Intermediate Chinese > Final Exam Grammar Structures > Flashcards

Final Exam Grammar Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

basic 把 structure examples

A

sub. + ba + obj. + verb + result
- I place that book on the table.
我把那本书放在桌子上。
- Please clean your room!
请你把你的卧室打扫干净！

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2
Q

把 + verb 给

A

sub. + ba + obj. + verb 给 + other info
- The library let me borrow a book.
图书馆把一本书借给我。
- My roommate introduced their mom to me.
我的室友把他的妈妈介绍给我。

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3
Q

把 + verb 成

A

sub. + ba + obj. + verb 成 + other info
- I saw the cat as a dog.
我把猫看成一只狗。
- I heard shu as shi.
我把“书”听成“师”。

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4
Q

final state 把

A
  • He put the phone in the bag.
    他把手机放进书包了。
  • I packed my suitcase all the way.
    我把行李收拾好了。
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5
Q

resultative complement 把

A
  • You finished your homework.
    把你的作业做完了。
  • My homework exhausts me to death!
    我的作业把我累死了！
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6
Q

先 … 再/然后

A

sub. + 先 + v(o), 再/然后 sub. + v(o)
- First I go to class, then I have lunch.
我先上课， 然后吃午饭。
- I washed my clothes first, then I cleaned the floor.
我先把我的衣服挂好，再打扫了我的地。

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7
Q

负责

A

to be responsible for
- What are you responsible for?
你负责做什么?
- Who is in charge here?
那里谁负责？
- I am responsible for bringing the gifts up.
我负责把礼物搬上来。
- I am responsible for doing my work.
我负责做工作。

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8
Q

快(要) … 了

A

something will happen soon
sub. + 快(要) + verb + 了
- The new year is coming soon.
新年快要到了。
- The weather is going to get warmer soon.
天气快暖和了。

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9
Q

就要 … 了

A

something is about to happen
sub. + 就要 + verb + 了
- We are going to have a test in a week.
还有一个星期我们就要考试了。
- They are going to go to the beach tomorrow.
他们明天就要去海滩了。

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10
Q

想(不)起来

A

sub. + 想起来 + v. + sub.
- Do you all remember learning this?
你们想起来学过这个吗？
- I don’t remember, we learned it a long time ago.
我想不起来，我们很久以前学的。
- I remember I left my phone on top of the table.
我想起来我把我的手机留在桌子上了。
- I don’t remember how to get to school.
我想不起来怎么去学校。

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11
Q

resultative complements

A

完 finished
到 continuation to a certain point
在 ends at a certain place
开 away
上 together
成 become
会 mastered
懂 understand
给 ownership change
对 correctly
错 mistake
好 desired state or completion of action
坏 bad

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12
Q

RC examples

A
  • I finished speaking
    我说完了。
  • I did not read it wrong.
    我没看错。
  • I found two dogs.
    我把两只狗找到了。
  • She gave you a gift.
    她送给你礼物了。
  • I did not stand in class.
    我没有站在课堂。
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13
Q

的时候 sentences

A
  • When I am in Chinese class, I am happy.
    我上中文课的时候，我很高兴。
  • When he was young, he was very handsome.
    他中年的时候，看起来也不错。
  • When it is my birthday, I will drink a lot of Coke.
    我过生日的时候，我会喝很多可乐。
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14
Q

帮 sentences

A

帮 + sub. + v. + other info
- Can you help buy me a cup of coffee?
请问，你可以帮我买一杯咖啡吗？
- I help other students with their exams.
我帮别的学生们做他们的考试。

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15
Q

意思phrases

A

interesting：有意思
not interesting： 没有意思
what does it mean?： 什么意思？
not a big deal：没什么， 小意思
good idea： 好意思

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16
Q

意思 sentence examples

A
  • I don’t understand what you mean.
    我不明白你的意思。
  • do you understand me?
    你懂我的意思吗？
  • This story is not interesting.
    这个故事没有意思。
  • History class is not interesting, but Chinese class is.
    历史课没有意思，可是中文课有意思。
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17
Q

对 for interest

A

对 + something + 感兴趣
- I am interested in watching movies.
我对看电影感兴趣。
- What are you interested in?
你对什么感兴趣？
- I am not interested in learning math.
我对学数学不感兴趣。

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18
Q

对 for helpful to

A

A 对 B + 有帮助
- Studying every day is helpful for understanding Chinese.
每天学习对懂中文有帮助

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19
Q

对 for benefits

A

A 对 B 有好处/有坏处
- Eating a lot of green vegetables and fruit is beneficial for your health.
吃很多青菜和水果对你的健康好处。

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20
Q

对 for useful to

A

A 对 B 有用处
- Exercising is useful for staying healthy
运动对保持(bao3chi2)健康有用处

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21
Q

一直 as always

A
  • I always want to eat a lot
    我一直想吃很多.
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22
Q

