fam
Locking file cabinets or record rooms
Requiring additional passwords on computers use by all employees in the facility
54
How many Patient Bill of Rights are there?
7
55
Which Bill of Right says the patient has the right to refuse any and all treatment AND be informed of any medical consequences of their actions
4
56
This bill of right state the pt has the right to considerate and respectful care?
1
57
What bill of right grants the pt the privilege to examine and receive an explanation of benefits (EOB)?
7
58
Which bill of right states that the patient has the right to every consideration of privacy concerning their own medical care program limited only by state statues, rules, regulations, or imminent danger to the individual or others?
5
59
This bill of right says the pt has the right to receive information to make informed consent prior to the start of any procedure or treatment?
3
60
What bill grants the pt the right to be advised if the clinician, hospital, clinic or others propose to engage in or perform human experimentation that affects their care or treatment?
6
61
This bill of right affords the pt the right to obtain complete current info regarding their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis?
2
62
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act?
A nondiscrimination law that prevents discrimination again persons with disabilities in areas of employment, public accommodations, state and local government services, and telecommunications
63
How many titles of the ADA are there?
5
64
What does title one protect people against?
employment discrimination
65
Title II of the ADA protects people against?
discrimination to equal access to public services, including transportation
66
Which title of the ADA protects people against discrimination related to equal access to telecommunication services?
Title 4
67
Title 3 protects people against what?
discrimination related to equal public accommodations, including private businesses and services
68
Title 5 of the ADA protects against?
a miscellaneous section that discusses the ADA's relationship to other federal statues
69
When was the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) first introduced?
1975
70
When was IDEA amended and by who?
1997, Bill Clinton
71
What is the purpose of IDEA
To ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special ed and services designed to meet their needs
To protect the rights of children with disabilities and the parents of these children
To assist states, localities, educational service agencies, and federal agencies to provide education for all children with disabilities
To assist state in the implementation of a statewide, comprehensive, coordinated multidisciplinary, interagency system of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families
To ensure that educators and parents have the necessary tools to improve educational results for children with disabilities
To assess and ensure the effectiveness of education
72
What are licensure laws?
Law enacted by the state, giving all licensees the exclusive right to practice their professions
73
Who do licensure laws protect? What do they protect against?
They protect the consumer against professional incompetence
74
What are the licensure laws for PTs/PTAs?
PTs/PTAs must be licensed
Require graduation from a CAPTE accredited PT or PTA program
Passing score on entry level competency exam
Provide title protection
Allow for disciplinary action
75
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational safety and health administrion
76
How does OSHA assure a safe and healthful work environment?
Authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the OSHA act
Assisting the states in their effort to assure safe work conditions
Providing research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety
77
What does VAWA stand for?
Violence Against Women Act
78
What does the VAWA ask of communities to help victims of domestic violence?
Engaging the media, community, and educators
Ensuring that services are available to those in need
Creating campaigns with a grassroots-organized component
Forming community partnerships
Targeting education and awareness campaigns to young men
Creating partnerships with the media so that antiviolence campaigns continue through changes in media ownership and leadership
Complementing community service campaigns w/ aggressive free media campaigns
Seeking corporate support for media campaigns
Targeting education and awareness campaigns to populations that might not be reached via general outreach
Evaluating public education efforts rigorously
79
How to identify and applying appropriate care to a victim of domestic violence?
```
Observe physical and behavioral cues
Question and validate domestic abuse
Respect victims privacy
Assess and treat
Keep accurate and detailed documentation about the abuse
Support and follow up the victim's care
```
80
What does IPV stand for?
Intimate Partner Violence
81
What are some tactics an abuser may use to attempt to control a health care professionals?
Intimidation
Constant praise of Healthcare professional
Harassment in the form of- repeated phone calls, threats of legal action, false reports to supervisors
Rude behavior
82
What are signs that pt should be screened for IPV?
```
Chronic pain
Injuries during pregnancy
Repeated and chronic injuries
Unattended gynecological problems
Poorly controlled chronic illnesses such as asthma, seizures, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
Physical symptoms related to stress, anxiety, disorders, or depression
Self mutilation
Suicide attempts
Eating disorders
Prescription drug abuse
```
83
What is the APTA vision 2020?
