MUL 2010 > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

This deck has all the test questions (excluding the listening and number questions) from all the open chapter quizzes. Once 32 and 33 open the correct answers, I will be adding those as well. (247 cards)

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1
Q

What was a secular French song of the medieval period?

  • Chanson
  • Carol
  • Organum
  • Gregorian Chant
  • Strophic
A

Chanson

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2
Q

Of the following, which is not representative of music of the medieval period?

  • Harmonies were influenced by non-European music for the first time
  • Beginnings of musical form was found in the verse/chorus in carols
  • Rhythms gradually became measured
  • Melodies were restricted to specific note choices, similar (but not exact) to major and minor scales.
  • Cathedral music would feature polyphony, which established the beginnings of harmony
A

Harmonies were influenced by non-European music for the first time

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3
Q

What was a minstrel from southern France called?

  • Troubadour
  • Trouvere
  • Chanson
  • Carol
  • Strophic
A

Troubadour

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4
Q

What type of music would be performed in a Mass by monks?

  • Gregorian Chant
  • Organum
  • Ordinary of the Mass
  • Chanson
  • Carol
A

Gregorian Chant

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5
Q

What is the complete mass set to music?

  • Ordinary of the Mass
  • Gregorian Chant
  • Chanson
  • Carol
  • Orgnaum
A

Ordinary of the Mass

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6
Q

Which of the following instruments did not have an ancestor in the medieval period?

  • Saxophone
  • Trumpet
  • Trombone
  • Lute
  • Violin
A

Saxohpone

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7
Q

What was a minstrel from northern France called?

  • Trouvere
  • Troubadour
  • Strophic
  • Carol
  • Chanson
A

Trouvere

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8
Q

What type of song would be sung to celebrate military conquest?

  • Carol
  • Organum
  • Chanson
  • Troubadour
  • Trouvere
A

Carol

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9
Q

What type of music were found in the churches attended by the populace in the medieval period?

  • Organum
  • Gregorian Chant
  • Chanson
  • Carol
  • Ordinary of the Mass
A

Organum

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10
Q

True/False: Word painting is the way composers rite music to reflect the literal meaning of the text.

A

True

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11
Q

Which of these elements describe secular music in the Renaissance?

  • Sacred topics
  • Vernacular language
  • Use of Latin
  • Smooth and predictable Melodies
  • May contain dissonance, cadences, or word paintings for emphasis
  • Social themes and stories
A
  • Vernacular Language
  • May contain dissonance, cadences, or word paintings for emphasis
  • Social themes and stories
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12
Q

True/False: A galliard is in duple meter.

A

False

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13
Q

Which of these elements describe sacred music in the Renaissance?

  • Sacred topics
  • Vernacular language
  • Use of Latin
  • Smooth and predictable melodies
  • May contain dissonance, cadences, or word paintings for emphasis
  • Social themes and stories
A
  • Sacred topics
  • Use of Latin
  • Smooth and predictable melodies
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14
Q

Which of these are stylistic elements of Renaissance music?

  • Instrumental music predominates the style, with some vocal music.
  • Harmonies reflect some of that tension through dissonance.
  • Melodies have a narrow range, however some secular music has notes that build tension, via a chromatic scale
  • Imitation polyphony becomes more prevalent in the motet.
  • Duple and triple meter are equally as popular,largely because of the increase in popularity of secular music.
A

Instrumental music predominates the style, with some vocal music.

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15
Q

Which of the following was NOT an important element in the Renaissance?

  • The symphony was developed in this period
  • Renaissance means “rebirth”
  • Secular music became more important in European society
  • Renaissance resulted in an increase in humanism
  • The melodies were more emotional and accessible
A

The symphony was developed in this period

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16
Q

True/False: A pavane is triple meter.

A

False

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17
Q

The Reformation had something to do with everything listed BUT:

  • Martin Luther founded the Council of Trent
  • Martin Luther posted the 95 complaints
  • Martin Luther Inspired the beginning of Protestantism
  • Palestrina continued to write polyphonic music
  • The Council of Trent was concerned about polyphonic writings it took away the importance of the text
A

Martin Luther founded the Council of Trent

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18
Q

Motet writing saw an increase in:

  • four-part, polyphonic imitation
  • monophonic texture
  • homophonic texture
  • Formal organization for the first time
  • All of these
A

four-part, polyphonic imitation

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19
Q

What is a figured bass?

  • The numbers that determine harmony in Baroque music
  • A specific bass line, where the accompanist that improvise over
  • The baroque development of playing low pitched instruments with ornimentation
  • How baroque artists would draw the male models
  • The polyphonic approach to writing for male singers
A

The numbers that determine harmony in Baroque music

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20
Q

What is basso continuo?

