Final Exam Flashcards by Kyle Abo

Making decisions for ourselves using an informed conscience

Self-determination

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Each dimension of our humanity should be fully developed and differentiated

Integrity

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Promoting the good of the whole body and removing threats

Totality

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Being told the truth, comprehending the truth, and making a choice without undue influence

Informed consent

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Healthcare professionals are obligated to tell patients the truth about their condition

Truth telling

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Keeping sensitive information private

Confidentiality

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Addresses the question of what to do when an action has both positive and negative consequences

Double effect

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Addresses the question of whether or not it is ever acceptable to cooperate with an immoral individual, institution, etc.

Legitimate cooperation

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Early stage of development of an organism in the egg or the uterus, during which its essential form and its organs and tissues develop for the first 7-8 weeks

Embryo

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After 7-8 weeks of life, the developing organism is called a ____?

Fetus

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The removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy

Voluntary/direct abortion

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Unintended death of an embryo or fetus, ending a pregnancy

Spontaneous abortion

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Insemination where the sperm comes from the husband (acceptable within the sexual act)

Homologous insemination

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Insemination where the sperm comes from a 3rd party donor

Heterologous insemination

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Conception outside of the body in a lab

In vitro fertilization

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“Master cells” which generate various different cell types

Stem cells

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Pluripotent stem cells whose research the Church opposes

Embryonic stem cells

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Stem cells whose research the Church accepts

Adult stem cells

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Intentional killing of a person, at his or her request, for compassionate motives

Euthanasia

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Hastening the death of a person by removing life support equipment, etc.

Passive euthanasia

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Causing the death of a person through a direct action

Active euthanasia

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Three arguments in favor of the death penalty (2 traditional, 1 recent)

Deterrence
Retribution
Economic cost

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Commitment to peacemaking, rejecting violence

Pacifism

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Complete rejection of violence as inherently wrong by an individual

Absolute pacifism

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Complete rejection of violence (and also occupations that use violence) as inherently wrong by a group

Universal pacifism

Rejection of violence as a personal choice, seeing violence as necessary at times and NOT inherently wrong, but not participating in violent occupations themselves

Principled pacifism

Rejection of macro violence between nations (wars/military), but accept micro violence

Classical pacifism

Rejection of violence as a practical choice, seeing violence as counterproductive

Strategic (Practical) pacifism

Rejection of the world as ensnared in evil and violence, thus sequestering themselves away from society

Separatist pacifism

Rejection of the world as ensnared in evil and violence, but not separating themselves from the world in order to effect change

Politically Engaged pacifism

Early Church intellectual who taught that Christians may not be able to pray to the Emperor, but they can pray for the Emperor

Origen

Who helps Christianity pivot from absolute pacifism to Just War Theory?

Augustine

Warfare commanded by God or waged for religious reasons

Holy War

"PR guy" for the First Crusade

St. Bernard of Clairvoux

Saw war as justified, but in the name of peace, which is necessary for a well-ordered society

Plato

Introduced the first two criteria for a just war: just cause and declaration of war by a legit authority

Cicero

Augustine's spiritual mentor

Ambrose

Takes Cicero's criteria and expounds on them, adds the criteria of right intention

Augustine

Father of International Law, drops right intention, adds probability of success and macroproportionality

Francisco Suarez

Jus ad Bellum Criteria

1. Just Cause 2. Legitimate Authority and Public Declaration 3. Right Intention 4. Last Resort 5. Probability of Success 6. Macro-Proportionality

Jus in Bello Criteria

1. Discrimination 2. Legitimate vs. Illegitimate Targets 3. "Mala in se"/WMD's 4. Surrender and Prisoners of War 5. Micro-Proportionality

Augustine's definition of a Sacrament

A visible sign of an invisible grace

Universal Sacrament of Salvation

The Church

Prime Sacrament of Love

Jesus

How are people sacraments?