PT will be provided by DPTs
Pts will have direct access to PTs in all environments for pt management, prevention and wellness
PTs will be practitioners of choice in pt health network & hold all privileges of autonomous practice
PTs may be assisted by PTAs
PTs will render evidence based care
PT/PTA provide sensitive care distinguished by trust, respect, and appreciation of cultural differences
PT/PTA continuing to learn new technologies, skills, and study new clinical research
PT/PTA will work to grow the profession
84
APTA student benefits
1. Members only savings
2. Explore new research topics
3. Advice from current PT professionals
4. Find a job
5. Involvement in professional issues
6. Staying current through News Now & PT in motion
7. Connect with other PT professionals
8. Explore 18 special interest sections
9. Build leadership skills
10. Attend APTA sponsored programs & CEU
11. Save 50% on membership after graduation
12. Do your part to ensure best possible future for the profession
85
What is General supervision?
The PT doesn't need to be physically present on site for direction
But they must be available via telecommunications at all times
86
What is direct personal supervision?
PT must be physically present and available at all times to direct and supervise tasks related to patient management
87
APTA recommendations for ongoing communication between supervising PT and PTA?
PT must be accessible at all times via telecommunications while PTA is treating pt
PT/PTA must have regularly scheduled conferences pertaining to pt
88
What does CAPTE stand for?
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education
89
What does CAPTE do?
grants specialized accreditation status to qualified entry level education programs for PT/PTA
90
What is CAPTE's mission?
to serve the public by establishing and applying standards that assure quality and continuous improvement in the entry level preparation of PTs/PTAs
91
What is American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties?
is the governing body for certification and recertification of clinical specialists by coordinating and supervising the specialist certification process
92
What purpose does the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties serve?
Contributes to the identification and development of appropriate areas of specialty in PT
Promotes the highest possible level of care
Promote and develop science and art underlying area of practice
Provide reliable and valid method for cert and recert of individuals with specialty credentials
Help consumers, the community, and other specialists
Serve as a resource for other in the same specialty area
93
What does FSBPT stand for?
Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
94
What does the FSBPT do?
develop and administer the National Physical Therapy Exam for PTs/PTAs
95
Name duties of a PTA?
Reads and reviews w/ PT the eval and POC
If necessary ask PT clarify info about interventions
Review pt data, vitals, pain level
Compares previously collected data- documents pt's progress
Initiate selected interventions
Communicate w/ PT how patient tolerated interventions
Compare initial eval data to how patient responds to interventions
Perform routine operational functions
96
What does part 1 of the Guide to PT Practice include?
```
Pertains to patient management
Exam
Eval
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
PT then develops a POC, identifies goals and outcomes
```
97
What does part 2 of the Guide to PT practice include?
Preferred practice patterns including musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, cardiovascular/pulmonary, & integumentary.
98
Describe a medical diagnosis?
a diagnosis determined by a physician who identifies an illness or disorder in a patient through an interview, physical exam, med tests, and other procedures.
99
Describe a PT diagnosis?
is the end result of evaluating info obtained from the exam, which the PT organizes categories to help determine appropriate intervention strategies
100
What is the importance of a PT diagnosis?
Used to establish the diagnosis for the specific conditions in need for physical therapy. PT findings can be shared w/ other health care providers
101
What are some student benefits being part of the APTA?
employment resources, article search, Guide to PT practice, insurance aid, discounts, involvement opporunties
102
What is CAPTE?
The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) is an accrediting agency that is nationally recognized by the US Department of Education (USDE) and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). CAPTE grants specialized accreditation status to qualified entry-level education programs for physical therapists and physical therapist assistants.
103
What is the role of the federation of state boards?
Provides a standard,national licensure examination score- 1 standard passing score for PT & PTA; holds all PTA & PT to the same entry level standard of competency
104
What is the difference between empathy & sympathy.
Empathy- feel for someone; understand where they are coming from
sympathy- feel sorry for someone
105
What is the purpose of effective listening?
1) gain better knowledge abt. the pt's problems 2) receive better cooperation from the pt & their family 3)solve problz in regard to POC/ interventions 4)to encourage trust & build a therapeutic relationship 5)improve pt treatment encourage feedback
106
Methods of effective listening
effective listening is active listening 1)smile, facial expressions, focus on the pt, take notes, don't interrupt pt, empathize w/ them
107
What are the 5 styles of learning?
