Large Animal Surgery > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Skull Fractures: Locations

A

calvaria, basllar, facial, incisive, mandibular

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2
Q

What is important to asses w/ facial fractures?

A

nasolacrimal duct patency

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3
Q

What type of catheter is used to drain the maxillary sinus?

A

foley catheter

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4
Q

Mandibular Fracture: Tx Options

A

cerclage, screws, plates, external fixation, combo

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5
Q

Parrot Mouth (Brachynathism): Tx

A

osteotomy + distractions

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6
Q

Cervical Vertebra Fracture: Tx Options

A

screws, plates, external fixation

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7
Q

Static Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions: Etiology

A

DJD of caudal cervical vertebra

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8
Q

Static Compressive Spinal Cord Lesions: Tx

A

less than 1yr - PACE feeding

rest, dorsal laminectomy, interbody fusion

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9
Q

Equine Dental Dz: Signs

A

wt. loss, constipation, poor performance, head shaking, lameness

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10
Q

Curve of Spee: Definition

A

natural curve of the teeth following the mandible

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11
Q

Teeth Floating: technique

A

move float cranio-caudal while pressing with the opposite hand

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12
Q

What tooth is the wolf tooth?

A

Maxillary P1

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13
Q

Sheer Mouth: Definition

A

massetor muscle atrophy

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14
Q

How do you make a bit seat?

A

trim P2 so gingiva doesn’t pinch

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15
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Etiology

A

congenital anomaly

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16
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Sign

A

swelling at base of ear

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17
Q

Dentigerous Cysts: Tx

A

sx removal

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18
Q

T/F: Foals are born w/ deciduous incisors

A

False

they’re born with premolars

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19
Q

When do deciduous incisors erupt?

A

6d
6wk
6mo

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20
Q

When do Adult incisors erupt?

A
  1. 5yr
  2. 5yr
  3. 5yr
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21
Q

When do adult premolars erupt?

A

2yr
3yr
4yr

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22
Q

When do deciduous molars erupt?

A

1yr
2yr
3yr

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23
Q

When do cups disappear from the incisors?

A

3.5yr after adult eruption

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24
Q

Equine: Dental Formula

A

I 3/3
C 1/1
P 3/3 (P1 is vestigial)
M 3/3

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25
Sinusitis: Forms
Primary - URTI | Secondary - dental, fracture, cysts, neoplasia
26
Sinusitis: Signs
serosanguinous nasal discharge, chough, facial deformity
27
Sinusitis: Dx
rads (fluid line), endoscopy
28
Sinusitis: Sx Landmarks
1cm above halfway between medial canthus and cranial edge of facial crest
29
Sinusitis: Sx Aftercare
leave open, flush daily, abx, NSAIDs
30
Cribbing: Tx
change environment, cribbing strap, sx removal of - laryngeal bones, Ventral branch of CN XI, sternothyrouhyoideus m.
31
Viborg's Triangle: Borders
sternomandibular muscle, lingofacial vein, cd. border of vertical ramus
32
Tympany: Signs
nonpainful, dyspnea, dyshagia, inhalation pneumonia
33
Tympany: Tx
drain - needle aspiration, indwelling catheter, sx
34
Empyema: Etiology
URTI, abscessation of retropharyngeal, stylohyoid fracture
35
Empyema: Signs
nasal discharge
36
Empyema: Tx
indwelling catheter, sx
37
Colic in Foals: Neonatal Etiology
meconium impaction, enteritis, hernia w/ ruptured tunic
38
Colic in Foals: 2-5d old Etiology
ruptured bladder, atresia coli
39
Colic in Foals: >5d old Etiology
gastric outflow obstruction, SI volvulous, intussusception, heria
40
Rectal Tear: Etiology
iatrogenic
41
Rectal Tear: Grades
1 - mucosa +/- submucosa 2 - muscularis only 3 - only serosa remains 4 - full thickness tear
42
Rectal Tear: Tx - Grade 1/2
abx, analgesic, laxative
43
Rectal Tear: Tx - Grade 3/4
sx (repair + fecal diversion), fluids, banamine, abx, buscopan (intestinal relaxation)
44
Fecal Diversion: Procedure
rectal sleeve w/ hand cut off glued to prolapse ring, sutured in place w/ Catgut
45
When is a colostomy indicated w/ rectal tears?
>25% of rectal diameter | >50cm w/in rectum
46
Rectal Prolapse: Grades
1 - only mucosa exposed 2 - all layers exposed 3 - 2 + descending colon intussusepts 4 - tissue becomes necrotic
47
Rectal Prolapse: Tx - Grade 1/2
epidural, reduction, reduce edema, +/- purse string/perirectal iodine injection
48
Rectal Prolapse: Tx - Grade 3/4
remove devitalized tissue, sx reduce
49
Inguinal Hernias: Tx Methods
cx + repair, inguinal heriorrhaphy,
50
Umbilical Hernia: Conservative Tx - Indications
less than 5cm (3 fingers), less than 1yr old
51
Umbilical Hernia: Conservative Tx
spontaneous, daily reduction and irritate ring, hernia clamp
52
When does an umbilical hernia become complicated?
when the peritoneum is open
53
What pattern do you use to close the hernia?
vest over pants aka overlapping pattern
54
T/F: The umbilical vein is the most commonly infected umbilical remnant.
False | the urachus is most common, neck and neck with umbilical arteries
55
Infected Umbilical Remnants: Tx
sx removal
56
Choke: Conservative Tx
atropine, oxytocin, lidocaine, warm water pulse,
57
Choke: Sx Tx
esophagotomy w/ ventral fistula
58
Rumen Fistula: Indications
relieve free gas, nutrition studies, feed directly
59
How much rumen should be exposed before making the fistula?
1in
60
T/F: Therapeutic ruminal fistulas require a second sx to close.
false | they close on their own w/in wks
61
Rumenotomy: Indications
hardware dz, grain overload, impaction, indigestion, foreign body
62
What is important to remember when opening the rumen for a rumenotomy?
rumen is folded over the skin, so backflow doesn't enter the abdomen
63
When do you lavage the rumen?
grain overload
64
Segmental Posthectomy: Indications
mass removal
65
Phallectomy: Definition
amputation of the penis + urethrostomy
66
Phallopexy: Indications
retract paralyzed penis
67
Ovariectomy: Indications
Unilateral - abscess, mass | Bilateral - eliminate estrous/nymphomania
68
Ovariectomy: Approaches
flank, colpotomy (transvaginal), laparoscopy, midline
69
Colic Management: Pain
multimodal, banamine + xylazine, butophanol (last resort), buscopan (spasmolytics)
70
Colic Sx: Indications
persistent pain/gas reflux, entrolith palpated, edematous SI, cardio deterioration, abdominal distention
71
Colic Sx: Approaches
ventral, inguinal, flank
72
Colic Post-op: Pain Management
banamine, lidocaine CRI
73
Colic Post-op: Endotoxemia Management
fluids, banamine, DTO, polymyxin B
74
Colic Post-op: Ileus Management
supportive, NG tube, fluids + electrolytes, prokinetics
75
T/F: Radiographs are an available diagnostic tool in foals.
true
76
What is the max dose of Banamine in foals?
1.1mg/kg BID
77
What GI protectant is effective in foals?
ranitidine (omeprazole only works after 30d old)
78
What does an IgG less than 800 in foals indicate?
partial passive transfer failure
79
T/F: A ruptured bladder in a foal is a surgical emergency.
False | it is a medical emergency, sx can be done once stable
Large Animal Surgery
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