Visible sign (the body, a temple/church) of an invisible grace (the soul and God)

Every Sacrament is _______, because each does what is claims to do as long as you want it

Efficacious

Four aspects of every Sacrament

1. Memorial 2. Celebration 3. Communion 4. Transformation

Marks of the Church

One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic

Mission of the Church

To unite the world and be a magnet for the nations so others may see Christ

Taking in people for who they are with equality

Acceptance

Partial taking in of people, putting up with others in an unequal manner

Toleration

Sharing of the Good News of the Resurrection

Evangelization

Forced conversion

Proselytization

When the government falls short, it is the Church's responsibility to not only be a sign, but also an instrument of ______

Social justice

Three-fold mission of Christians

1. Priests 2. Prophets 3. Kings

What does the word "tabernacle" mean?

Tent

When the priest acts in Jesus' name, it is called...?

In Persona Christi

What is said at every Sacrament

Form

What is done (physical gestures/elements) at every Sacrament

Matter

Three forms of prayer

1. Vocal 2. Meditative 3. Contemplative

Form, matter, minister of Baptism

Form: "I baptize you..." Matter: Element - immersion in water or water; Gesture - threefold pouring of water over one's head Minister: Deacon, Priest, Bishop, anyone in an emergency

Form, matter, minister of Confirmation

Form: "Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit." Matter: Element - Sacred Chrism; Gesture - anointing with oil Minister: Bishop, Priest (only in bishop's absence)

Form, matter, minister of Eucharist

Form: Words of Institution Matter: Element - wheat bread and grape wine; Gesture - consuming the Body and Blood of Christ Minister: Priest, Bishop

Form, matter, minister of Reconciliation

Form: Words of Absolution Matter: Penitent's contrition, confession, and penance Minister: Priest, Bishop

Form, matter, minister of Anointing of the Sick

Form: "Through this holy anointing..." Matter: Element - Oil of the Sick; Gesture - anointing with oil Minister: Priest, Bishop

Form, matter, minister of Holy Orders

Form: Prayer over those being ordained Matter: Element - Laying on of hands, Sacred Chrism; Gesture - laying on of hands, anointing the hands of the person being ordained Minister: Bishop

Form, matter, minister of Matrimony

Form: Wedding vows Matter: Consent of the man and woman Minister: Spouses (Deacon, priest, or bishop serves as official Church witnesses)

Mr. Towell's favorite name for the Eucharist

Holy Sacrifice

The king-priest who offered bread and wine for Abraham

Melchizedek

Three Sacraments that leave an "indelible mark" on the soul, and therefore, can only be received once

Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Orders

Evidence of an impediment to the grace of Matrimony at the time of the wedding can lead to an ______

Annulment

Three elements of a valid Catholic marriage

1. Capacity 2. Consent 3. Form

What does bishop mean?

Overseer

What does priest mean?

Elder

What does deacon mean?

Assistant/helper

Actively participating in God's Call ("dating" the Church)

Discernment

In ______ Catholic Churches, priests are allowed to marry due to cultural differences.

Eastern Rite

The virtue that moderates the desire for sexual pleasure according to the principles of faith

Chastity

The renunciation of marriage (and therefore sex) all together

Celibacy

Who is the Prior of the Augustinian community at the Prep?

Fr. Devlin

Who is the Treasurer of the Augustinian community at the Prep?

Fr. Devlin

Who is the Guest Master of the Augustinian community at the Prep?

Fr. Reilly

Augustinian Poverty

Calling nothing your own, but letting everything be owned by the community in common

That which God ultimately wants, spoken of by Solomon in the Book of Proverbs

Obedience

Pope Francis is a _______ priest.

Religious (Jesuit)

Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI is a ________ priest.

Diocesan

The Roman execution of Christ on Good Friday is ONLY a sacrifice because of _________.

His offering up of Himself the previous evening at the Last Supper, giving Himself up to the reality of His death

Jesus' death is transformed into a ________ on _________.

Sacrament; Easter Sunday

Why isn't the Eucharist cannibalism?

We eat the resurrected, deified Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Christ, His entire person.

Final Exam Flashcards

(89 cards)