1
Q
Ecological Footprint, measures
A
- Tool to understand impact of human activities on the earth (Wackernagel & Reese, Canadians who developed idea)
- Amount of biologically productive land area an individual or population consumes
- 25% only amount of earth’s surface that is productive
2
Q
Ecological deficit
A
- Is -.63 hectors began in 1987
- Global capacity is 2.1 hectares per person of ecologically productive land but already using 2.7 h/pp
3
Q
Wackernagel opinion on US
A
-MIC’s need to replace Fossil Fuels
-Simply decreasing impact in one area doesn’t solve the issue of over use
-US ecofootprint is 9.42 hectare per person country only has 5.02 hectares per person so US has huge deficit
-votes and money
need pressure at national level
social lobby groups and people to support campaign s
double technology efficiency invest money instead of weaponry in tech
4
Q
Overconsumption
A
1) goods & services we consume are embedded in our culture
2) society/ culture places different values on certain types of consumption
3) goods & services consumed are related to other institutions/ norms/ practices in society
5
Q
Ecological overshoot
A
- Overuse of resources, overshoot the earth’s carrying capacity
- The natural capacity is overused from over fishing, deforestation etc
- This overuse can lead to large scale global catastrophe (Global Warming)
- Intervene by cutting population, doubling technological efficiency, invest in biosphere & ecosystem management
6
Q
Disease sink
A
- Populations of poor marginalized people where infectious diseases & pathogens thrive, areas that serve as breeding grounds
- Living in crowded conditions, malnutrition, lack of vaccines/ medicine, poor sanitation, no clean water
7
Q
Hunter/gatherers disease & health
A
- Low life expectancy in present day (30yrs)
- Malaria, yellow fever, poor nutrition & wild animals
- small groups and always moving can mean less contact with infectious diseases
8
Q
Early Ag disease & health
A
- Good nutrition (farming & livestock, animals can carry diseases)
- Permanent structure means protection and waste buildup
- New ag practices (irrigation ditches lead to standing water & Malaria)
9
Q
Early towns disease & health
A
- More disease from increased human density
- Poor sanitation (parasites/ diseases)
- Transportation spreads disease (rats)
10
Q
Dams & Schistosomiasis
A
- Can be good for development & farming
- Parasite linked to dams attaches to snails in stagnant water
- Parasite enters body becomes a worm & lays eggs
- Those who interact with water & waste into water puts parasite back in
- 1,400,000,000 incidences of parasitic worms worldwide
11
Q
Schistosomiasis
A
- Parasitic worm that lives in water
- Attaches to a snail, enters human body, lays eggs, lives as a worm,
- Causes fever, chills, bladder, lung, liver, intestine damage & bladder cancer
- 200 million worldwide (Africa, S. America, Caribbean, Middle East)
12
Q
Peasant farmers in global capitalist system
A
Borkina Fusa
Papau New guinea- higher private lawyer to deal with mining company and natives land rights
Indigenous rights
13
Q
Anti-globalization protests
A
1999- Seattle anti-globalization
- Various groups participated women’s groups, human rights activists
- Disrupted some world trade
- Emphasized looking critically at multinational corporations, focused on wage regulations & coalitions
- Phillipines 2005 protests against SAP
- Jakarta 2006 protests WB/IMF
14
Q
Foreign Debt Protests in LIC’s
A
2000- Jubilee protests worldwide but were about LIC’s debt
- 40 countries participated wanted cancelation of world debt & refinancing of loans
- Only achieved $40 billion in debt cancelation for lowest LIC’s
15
Q
Village Bank Network for Mutual Care
A
- Started by Mookda Intasaran a high school teacher
- Started school for children at risk of prostitution – The bank started in 1992 giving micro loans to villagers
- Created transparent and local place for villagers to save money (even kids have savings accounts)
- 2009 were 45 banks
- Rules don’t govern memebers practices like Gramin bank
1) lets rural people save money & earn interest
2) provide small loans
3) functions as co-op to buy fertilizer in bulk
4) 10% bank profits used for community development/ social programs