  • A specific bass line, where the accompanist that improvise over
  • The numbers that determine harmony in Baroque music
  • The baroque development of playing low pitched instruments with ornimentation
  • How baroque artists would draw the male models
  • The polyphonic approach to writing for male singers
A

A specific bass line, where the accompanist that improvise over

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21
Q

What was “The Doctrine of Emotions?”

  • Musical mood could influence the affections of the listener
  • Decree by the Council of Trent requiring more solemn writing
  • Establishment of strict meter such as duple or triple to glorify God
  • The doctrine that forbid instruments from being used in sacred music
  • The doctrine that forbid instruments from being used in sacred music
A

Musical mood could influence the affections of the listener

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22
Q

A Ritornello is:

  • an instrumental pause between each strophe
  • a song in the opera
  • speech like singing
  • a song for groups of people
  • the text of an opera
A

an instrumental pause between each strophe

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23
Q

What is Monody?

  • Songs for soloists
  • Songs for groups of people
  • Songs with harmony sung by one person
  • Songs that reflected emotional content
  • songs that were sacred, but sang outside of religious services
A

Songs for soloists

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24
Q

The Recitative is:

  • speech like singing
  • a song in the opera
  • an instrumental pause between each strophe
  • a song for groups of people
  • the text of an opera
A

speech like singing

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25
The new Baroque creators created new works that were considered - Elaborate - Pensive - Reflective - Solemn - Bright
Elaborate
26
The aria is: - a song in the opera - speech like singing - an instrumental pause between each strophe - a song for groups of people - the text of an opera
a song in the opera
27
What is a libretto? - The text of an opera - Wooden instrument that preceded the bassoon - The female vocalist who sings the highest notes - The male vocalist who sings the lowest notes - The male singer who had a procedure to remove a part of their body to sing higher
The text of an opera
28
True/False: Pachelbel's Canon in D features a basso continuo throughout.
True
29
What is "terraced dynamics?" - Quickly shifting the volume of sounds from one level to another - Beginnings of musical form was found in the verse/chorus in carols. - How baroque artists would draw the male models - Establishment of strict meter such as duple or triple to glorify God - The numbers that determine harmony in Baroque music
Quickly shifting the volume of sounds from one level to another
30
Which genre did Vivaldi NOT compose for? - Operas - Quartets - Sacred music - Concertos - Program music
Quartets
31
Which of these are NOT a characteristic quality of later Baroque instrumental music? - Melodies have larger leaps and a wider range than music that preceded it. - Harmonies are established by the use of major and minor tonalities, which are the building blocks of the harmonies we use even today. - The basso continuo was shunned as it was likened to music of earlier periods. - Instruments are developed into stable ones, which leads to the emergence of the string orchestra. - Meters become repetitive and rhythmic.
The basso continuo was shunned as it was likened to music of earlier periods
32
True/False: The Baroque orchestra was much smaller than our modern orchestras.
True
33
Which instrument is NOT part of the viol family? - Violoboe - Violoncello (cello) - Viola - Bass viol (double bass) - Violin
Violoboe
34
Which of 'The Four Seasons' is considered most famous? - Winter - Fall - Summer - Spring
Spring
35
What is rondo form? - AABCAA - ABA - None of these - the main theme returns again and again - ABACA
ABACA
36
What is ritornello form? - The main theme returns again and again - None of these - ABACA - AABCAA - ABA
The main theme returns again and again
37
What composition featured 24 pieces in every key? - The Well-Tempered Clavier - Art of the Fugue - Brandenburg Concerto - Mass in B minor - Lute Suite in E minor
The Well-Tempered Clavier
38
What do the blue lines represent? - Subjects - Counterpoint - Episode - Imitation - None of these
Subjects
39
In a fugue, what is an "exposition?" - opening section where each voice presents the subject - theme; primary musical idea. It is imitative with embellished cadences, which is played in multiple voices. - free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - "Point against point," that follows specific stylistic rules that help establish the harmony of the piece. - Two melodies that follow each other, yet are significantly contradictory
opening section where each voice presents the subject
40
Bach wrote the 'Brandenburg Concertos' while employed by the: - Prince of Cothen - Queen of Sheeba - Prince of Leipzig - Duke of Weimar - King Dr H
Prince of Cothen
41
In a fugue, what is an "episode?" - free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - opening section where each voice presents the subject - theme; primary musical idea. It is imitative with embellished cadences, which is played in multiple voices. - "Point against point," that follows specific stylistic rules that help establish the harmony of the piece. - Two melodies that follow each other, yet are significantly contradictory
free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate)
42
