- for schools that don't operate NSLP - school gets 20.25 cents for each half pint of milk, and if would qualify for free lunch school gets reimbursed for full cost of milk - must be run as nonprofit - milk can be 1%, nonfat or flavored

Final Exam Flashcards by Donna Fell

Two tenets of NSLP that schools must follow to participate

(1) provide reduced cost and free lunches to low income kids

2) follow certain nutrition guidelines (used to be meet 1/3 of RDAs

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Who will government provide NSLP for

Public schools
Private nonprofit schools
Residential child care facilities
Religious schools ok
Elementary through high school - not preschool/college

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Financial qualifications for free and reduced lunches

Free: less than or equal to 130% of poverty

Reduced: less than or equal to 185% of poverty

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Which lunches do schools get reimbursed for

Free
Reduced
Full price too

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What can schools charge for reduced and full price lunches

Reduced - difference between reimbursement rates for free and reduced (40 cents right now)

Full - whatever they want - but schools cannot make a profit from NSLP. Must be nonprofit.

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Other monies/items schools can get through NSLP

Additional 6 cents per meal if they come into compliance with the new nutrition standards
Additional 2 cents per meal if the school has > 60% free and reduced lunch kids
23.25 cents of commodity foods for every meal served
Bonus foods that USDA has a surplus of

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Evolution of NSLP nutrition standards

Type A lunch - same for all age kids
outcry for flexibility - changed to 1/3 of RDAs for selected nutrients (vit A, vit C, niacin, riboflavin, calcium) and less than 30% of cal from fat, less than or equal to 10% of cal from saturated fat, sodium ignored due to use of processed foods
now back to meal patterns, specifying fruit and veg per week and colors of veg, different for different grades, sodium limits by 2023

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Competitive foods

Any food sold in the school in competition with NSLP from midnight to a few hours after school ends

USDA now has to regulate competitive foods - regs were out for comment but not finalized yet

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Foods with minimal nutritional value

Part of competitive food category that USDA has always been able to regulate in cafeteria during lunch period

Are foods that don’t contain more than 5% of any nutrient - very limited definition - includes soda, lifesavers, jelly beans, gum drops

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Wellness committee

Made up of parents, community, administration and come up with rules for the school food

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Department of Defense Produce Program

DoD negotiates with farmers and gets the best pricing for fresh produce. Schools can take advantage of the pricing and purchase through DoD.

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After School Snack Program - requirements

Part of NSLP, same age requirements

have to meet nutritional guidelines
reimbursement rates are different
if >= 50% are free or reduced, then everyone is free
required to serve 2 of the 4 food groups (milk/meat or meat alt/fruit and veg/grain)
kids have to be enrolled, must be enrichment program, must be supervised

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What is the largest and second largest food program

SNAP is largest

NSLP is second largest

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School Breakfast Program - administered and goal

Administered separately from NSLP

goal is to provide 1/4 of RDA
have to meet dietary guidelines and school can get 6 cents for compliance
if > 40% are free and reduced can get an extra 30 cents

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Breakfast After the Bell

For elementary schools in CO, if >= 80% free and reduced, the school is required to provide the school breakfast program and required to do it after school starts either:

1) during first period in the classroom
2) carts as students come into school
3) after 1st period in the cafeteria
- next year lowered to 70% free and reduced

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Summer Food Service Program

mission is to provide low income kids with food during the summer
has to be formed in low income areas but anyone can participate
all meals are free if at least 50% are free and reduced in the area
0-18 yrs, migrants, disabled
sponsor can be school or other program
camps can do it but only the free and reduced kids can get the meals
can provide up to 2 meals per day

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Special Milk Program

for schools that don’t operate NSLP
school gets 20.25 cents for each half pint of milk, and if would qualify for free lunch school gets reimbursed for full cost of milk
must be run as nonprofit
milk can be 1%, nonfat or flavored

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Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

Provides fresh produce to low income schools

produce cannot be used in breakfast, lunch, or snack program
provide $50-75 per student/yr
can use DoD fresh fruit and veg program to purchase

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CACFP

Child and Adult Care Food Program

- provides 2 meals and a snack or 1 meal and 2 snacks

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Places that could run CACFP

Child care centers
Daycare homes
Emergency shelters 
At risk after school care centers
Adult daycare centers

nonprofit or gov agency, but also private for-profit if 25% free and reduced (then just for those people)

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What gov has done to avoid fraud in CACFP

Daycare homes must have a sponsor who is registered with the state agency, the day are homes apply to the sponsor, and the sponsor is responsible for monitoring and providing nutrition education

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Ages for Head Start and Early Head Start

Head Start: 3-5 yrs

Early Head Start: 0-3 yrs

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4 components of Head Start

1) Education to help grow intellectually, socially, emotionally
2) health - well checks, eye exams, ear exams, nutrition
3) parental involvement
4) social services

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Who runs the individual Head Start programs

Head Start Councils made up of parents and grandparents of the kids - they approve hiring and budgets

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Eligibility for Head Start

Must be less than 100% of poverty level, and 10% of funding must go to kids in emergency situations, and another 10% to kids with disabilities Adjunctive eligibility through SSI or TANF