5) empowers locals no longer wait for gov’t to help them
16
Q
U.S. Against Sweatshops
A
- Individuals making practice to not buy goods made in sweatshops
- Protesting corporations
- UM had own group to protest sweatshop goods
- United Students Against Sweatshops
17
Q
Global Goals for Sustainable Development
A
UN Millennial Development Built on 1972 stockholder conference carried from Millennial Development goals in 2015 most are environmental issues provide change ethically and sustainably all actors must act to do these goals
18
Q
Ecofootprint & food
A
Beef impacts the environment
a) Water supply depleted to grow grain/ feed cattle
b) Grain fed beef means Green Revolution (GMO’s, fertilizers, pesticides)
c) Methane from cattle = global warming
d) Deforestation especially in central & south America (Costa Rica lost 10% forest in 50 years, Brazil largest deforestation for beef)
19
Q
Causes infectious diseases
A
Changing environments
Deforestation -malaria, rabies, lyme disease
Ag & Irrigation - Argentine hemorrhagic fever, schistosomiasis, Japanese encephalitis,
Poor sanitation -diarrheal disease, river blindness, yellow fever, cholera
Climate Change- hanta virus, malaria
Demographic changes
Urbanization- yellow fever, malaria, respiratory illness
Increased Trade- cholera, HIV, influenza
Deteriorating Social Conditions
Public Health- measles, TB, STD’s
War/ Civil- malaria, diphtheria,
Increased Intercourse- Hep B & C, HIV/AIDS
20
Q
Economic Development & Disease
A
Increases spread as well as ability to treat
21
Q
Bird Flu
A
Animals carry diseases
Bird Flu transmitted through the air
Must kill all the chickens
22
Q
HIV/AIDS
A
- Autoimmune disease
- Spread through blood
- No known cure
23
Q
Malaria
A
- Parasite carried by mosquito which multiplies in the bitten persons blood
- Infects 207 million, 1 million deaths, 1/2 are kids
- Eradication efforts spray DDT 1955-63
- Drugs to treat malaria (mosquitos resistant to both)
- Mosquito nets
- Bill Melinda Gates Foundation $1.97 billion for malaria prevention
24
Q
Cholera
A
- Bacillus that lives in water for long time causes rapid death in humans from dehydration
- 17th century epidemics hit cities hard & most feared disease 19th century
- Peru 1991 case lack of chlorine in drinking water
- Common in disease sinks
- 2005 to 2006 cases rose 79%
25
TB (consumption)
- Bacillus spread through water droplets of infected person
- lung damage, fatigue, fever, debilitation
- without treatment 1/2 die
- Now only 10% die though 15 million infected
- Higher death tolls in LIC's
26
Development & spread of disease (positive & negatives)
-increased population size & density causing faster spread of diseases
-Increased trade migration & travel (spread HIV out of Africa through trucking routes)
-Natural environments changing (plankton blooms)
+ New drugs/ vaccines
+ New technologies (blood tests, DDT)
+ Insecticides to kill vectors
+ Better knowledge about disease & transmission
27
Indigenous people & characteristics
Present day they are
- Mobile
- Communal ownership of land/resources
- Large kin networks
- Relatively egalitarian
- Occupy/ live on land with resources that MNC's want
28
3 goals of colonization in North America
Gold
God
Glory
29
Cherokees & Trail of Tears
- Cherokee lived in south Appalachian mountains had 40,000 square miles
- Small pox wiped out 1/2 population in 1700 from 1674 50,000
- Indian Removal Law 1830 pushed natives west
- Government pattered on US constitution
- Trail of tears was forced migration
30
Indian Boarding schools
- Form of cultural modification and assimilation to bring ethnic minorities to dominant culture
1) through education or re-socialization (forced assimilation)
2) central thai art or culture celebrated or relied
3) buddhist prayers at school assemblies and only teaching in one language (discourages original culture)
31
Genocide (Rwanda & Yugoslavia)
1994 Hutu the ethnic majority killed nearly 800,000 people of the Tutsi minority
-Tutsi's had the power were cattle men vs peasant farmers
Hutu's subject to forced labor basically created two races
-1959 election put Hutu's in power with help of Belgium
-Tutsi's formed RPF (rebel group)
32
Weapons of the Weak
-James Scott, cases of everyday resistance
- brought about when worker unions/ protests aren't enough in