In a fugue, what is the "subject?" - theme; primary musical idea. It is imitative with embellished cadences, which is played in multiple voices. - opening section where each voice presents the subject - free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - "Point against point," that follows specific stylistic rules that help establish the harmony of the piece. - Two melodies that follow each other, yet are significantly contradictory
theme; primary musical idea. It is imitative with embellished cadences, which is played in multiple voices.
43
What is "counterpoint?" - "Point against point," that follows specific stylistic rules that help establish the harmony of the piece. - Two melodies that follow each other, yet are significantly contradictory - free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - theme; primary musical idea. It is imitative with embellished cadences, which is played in multiple voices. - opening section where each voice presents the subject
"Point against point," that follows specific stylistic rules that help establish the harmony of the piece.
44
What type of piece is "Wachet auf, rft uns die Stimme?" - Cantata - Oratorio - Chamber piece - Sonata - Exposition
Cantata
45
What type of composition did Bach write weekly in the latter part of his career? - Cantata - Lute Suite - Symphony - String quartet - Concerto
Cantata
46
Place the sections of the 'Messiah' in the correct order. - Prophecy and Birth - Triumph of the Gospel - Victory over Death
- Prophecy and Birth - Triumph of the Gospel - Victory over Death
47
George Frideric Handel was known for writing this type opera: - seria - buffa - comic - metallica - canon
seria
48
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an orchestral dance suite? - Divided into acts - All in one key - Some included a second, complimentary dance called a trio. - Most in binary (A B) form - Played by a full orchestra, trio, or solo
Divided into acts.
49
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an oratorio? - More expensive than an opera production - Dramatic function of the chorus - Divided into acts - Performed without costumes or scenery - Sacred text
More expensive than an opera production
50
An instrumental collection of 'stylized' dance movements, between 2 and 7 in a single piece: - Orchestral dance suite - Oratorio - Opera seria - Opera buffa
Orchestral dance suite
51
A large-scale genre of music involving an overture, arias, recitatives, and choruses. - Oratorio - Opera - Opera seria - Opera buffa
Oratorio
52
Which of the following is NOT true about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart? - Born in Vienna - He came from a musical family - He was a famous child prodigy - Toured throughout northern Europe and Italy, exposing him to a wealth of musical styles - He was a court musician in Salzburg in the 1770s.
Born in Vienna
53
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of the compositional style in the Classical period? - Has a driving rhythm of the Baroque coupled with rapidly moving harmonies - Mostly homophonic, especially when introducing themes - Use of crescendo and diminuendo - Counterpoint used sparingly and mainly for contrast - Tempo and meter remain the same, but with a more flexible rhythm.
Has a driving rhythm of the Baroque coupled with rapidly moving harmonies
54
Which of the following is NOT true about Joseph Haydn? - Last of the great composers to move the Vienna - Worked as a freelance musician in the 1750s - Was so revered by fellow composers, and the ones that followed, Haydn was affectionately known as Papa Haydn - Served as a choirboy and studied composition, violin, and keyboard at Saint Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna - Engaged as music director for the court of Hungarian Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy
Last of the great composers to move to Vienna
55
True/False: Melodies in the classical period consisted of long phrases that were more elaborate than those found in the Baroque period.
False
56
Which of the following is NOT true about music in Vienna during the Classical period? - The price of pianos was often cost prohibitive for most musicians - There were plenty of amateur performers - Musicians from all of Europe migrated there - There were aristocratic patrons who supported musicians of the era There were plenty of public concerts
The price of pianos was often cost prohibitive for most musicians
57
Which of these were NOT a characteristic of Opera Buffa? - Songs that were clear yet serious in nature - Expressed middle class values; satire of pompous and incompetent aristocrats - Social satire, sight gags, bawdy humor - Reflected social change as well as inspired it - Use of everyday characters and situations
Songs that were clear yet serious in nature
58
Which of these are not true about the invention of the piano? - It became the preferred instrument by the royalty because of its cost - Amateur music making in the home, and many amateur pianists were women - Simpler, more homophonic style of keyboard music - Originally named the pianoforte. Replaced the harpsichord, could play more than one dynamic level - Invented around 1700
It became the preferred instrument by the royalty because of its cost
59
Which of these were NOT characteristics of the Enlightenment? - Following established political ideology - Pursuit of truth and discovery of natural laws - Music that would have pleasing variety and natural simplicity that fits the ideals of the period. Growth of the middle class - Voltaire and Roseau espoused social justice, equality, religious tolerance, freedom of speech
Following established political ideology
60
