Micturition
voiding/urination
How much urine is in the bladder when stretch receptors send signals to the brain?
200ml
At what volume in the bladder will voiding become irresistible?
500-600ml
max vol 700-800ml
after voiding approx how much urine remains in the bladder?
10ml
What are the clinical manifestations that somethings is wrong with the urinary system?
dysuria, difficulty urinating, slow urine stream, decreased urine output, urine retention, feeling of incomplete emptying, frequency and urgency, nocturia, incontinence, hematuria or dark urine, discharge from urethra, pain, swelling
Oligohydromios.
insufficient production of amniotic fluid
Autosomal DOMINENT polycystic kidney disease.
- must out pouches
Autosomal RECESSIVE polycystic kidney disease
- Collecting duct dilated
- fatal due to pulmonary hypoplasia
Autosomal DOMINENT polycystic kidney disease.
- multiple out pouches
- may lead to hypertension, CRF, cycts in other organs (liver)
- symptoms pain, hematuria, htn, kidney stones
Autosomal RECESSIVE polycystic kidney disease
- Collecting duct dilated
- fatal due to pulmonary hypoplasia
What a common cause of death for pt with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
cerebral anuerysm
Simple cysts
- acquired
- singular or mult
- no clinical significance, except differentiating from tumours
Obstructive uropathy.
aka. urinary tract obstruction
- any site along tract
- urine collects proximal to obstruction causing DILATION and URINARY STASIS leading to infection and stone formation
- Impairment if obstruction occurs GREATER THAN 1 Month
What are some causes of obstructive uropathy?
Tumour Kidney stones Infection/inflammation Scar tissue (strictures) Pregnancy Anything pressure Prostate hyperplasia Congenital problems Acquired cysts Muscular neural dysfunction GI tract inflammation
What does urinary stasis predispose you too?
infection and stone formation
Upper urinary tract infection
- above the bladder
- dilation of proximal site, which leads to destruction and atrophy of the renal tissue
- urinary stasis
Hydroureter.
- dilation of ureter due to obstruction
- accumulation of urine
Hydronephrosis.
increase fluid in the kidney due to increase in hydrostatic pressure in the renal pelvis and calyces
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What does a partial bilateral obstruction lead to?
inabilty to concentrate urine (polyuria, nocturia)
- HTN (due to inappropriate renin activation)
What does a chronic partial obstruction lead to?
- compensatory hypertrophy (increased size NOT nephrons)
Post obstructive diuresis.
increased urine production and loss of lg volumes following relief of obstruction
- Due to: salt, and water retention during obstruction