How Head Start funded

Federal money, but States are required to provide a 20% match which can be in kind (building, teachers)

Head Start class size limit

10 students

Head Start teacher qualifications

Do not have to be certified teachers | Need an associates degree and have taken 6 classes in early childhood education

Which fed department runs Head Start

DHHS

"Head start fade"

Kids with Head Start do better through first grade, but after that then cannot tell them apart from other kids

Criticisms of Head Start

- DHHS can't run education programs - there is no set curriculum - people in charge of each program are political appointees and not qualified

Reason NSLP started

During WWII the Selective Service was having to reject too many young men due to diseases associated with nutrition

History of Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP)

Used to be for women, children and elderly, but was only program not comparable wIth WIC and counties had to choose which program to have. In February USDA changed the program to be only for the elderly. - CSFP does not exist in all states or in all counties because of this - only 5 counties in CO

Eligibility for CSFP

60 yrs or older | Less than or equal to 130% of poverty

How CSFP is run in CO

Through Food Bank of the Rockies - food from gov is put in the back of a truck, truck goes to your neighborhood once per month and you can pick up your food once per month and re certify every 6m

Food provided by CSFP

Shelf stable only ``` nonfat dried milk UHT milk Juice Farina Oats RTF cereals Rice Pasta Dried beans Peanut butter Canned meat, fish, poultry, veg, fruit ```

Eligibility for SFMNP

65 yrs or older Less than or equal to 185% of poverty

What available through SFMNP

Fresh nutritious unprepared locally grown fruit, veg, herbs and honey

How SFMNP benefits given

Vouchers for $20-50 per year

Who runs the Elderly Nutrition Program

DHHS, Administration on Aging

Components of Elderly Nutrition Program

1) congregate sites | 2) home delivered meals

Eligibility for Elderly Nutrition Program

>= 60 yrs No income requirement but targeted at low-income neighbor hoods - spouses, volunteers and the disabled can eat regardless of age

Nutrition requirements of Elderly Nutrition Program

Must provide 1/3 of RDAs Must follow dietary guidelines Must provide therapeutic meals

International nutrition now called

Global nutrition

Population of the world approximate

7.2 billion

Estimated population in 2050

9 billion

As countries get richer they want to get their kcal from ______________ and not from ____________

Milk, meat, eggs Rice, wheat, corn

Population by country, largest

China India US Indonesia

Fertility rate needed to keep the population steady

2.1

Megacities

Cities with more than 10 million people

How many megacities are there, and what percent of the population lives in them?

28 megacities 10% of world's population lives there

Number of languages in the world, and number with more than 1 million speakers

7,100 languages 150-200 have more than 1 million speakers

Most common languages spoken in order

Mandarin Chinese Spanish English Arabic

Extremely poor defined as

Live on less than $1.25 per day

Poor defined as

Live on between $1.25 and $2 per day

Demographic transition

When countries start to develop, first their death rate drops, then there is a spike in the population, then the birth rate drops causing the population to level out again

Three factors that result in lower birth rate

1) economy improves 2) death rate drops 3) women become educated

By 2050, what will be the population increase, and what will be the increase in food needed, and why

By 2050 it is estimated there will be a 35% population increase, and we will need a 100% increase in food. Because most of the growth will be in developing countries, and food habits will change from rice, wheat and corn to meat, milk and eggs as the countries develop.

Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) said

Population grows geometrically, and food supply grows arithmatically. Population will surpass food supply and it is inevitable that we will starve.

Why didn't Thomas Malthus' prediction come true?

Green revolution

How many people in the world are undernourished

805 million

Where do most hungry people live

Southeast Asia and sub-Sahara Africa

What is the goal kcal per person to have enough food to feed everyone

2400 kcal

Is hunger getting worse

No - 42% decrease from 1990-92 to 2012-14

Double burden of disease

Obesity and undernutrition coexist

Average life expectancy of world

68 yrs

New way to designate rich and poor countries

Developed (rich) and developing (poor) Looking at GDP per capita, low (below $1045) and middle ($1045-$12,476) income countries are considered developing per World Bank

Richest countries by GDP (indicator of health of a country)

US China India

Fattest in the world

American Samoa - 74.6% obese Kuwait - 42% US - 33% Ethiopia - 1.1%

Kwashiorkor

Protein deficiency - huge belly and edema

Marasmus

Kcal deficiency - very skinny

Most common micronutrient deficiencies

1) Iron - apathy, stunted growth and mental development 2) vitamin A - blindness, infections 3) Iodine - goiter, physical and mental retardation, cretinism 4) zinc - stunted growth, immune suppression 5) folic acid - birth defects

Why do people not have enough to eat if there is enough food?

- hunger due to poverty and many don't have enough money to purchase food - famines caused by man and exasperated by weather - countries (India) exporting rice and wheat when people are starving - gov purchased but corruption stopped poor from getting it

Green revolution

Scientists breeding plants traditionally for better yields - made more food but we became dependant on irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides

Plumpy nut

Product created by developing countries that has had a huge impact on malnourished kids - not for chronic feeding but given to help malnutrition

Final Exam Flashcards

(75 cards)