Which of the following were NOT reflective of Neoclassicism? - Free formal characteristics - Emulation of the art of ancient Greece and Rom - Ornate decoration avoided - Feeling of "higher quality" - Geometric shapes, balance, symmetry, proportion
Free formal characteristics
61
Put the following parts of ternary form in order: - Statement - Contrast - Recurrence
- Statement - Contrast - Recurrence
62
In Sonata form, what is "recapitulation?" - Imitation polyphony becomes more prevalent - Continues to use strict meter such as duple or triple - Presets thematic material - Themes return, usually in original order - Thematic material is expanded and altered
Themes return, usually in original order
63
In 'Eine kleine Nachtmusik,' which of these is not a characteristic of the development section? - Rising scales in unison - Retransition (dominant pitch held in violins and then bass) - Abrupt change; closing theme developed; multiple modulations - First theme developed briefly - The original key is avoided
The original key is avoided
64
In a Sonata Allegro form, what is "exposition?" - Themes return, usually in original order - Thematic material is expanded and altered - Presents thematic material - Continues to use strict meter such as duple or triple - Imitation polyphony becomes more prevalent
Presents thematic material
65
In Sonata form, what is "development?" - Imitation polyphony becomes more prevalent - Thematic material is expanded and altered - Continues to use strict meter such as duple or triple - Themes return, usually in original order - Presents thematic material
Thematic material is expanded and altered
66
Match the movements of a common 4-movement plan in the classical era to its correct tempo. - Sonata allegro - Ternary, theme and variations, or rondo - Ternary form (minuet and trio) - Sonata-allegro, theme and variations, or rondo
- Sonata allegro: Fast - Ternary, theme and variations, or rondo: Slow - Ternary form (minuet and trio): Moderate or lively - Sonata-allegro, theme and variations, or rondo: Fast
67
In most recapitulation sections, which of these is true? - The opening section where each voice presents the subject - Opening section where each voice presents the subject - Free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - Themes from the exposition return, but now the second tonal area and closing material are in the tonic key - The original key is avoided
Themes from the exposition return, but now the second tonal area and closing material are in the tonic key
68
How many themes are in the first tonal section of 'Eine kleine Nachtmusik?' - None - 1 - 4 - 2 - 3
3
69
True or False: this is the correct makeup of the Exposition in a Sonata-Allegro movement: - The first tonal area states theme(s) in the home key - Transition or bridge modulates and moves the music forward - The Second tonal area states theme(s) in the contrasting key - The Closing material uses frequent cadences to signal the end of the exposition
True
70
True/False: A theme and variations piece must retain the melody in each version as the piece progresses.
False
71
Who wrote the first recognized Theme and Variations? - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Johannes Brahms - Joseph Haydn - Ludwig Van Beethoven - Johann Sebastian Bach
Joseph Haydn
72
How many movements are in Haydn's 'Trumpet Concerto in Eb? - 3 - 5 - 4 - 3, but there is a bonus coda - None of these
3
73
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of rondo form? - One of the oldest musical forms - Theme that has slight changes in each version that follows - Refrain (A) alternates with contrasting music (B, C, etc.), usually with at least two contrasting sections - Often used for the last movement (finale) of instrumental genres - "happy ending" - Typically light, quick and jovial
Theme that has slight changes in each version that follows
74
What is the tempo characteristic of the second movement of Haydn's "Surprise Symphony" (Opus 94)? - Presto - Allegro - Fast - Moderately - Slow
Slow
75
True/False: The difficulty of Haydn's Concerto anticipates the continued technical development of the trumpet since prior to 1800, trumpets and horns were natural instruments.
True
76
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a concerto? - Considered by most as the most intimate of all genres from the classical period - Three movements, fast-slow-fast (minuet omitted) - Includes a Cadenza, that incorporates themes from the movement; provides an opportunity for soloist to show off, often by improvising - Mozart credited with creating the modern piano concerto - Large-scale genre for instrumental soloist and orchestra, intended for a public audience
Considered by most as the most intimate of all genres from the classical period
77
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the string quartet? - Written in response to the Italian sinfonia - To be enjoyed by the players themselves - Four movements: fast-slow-minuet-fast - Two violins - One person to a part
Written in response to the Italian sinfonia
78
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Symphony? - Origins in the Italian sinfonia - The choir only sings in the final movement - Multi-movement for orchestra - Movements are organized as fast-slow-minuet-fast - Significant genre for public concerts
The choir only sings in the final movement
79
True/False: The Recapitulation in the first movement Symphony No. 40 in G minor avoids the tonic key (minor), and instead modulates to a contrasting major key.
False
80
Match the number of players with the appropriate section of a typical orchestra - Strings - Horns and trumpets (for festive pieces) - Woodwinds - Timpani (for festive pieces)