1) spatial 2) analytic 3)visual 4)kinesthetic 5)auditory
108
What is an example of a visual learner?
seeing & reading the info, charts diagrams images to study, needs visual aids w/ written info, read info completely & thoroughly
109
Describe the auditory learner
prefers to hear the lecture, listen to instructions, doesn't take notes or read info, read txt out loud in less distracting enivornment
110
Describe a kinesthetic learner
performs tasks by trial & error & manipulating objects, prefers lab work, hands on not reading or writing. Study skills: need to read info intro & summary, during tests don't make hasty decisions
111
Describe the analytical learner
prefers to read/re-read, organize their thoughts & think abt reorganizing the info into charts, lists & study guides. writing the info over & over again
112
Describe the spatial learner
right hemisphere dominant, recongnizing sequence of objects, symbols, events, views the big picture, creative thinker, relies on similar experiences, study-similar info relate to what they know, join study group, allow time to assemble info, look at the complete ? b4 answering it on tests
113
What is the function of the Guide to PT practice ?
part 1=Describes elements of pt/client management part 2= describes the preferred practice patterns for selected pt diagnostic groups
provides universal terminology that assists in documenting the prescribed treatment strategies 4 the pt & outcome responses
aides in development of a treatment program, help PT/pt achieve their desired goals
establishes a balance btw professional education, clinical experience, scientific evidence, encourages colab. btw errybody
114
What are the elements of a research article?
Title & abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion & conclusion
115
What does the title & abstract include?
Title-enganging/informative Abstract- contains specific info abt. purpose, methods, results, & major conclusions
116
Describe what the purpose of the introduction is?
Acquaint the reader with the rationale behind the work, with the intention of defending it. Find out the type of study and hypothesis.
117
Describe what the method of a study is?
Evaluate the validity of the study including info. about subjects, study design, equipment, procedures, data, and data analysis
118
Describe the Results section of a study?
Present and illustrate the research findings
119
Describe the Discussion and Conclusion section of a study?
Interpretation f the study's results and supports the conclusions using evidence from the experiment and generally accepted knowledge
120
Define experimental research?
the researcher uses at least two separate groups of subjects, with random assignment of of subjects to groups.
121
Define non-experimental research?
Type of research where there is no manipulation of an independent variable. The researcher examines records of past phenomena, documents existing phenomena, or observes new phenomena. Examples include case studies, historical research, and qualitative research.
122
What is medicare?
Provider of health care services to individuals 65yr +. Est. in 1965 by social security act. ( <50yr persons with long term disabilities or chronic renal disease, widows 50+ eligible for disability payments)
123
What is medicare part A?
Hospital insurance including skilled nursing, certain home health agency, hospice care
124
What is medicare part B?
Medical insurance part includes dr visits, outpatient services, hospital services, lab work/xrays, certain home health services, medical equipment & supplies (wheelchairs, walkers)
125
What does the center for medicare & medicare services do (CMS)?
Administers the medicare program & in partnership with the states the medicaid program, state children's insurance program, HIPPA & quality standards for health care facilities
126
What is medicaid?
Est. in 1965 part of the social security act, provides medical coverage for low income families, older individuals who are blind or have disabilities & are on supplemental security income, certain low income pregnant women, certain ppl who have very high medical bills
127
List the different scales of measurements
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
128
Describe nominal scale of measurements
similar characteristics; gender, clinical diagnosis, nationality
129
Describe ordinal scale of measurements
classifies & ranks variables in terms of degree in which they have a common characteristic; manual muscle testing (normal,good, fair, poor, trace, zero, pt functional status or pain
130
Describe interval scale of measurments
classifies & ranks variables based on predetermined equal intervals; scores ranging 0-100, temps cel & Fahrenheit
131
Describe ratio scale of measurements
classifies & ranks variables based on equal intervals & a true zero point; ((highest & most precise level of measurement)); scales for height, weight, distance, age, time or goiny measurements
132
How is evidence based used in PT?
Single subject case studies are used, as well as random clinical control trials- investigating the various interventions, treadmill training for various medical diagnoses
133
Why is research important to the profession of PT?
helps establish a body of knowledge for PT, determine the efficacy of PT treatments, improve patient care
134
What is an independent variable?
variable that is manipulated or observed by the researcher; brings change to the independent variable, determines the outcome being evaluated
135
What is an dependent variable?
What was cause for what changed as a result of the study. , depends on the independent variable
PT 101 final
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