foot dragging
evasion
false compliance
slander
feigned ignorance
coded language
-rely on this when face feared persecution, gives camaraderie, can unite the people
33
Green Revolution effects on poor
Malaysia- Kedah Plain dams to increase rice growing 1966
- poor's opportunity for land, jobs, charity decreased
- Social & economic ties binding community levels deteriorated
- Poor could leave the area, use gossip and Islamic law to show how bad the rich were, theft & sabotage were ways to protest
- only the wealthy farmers could afford the good rice land (richer gain wealth creates bigger divide income inequality)
- rented land to poorer farmers prices varied on success of the farming year
34
Mau Mau Rebellio
1952 the 1st great African liberation movement
- 1903 British invasion of East Africa, Kikuyu Kenyan tribe fought back
- British imposed Indirect Rule, making chiefs
- Mau Mau, Kikuyu fought British over colonial expansion, who ultimately won
- British government reconciled in 2015
35
Chiapas Rebellion
Zapatista revolt 1994 (on the day Mexico joined NAFTA, believed it was death of native people)
-
36
Child Labor Laws
1832-1838
- Pushed by farmers, mechanics, working men wanted it to become law
- Was ratified in 1938 under Fair Labor Act
37
Cosmopolitanism
Part of Redistributive Justice
- justice for everyone, must redistribute
- people morally obligated to address the needs of the poor in own nation and globally
- consequential (Singer) help others without compromising moral values
- contractarian (Hobbes) moral norms justified by contracts
- rights based: everyone get fundamental entitlements in life, don't do anything to interfere with others
38
Global Goals Sustainable development
- Played off Millennium Development, which was to uphold principles of human dignity, equality & equity globally
- Created in 2015 with goals to end extreme poverty, 193 countries participated
- no poverty, zero hunger, good health on down to the environment
39
De-Development
- Dismantle overconsumption and corporate centered free market liberalism
- Target the environment with sustainability @ regeneration
- Focus on social justice to reduce inequality, create employment for all & more leisure time
40
GNH
Bhutan measure by GNH since 1629
-9 domains with various indicators max happiness is 33
-Measures quality more holistically than GDP/GNP
-2008 government said its job is to ensure
-Beneficial development of human society
takes place when material and spiritual development occur side by side
41
Problems with US foreign aid
- Patriarchal
- MNC's give to the most food aid (which is profit driven, benefits MNC's)
- Aid given to allies
- Not given to the most needy countries
- Given for nations personal interests we support
- For such large country give smallest aid
42
Verizon Strike 2016
- 45 day strike 40,000 workers
- Corporation threatened pension cuts, sending employment abroad, 30 day unpaid suspension - Employees won with a 4 year agreement to increase wages, give healthcare, keep jobs in US, profit sharing & bonuses
43
Apartheid
Issue in South Africa
- College students in US built shanty-towns in protest
- Goal was to have universities withdraw from funding the apartheid
44
Adbusters
- Shed light on the irony of US
- Canadian magazine
- Shows hypocrisy of corporations/ capitalism etc
45
Fair Trade
- Coffee, chocolate etc
- Cuts out so many middlemen taking profits from the maker/ grower
- Part of ethical consumerism
- Ultimate challenge is to just not consume
46
Standing Rock
-Native american land rights protesting the building of a pipeline
47
Communitarianism
- have no moral obligation to help others
- must prioritize needs of own citizens, look at own country first
- benefit own moral interests
48
Libertarianism (Nozick)
- must focus on the individual
- individual freedoms most important
- justice is just procedures poor could be rich
- don't interfere with private
49
Development aid reimagined
1 sufficient donations to match needs
2 goal of reducing global inequalities
3empower local communities to feed and provide for themselves
4 more focus on sustainability social justice renewing environment
Development Sociology
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