- Strings: 27 - Horns and trumpets (for festive pieces): 4 - Woodwinds: 8 - Timpani (for festive pieces): 2
81
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a sonata? - Often used for piano students - Least published genre of the 18th century - Three or four movement: fast - slow - (minuet/scherzo) - fast - Performed by professionals and amateurs - Genre of chamber music for solo piano or solo instrument accompanied by piano
Least published genre of the 18th century
82
Which of these genres are NOT considered to be important in the Classical period? - String quartet - Symphony - Sonata - Orchestral dance suite - Concerto
Orchestral dance suite
83
Organize the components of the development section of the first movement in Mozart's 'Symphony No. 40 in G minor.' - First theme used as a fugue subject - Opening motive moving through keys - Features dominant pedal and woodwind timbre - First theme modulates through several distant keys
- First theme used as a fugue subject: Second - Opening motive moving through keys: Third - Features dominant pedal and woodwind timbre: Fourth - First theme modulates through several distant keys: First
84
Which of these characteristics are NOT found in the first theme of Mozart's Symphony no. 40? - Irregular rhythms that propel the movement forward - Balanced by descending conjunct movement - Antecedent/consequent phrases - Dramatic leap upward - Begins with tight, descending 1/2-step motive
Irregular rhythms that propel the movement forward
85
The women in the opera 'Don Giovanni' were portrayed as: - complex characters - servants to Don Giovanni - static characters - emotionless characters - Don Giovanni himself
complex characters
86
How did Mozart change opera? - He focused on stories based on German fables - He created a new kind of opera that mixed serious and comic elements into powerful effects - He married sacred and secular music to appeal to a wider audience - He was the first to use wind instruments in opera - All of these
He focused on stories based on German fables
87
Which of these characteristics is NOT true about Mozart's operas? - He was the first to introduce the cantata to the opera stage - Lorenzo da Ponte wrote most of Mozart's librettos - Mozart wrote Italian opera seria, and modern opera buffa - Mozart wrote German Singspiel (spoken dialogue and songs) - He wrote Die Zauberflote (The Magic Flute)
He was the first to introduce the cantata to the opera stage
88
In the opera 'Don Giovanni,' who is the "Commandant?" - elderly father of Donna Anna - aristocrat, villain - a virtuous woman; one of many conquests - servant to Don Giovanni - An engaged peasant girl
elderly father of Donna Anna
89
In the opera 'Don Giovanni,' who was "Leporello?" - servant to Don Giovanni - aristocrat, villain - a virtuous woman; one of many conquests - elderly father of Donna Anna - An engaged peasant girl
servant to Don Giovanni
90
Which of these are NOT a reason that vocal ensembles were used in operas in the classical period? - Vocal ensembles sang sacred music to evoke feelings of church music - Each character responds to the dramatic action - Ensemble often closes a scene or act - Typifies the more democratic spirit of the late 18th-century - All of these
Vocal ensembles sang sacred music to evoke feelings of church music
91
In the opera 'Don Giovanni,' who was "Don Giovanni?" - aristocrat, villain - servant to Don Giovanni - a virtuous woman; one of many conquests - elderly father of Donna Anna - An engaged peasant girl
aristocrat, villain
92
Which of these are NOT a characteristic of opera buffa? - Harmonic elements were serious in nature - Realistic characters - Recitative and aria - Fast changes in mood - Fast changes in mood
Harmonic elements were serious in nature
93
In the opera 'Don Giovanni,' who is the "Zerlina?" - An engaged peasant girl - elderly father of Donna Anna - aristocrat, villain - a virtuous woman; one of many conquests - servant to Don Giovanni
An engaged peasant girl
94
True/False: In the classical period, there were Short, balanced phrases create tuneful melodies; melody more influenced by vocal than instrumental style; frequent cadences produce light, airy feeling.
True
95
Which of these statements are NOT representative of Beethoven's legacy? - A tragic figure, in that though not only was Beethoven was deaf (superhuman), and he failed to gain popularity while alive - Beethoven expanded musical techniques and orchestration - Beethoven's attitude toward his patrons drastically different, as he considered himself their equals - Beethoven wrote music that made new demands on the listener, as he challenged rather than merely entertained - Beethoven expanded size of orchestra and length of the symphony
A tragic figure, in that though not only was Beethoven was deaf (superhuman), and he failed to gain popularity while alive
96
Which is NOT true about Beethoven's Ninth symphony? - The orchestra size was reduced to evoke the character of music written in earlier eras - It was the first symphony to include a chorus - Beethoven struggled 20 years to craft the perfect melody for the text - The text honors the idea of universal brotherhood - The chorus only appears in the fourth movement
The orchestra size was reduced to evoke the character of music written in earlier eras
97
Which of the following is NOT true about Beethoven's "Pathetique" sonata, Op. 13? - Was the first sonata to avoid an "allegro" first movement - The title suggests passion and pathos - Extremes of range, dynamics, tempo - Beethoven played it frequently in aristocratic homes - More virtuosic than any earlier sonata
Was the first sonata to avoid and "allegro" first movement
98