一直 as walking straight

A

一直走
- Walk straight ahead from there, then you will arrive.
从那儿往前一直走，就到了。

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23
Q

yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last time

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A

昨天，上个星期，上个月，去年，上次/前一次

24
Q

today, this week, this month, this year, this time

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A

今天，这个星期，这个月，今年，这次

25
tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next time
明天，下个星期，下个月，明年，下次/后一次
26
time sentence structure
time + sub. + other info 或者 sub. + time + etc. - I saw you four times yesterday. 昨天我见过你四次。 - Last year, I lived in Williamsburg. 去年我住在威廉斯堡。 - How many months ago did you go to China? 你几个月以前去过中国？
27
How many days, weeks, months, years, time?
多少天，几个星期，几个月，多少年，多少次？
28
directional complements in a direction
in: 进 out: 出 up: 上 down: 下 return: 回 across: 过 ascend: 起 (来)
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DC in relation to speaker
go: 去 come: 来
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directional completement sentences
sub. + verb + DC - Please, come inside! 请你进来！ - The dog ran downstairs. 狗跑下楼了。 - I want to go outside and play. 我想出去外边玩。 - Dad moved my books out of the car. 爸爸把我的书从车里搬了出来。
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好像 sentences
sub. + 好像 + v/adj. - He seems like a good student. 他好像很好的学生。 - That cat seems hungry. I should give him a lot of food. 那只猫好像很饿。我应该给他很多饭。 - You seem to be very sleepy. 你好像很困。
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着 continuous modifier examples
sub. + v. + 着 + other info - My friend is wearing a blue coat. 我的朋友穿着一件蓝色(yi jian4 lan2se) 的外套。 - The computer is on the table. 桌子上放着电脑。 - She is sitting down 她坐着。
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着 the way in which a verb is happening
adj/v1 + 着 + v2 - Mother is standing while cooking. 妈妈站着做饭。 - You should try getting up earlier. 你应该试着早点起床。
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多 adjectives
high/tall: 高 long: 长 zhang3 far: 远 yuan3 fast: 快 heavy: 重 zhong4 big: 大
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how (多)? sentences
sub. + verb + (有)多 + adj. - "How heavy are you?" "I weigh 200 pounds." “请问，你有多重？” “我有重两百磅。” - "How fast can he run?" "He can run 50 miles per hour." ”他跑步跑得又快？“ ”他能每小时跑五十英里。“ - How long? (time) 多长时候(了)?
36
不到 sentences
sub. + 不到 + # [measure word] + noun - There are less than 10 phones in this box. 这个箱子里的手机不到十个。 - I am less than 21 years old, so I can't drink alcohol. 我不到二十一岁，所以我不可以喝酒精。
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more than (多) sentences
多 + verb - I am more than 21 years old, so I can drink alcohol. 我二十一岁多了，所以我可以喝酒精。 - I have a little more money than you. 我的钱比你的多一点儿。
38
emphatic structure sentences
S 连 V 都/也 O - This question is so difficult, even John doesn't know how to solve it. 这个问题很难，连 John 都不会做这个问题。 S 连 O 都/也 V - You have even seen this movie, this movie is so new! 你连这部电影都看过，这部电影太新了！
39
过 experiential sentences
v. + 过 ... 没有？或者 过... 吗？ - Have you ever seen the Beijing Opera? 你看过京剧吗？ - I have never been to the Great Wall. 我没有去过长城。 - He said he had eaten that snack before. 他说他以前吃过那种小吃。 - I have already taken a shower. 我洗过澡了。
40
these two things are (not) the same
A 跟 B 一样 - You look just as young as before. 您看起来跟以前一样年轻。 A 像 B 一样 - I run as fast as my older sister. 我跑的像姐姐跑得一样快。 A 和 B 一样 - My friend and I are not the same height. 我和我的室友高不一样
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A is more than B (sometimes with quantifiers)
A 比 B (... 多了，一点儿） - I have more white hair than before. 我的白头发比以前多了。
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A is less than B
A 没有（或者不如） B （那么） - Now compared to before I am not as energetic. 我现在不如以前精神了。 - Her food is not as tasty as mine. 她做的菜没有我做的菜好吃。
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relative comparison
- I think my test is relatively difficult. 我觉得我的考试比较难。
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superlative comparison
- Dumplings are the best dish. 饺子是最好的菜。
46
emphatic degree comparision
- She is a good professor, but he is even better. 她是个好教授，可是他更好。
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gradual change comparison
- As spring approaches, it gets warmer day by day. 春天正在来快了，天琦一天比一天暖和了。
48
potential complement options
able to find: 找得到 unable to sleep: 睡不着 able to afford: 买得起 able to help: 帮得到 able to do: 做得了 to have enough time to: 来得及 visible: 看得见 able to buy: 买得到 able to reserve: 订得到 able to move: 搬得动
49
potential complement sentence examples
- It is 12:50, we don't have time to take the test. 现在是十二点五十分钟，我们来不及考试。 - When my teacher speaks Chinese, I am not able to understand her. 我的老师说中文的时候，我听不懂。 - I can afford plane tickets to Hong Kong. 我买得起去香港的机票。
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double 了 sentences
s + v + 了 + duration + 了 - I have been learning Chinese for three years. 我已经学中文学了三年了。 - My little brother has been living in Germany for more than six months. 我弟弟已经在德国了六个月多了。
51
compass directional terms
north: 北 bei3 south: 南 nan2 east: 东 dong1 west: 西 xi1
52
May I ask, how can I go to this place?
请问，这个地方怎么走？
53
May I ask, do you know how to get to...?
请问，你知道怎么去。。。吗？
54
directional grammar
- Go ___ 往。。。走 往东走。 - Walk to ___ 走到。。。 走到第四个交叉口。 - Turn ___ 往。。。转 往左转。
55
First you go forward from here, walk until you reach the intersection ahead, then turn right.
先你从这儿往前走，走到前面的交叉口，然后往右转。
56
more and more
越来越 - As kids grow up, they get taller and taller. 孩子们长大了，他们越来越高。
57
the more A, the more B
越 A, 越 B - The more energetic you are, the better your learning results will be. 你越精神，学习效果越好。
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