Final Exam

Question 1

Agnostic

Answer 1

neither believes nor denies the existence of god(s)

Question 2

Theist

Answer 2

believes in the existence of god(s)

Question 3

Atheist

Answer 3

denies the existence of god(s)

Question 4

Socratic Paradox

Answer 4

no one is evil willingly

Question 5

philosopher’s call

Answer 5

to help one self and others find his/her way to the truly good

Question 6

Socrates on corrupting the youth

Answer 6

1. It is better to live among good folk than to live among bad folk (for the good benefits us while the bad harms us)
2. To corrupt one is to make them bad
3. To make one bad is to risk harm to yourself
4. No one wants to intentionally put themselves in harm’s way.
5. Thus, I either do not corrupt these folks or I do so unintentionally
6. If unintentional, you should have taken me aside and notified- not bring me to court.

Question 7

Socrates on death

Answer 7

it is a sound and dreamless sleep where one goes and can spend time with the likes of Hesiod and Homer

Question 8

Proof from Motion (Aquinas)

Answer 8

• theory of how things work in actuality and potentiality

- something set this object in motion in the world, the argument (phenomena) of change is the effect of God

Question 9

Proof from Efficient Causes

Answer 9

• The only thing that can be self-caused, its own efficient cause, is God.
• Cannot be an endless regress, because something first causes another, which eventually leads to the causation of the last.

Question 10

Proof from Possibility and Necessity

Answer 10

Implies that is a first cause, first mover, and is necessary. It is a condition for anything else that exists

Question 11

Proof from Gradations of Perfections

Answer 11

There must be something at the top in order to be able to compare something to its perfection. In order for any of these descriptive words to make any sense, we need a standard to compare it to.

Question 12

Monism

Answer 12

everything comes from one source.

Question 13

Materialism

Answer 13

reality consists only of material/physical substances, properties, and relations.

Question 14

(Cartesian) Dualism

Answer 14

• Mental Substance (mind)

- Physical Substance (Body)

Question 15

(Casual) determinism

Answer 15

the idea that every event is (causally) necessitated by anteceded events and conditions together with the laws of nature.

Question 16

Fatalism

Answer 16

• Everything that occurs is part of some cosmic causal nexus
• Theological Foundation:
• -God is omnipotent
• -God is omniscient
• -God is infallible

Question 17

Aristotellan Eudaimonia

Answer 17

the flourishing life