Which of the following is NOT true about Beethoven's later life? - He finally found his "Immortal Beloved" bringing him relief and joy while his health deteriorated - Two large-scale compositions (Missa Solemnis, 1823, and the 9th Symphony, 1824). - He mostly composed introspective chamber music - He had total deafness, and was withdrawn from society - Beethoven's music was more remote and inaccessible
He finally found his "Immortal Beloved" bringing him relief and joy while his health deteriorated
99
Which of these are NOT a characteristic of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony? - Harmonic progressions are more similar to the Baroque period rather than the Classical - Four movements convey a sense of psychological progression - Cyclic; use of thematic transformation - Composed between 1804 and 1808 - Expanded orchestra (trombones, piccolo, contrabassoon
Harmonic progressions are more similar to the Baroque period rather than the Classical
100
True/False: In the Classical period, the rate at which chords change (harmonic rhythm) moved quicker than the Baroque period. Alberti bass s shunned in favor of faster chord movement.
False
101
True/False: In the Classical period, there were standard formal principles, such as in sonata-allegro, theme and variations, Rondo, ternary (minuets and trios), and double exposition (for solo concerto)
True
102
Which of the following is NOT true about Beethoven early in his career? - He studied with Mozart in Vienna - He played louder, more forcefully, and more violently than any other pianist Vienna had heard - He gained support from wealthy patrons - His father was an abusive alcoholic who forcibly made him practice the keyboard at all hours - He gained entry into houses of the wealthy due to his phenomenal ability as a pianist.
He studied with Mozart in Vienna
103
How long was 'Symphonie fantastique?' - 20 minutes - 120 minutes - 55 minutes - 35 minutes - 45 minutes
55 minutes
104
Which of the following is NOT true about the virtuosos in the Romantic Period? - The virtuoso attributed their prowess as a divine gift and focused on sacred music as a result - Franz Liszt was a piano virtuoso - Virtuosos would perform tricks and gimmicks - The quote "The attraction of the virtuoso is like that of a circus performer; there's always the hope that something disastrous will happen" can be attributed to the virtuoso - Niccolo Paganini was a violin virtuoso
The virtuoso attributed their prowess as a divine gift and focused on sacred music as a result
105
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the Romantic compositional style? - Monumental compositions - More instruments - Extreme dynamic levels (from pppp to ffff) as opposed to Classical levels of pp to ff - Form was the dictating force, as it established reasonable balance - Greater length and scope in arts and ideas
Form was the dictating force, as it established reasonable balance
106
Which of these is NOT true for Rubato? - Exaggerates the rhythmic flow - Italian for "robbed" time - stretching and squeezing the beat - Gives performers more artistic freedom - Heard especially in the music of Frederic Chopin - Percussion instruments avoid it so it does not seem as if they are making mistakes
Percussion instruments avoid it so it does not seem as if they are making mistakes
107
Which of these is not true for harmony in the Romantic period? - Colorful harmony contributes to the emotional intensity - Unexpected harmonic shifts - Harmony changes often to propel the chords forward - Use of chromatic harmony, temporary dissonance - Sense of longing through prolonged dissonance
Harmony changes often to propel the cords forward
108
Which of the following is NOT an attribute of the conductor? - The conductor fell into the role as the "Interpreter of the music." - The conductor was viewed as the one who had to be able to play and conduct at the same time in the Romantic period, differing from modern conductors. - Conductors started using a baton in the Romantic period - The conductor was required since the Romantic period was a "golden age for construction of larger concert halls." - Larger ensembles needed a "Larger, more complex music needed a musical "traffic cop" for balance and changing dynamics, tempo, mood, etc."
The conductor was viewed as the one who had to be able to play and conduct at the same time in the romantic period, differing from modern conductors.
109
Mark "yes" if the attribute on the right matches the romantic period: - Exploring the darker side of human nature - Universal values - "Pursuit of happiness," fulfillment - Fascination with the occult, supernatural, and the macabre - The monuments of ancient Greece and Rome - Longing, despair (love) - Original, individual - Reason - Rules and forms, balance - Emotion - Passionate self-expression - Wonders and wildness of nature, fantasy, supernatural
- Exploring the darker side of human nature: Yes - Universal values: No - "Pursuit of happiness," fulfillment: No - Fascination with the occult, supernatural, and the macabre: Yes - The monuments of ancient Greece and Rome: No - Longing, despair (love): Yes - Original, individual: Yes - Reason: No - Rules and forms, balance: No - Emotion: Yes - Passionate self-expression: Yes - Wonders and wildness of nature, fantasy, supernatural: Yes
110
Match the column with the answer on the right: These genres were performed in the romantic period - Symphony - Concerto - Art Song - Orchestra Dance Suite - Symphonic poem - String quartet - Piano sonata - Opera - Motets - Madrigals - Pavane - Galliard
- Symphony: Yes - Concerto: Yes - Art Song: Yes - Orchestra Dance Suite: No - Symphonic poem: No - String quartet: Yes - Piano sonata: Yes - Opera: Yes - Motets: No - Madrigals: No - Pavane: No - Galliard: No
111
What is NOT true about Robert Schumann (1810-1856)? - He wrote Lieder - He was afflicted with increasing mental illness - He permanently damaged his own right hand - He married his piano teacher's daughter - He is best known for his symphonic works
He is best known for his symphonic works
112
Which of the following is NOT a consideration of the Art Song? - Liberttists fell out of favor with the emergence of the art song. - Expresses emotions without words - Art song most intensely cultivated in German-speaking lands - Music intensifies poetic sentiments - Poets viewed music as the purest of the arts
Liberttists fell out of favor with the emergence of the art song.
113
Which of the following musical details about the 'Erlking' (1815) is NOT true? - It reinforces the song's mood and narrative details as a dramatic partner to the voice - Piano not a mere accompaniment - Schubert captures sense of terror and detail of galloping horse in the accompaniment figure that pounds throughout the song. - All of these - The chords at the end signal how the boy is ultimately saved
The chords at the end signal how the boy is ultimately saved
114
Which of the following is NO true about Franz Schubert's 'Erlking'(1815)? - A father and his feverish son riding through the night - Text by Goethe (1749-1832) - They are tormented by the evil King of the Elves, who desires to take the soul of a young boy. - A romantic ballad - Romantic fascination with the supernatural
A romantic ballad
115
What is NOT true about Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)? - One of the top piano virtuosos of the 19th century - toured Europe as a prodigy - She achieved fame in the latter years of her life - toured as a performer to the age of 70 - Played piano and was a composer
She achieved fame in the latter years of her life
116
Which of the following is NOT true about Clara Schumann "Liebst du um Schonheit" (1841)? - Modest alterations between stanzas - Poem by Joseph Eichendorff (1788-1857) - Form: modified strophic - the translation is "If you for desire" - Written by Clara shortly after her marriage to Robert Schumann
The translation is "If you for desire"
117
Match the following terms from the left column with the best description on the right - Art Song - Lied (plural Lieder) - Song cycle
- Art Song: Song for solo voice and piano accompaniment, with high artistic aspirations - Lied (plural Lieder): German for "song" - Song cycle: A collection of several songs united by a common theme or literary idea
118
Which of the following is NOT representative of ballet music? - Was restricted to the 19th century with the rise of popular dance forms from the west - Dramatic dance in which characters tell a story through dance steps and pantomime - First performed as a diversion during operas - Tchaikovsky's talents uniquely suited to ballet through "Short segment" style - Initially started at the French court of Louis XIV
Was restricted to the 19th century with the rise of popular dance forms from the west
119
Which is NOT representative of nationalism in music? - National subjects - Native dance rhythms - Local instrumental sounds - Indigenous folk song - Smaller orchestra to represent a more intimate delivery
Smaller orchestra to represent a more intimate delivery
120
Which is NOT true about the orchestra in the Romantic period - New instruments, such as Piccolo, trombone, tuba, English horn, contrabassoon, we added - More dynamic contrast - Longer symphonies - More contrapuntal movement - Technological advances in instruments
More contrapuntal movement
121
What is NOT true about Musorgsky, 'Pictures at an Exhibition' (1874)? - Irregular meter (like irregular accents in Russian language) - Western classical procedures with Russian folk elements - Pentatonic scale - There are recurs between movements, as if strolling between art pieces - Move towards devices that represent 'primitive' man
Move towards devices that represent 'primitive' man
122
Which of the following is NOT representative of program music? - Music that does not have extra musical references - Instrumental music that depicts in sound the events and emotions of something external to the music: story, play, legend, poem, novel, historical event - lyrical melody evokes love - Trumpet calls represents the arrival of a hero - Dissonance evokes a sense of conflict
Music that does not have extra musical references
123
Match the piece in the left column to the type of composition in the right column - Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique - Sleeping Beauty (1889) - Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture - Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake - Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker
- Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique: Program Symphony - Sleeping Beauty (1889): Ballet - Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture: Dramatic Overture - Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet: Tone Poem - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake: Ballet - Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker: Ballet
124
Which of the following is NOT true of Franz Liszt's public persona? - Audience response was sensational, often hysterical ("Lisztomania") - International touring virtuoso - Created the modern recital - there was a public outcry that he married Clara Wieck - Flamboyant artistic personality
there was a public outcry that he married Clara Wieck
125
True/False: 'Carnaval' is a set of 13 short, intimate pieces appropriate for middle-class parlor.
False
126
Which of the following is NOT true of Robert Schumann? - Career as a pianist ended with a self-inflicted hand injury - Started the high-end music magazine Die neue Zeitschrit fur Musik - He had the longest career of any Romantic era composer - Wrote Lieder and large-scale works - In 1830s, occupied himself with writing collections of piano pieces (Carnaval, Kinderscenen)
He had the longest career of any Romantic era composer
127
Which of the following is NOT true of Frederic Chopin? - Many compositions based on Polish daces - Called the "King of the Piano" - Became a voice for Polish musical nationalism - Used of tempo rubato extensively - Primarily composed for the piano
Called the "King of Piano"
128
True/False: Cross-hand playing-moving the left hand over the right hand to play a high melody.
True
129
True/False: An Etude is a short, one-movement composition written to improve a specific performance technique.
True
130
Which of the points about the evolution of the piano is NOT true? - Cross-stringing created richer, more homogeneous sound - Foot pedals (sustaining pedal and soft pedal) - Piano as a status symbol in the home - Large market for sheet music - The piano increased from 61 to 108 keys
The piano increased from 61 to 108 keys
131
Which of the following is NOT true of Franz Liszt's performance and compositional career? - He championed the single soloist for the concert hall - Wrote for his own performances - He was equally adapt at performing on the violin - Compositions demand great virtuosity - Played from memory
He was equally adapt at performing on the violin
132
True/False: The pieces of 'Kinderscenen' was composed so "grown-ups" would reminiscence of their upbringing (according to Schumann), and were not composed for children.
True
133
Which of the following is NOT representative of Bel Canto style? - Led to the rise of the prima donna or diva (lead soprano, usually the heroine) - Exalted the leading opera singers - Early creators of bel canto include Mozart and Haydn - Orchestra provides simple harmonic support - Emphasizes beautiful vocal melodies
Early creators of bel canto include Mozart and Haydn
134
What is Cabeletta? - Slow recitative between arias of the second act (to emphasize dramatic impact) - Treatment of text in making a story into an opera - A sandwich with olives, salami, ham and swiss cheese - A fast display piece (aria) creating an emphatic declaration and a dramatic exit - Ornamentation style that began with the Romantic period
A fast display piece (aria) creating an emphatic declaration and a dramatic exit
135
Which of the following is NOT representative of Verdi's 'La traviata' (1853)? - Courtesan character Violetta in play and opera based on Marie Duplessis - Draws on the author's personal experience - Pits passionate love against middle-class morality - Title means "The Woman Gone Astray" - It is based on the play The Vicomte of Bragelonne by Alexandre Dumas (the older)
It is based on the play The Vicomte of Bragelonne by Alexandre Dumas (the older)
136
Which of the following does NOT describe facts about Giuseppe Verdi? - Dramas written in his middle period (including La Traviata) support political revolution and freedom - Last two operas based on Shakespearean dramas (Otello, Falstaff) - His works of his later period turned to domestic themes and personal conflict - He was not famous while alive, but became famous after his death - His early dramas support political revolution and freedom
He was not famous while alive, but became famous after his death
137
True/False: Violetta, having at first thought Alfredo might be "Mr. Right," in time rejects this notion vowing to remain "always free."
True
138
Which of the following is NOT representative of Verdi's Dramaturgy and Musical Style? - Intense passion and nonstop action - Dramatic character portrayal - Arias are written in a narrow range of the singers so that their power is focused - Conflict - personal or national - the root of every emotion - Memorable melodies and musical contrast
Arias are written in a narrow range of the singers so that their power is focused
139
Which of the following is NOT true about Richard Wagner? - He was largely self-taught - He was a poet, philosopher, politician, propagandist, visionary who believed his operas would revolutionize society - He was forced to leave Germany in 1848 for political reasons - He inspired extreme reactions - First big success with the opera Lohengrin (1848)
First big success with the opera Lohengrin (1848)
140
Which of the following attributes were NOT associated with Wagner's operas? - Avoids melodic repetition, symmetry, and regular cadences - "Endless melody" - seamless flow of music - Features tuneful arias and vocal ensembles - Called his operas "music dramas" - Heightens the importance of the orchestra
Features tuneful arias and vocal ensembles
141
What is NOT true about "Leitmotif?" - Interaction of different leitmotifs conveys meaning - In order to be independent from other tonal elements, occurs just once per movement - Suggests the character's subconscious thought - Brief, distinctive unit of music - Represents a character, object, idea
In order to be independent from other tonal elements, occurs just once per movement
142
Which of the following is NOT true of Wagner's magnum opus, 'Der Ring des Nibelungen?' - A special theatre was built in Hamburg, Germany, for his operas - Explores power, greed heroism, race - Initially performed at the First Bayreuth Festival in 1876 - Funded by King Ludwig II of Bavaria - A timeless fantasy and a timely allegory for the 19th-century German society
A special theatre was built in Hamburg, Germany, for his operas
143
Which of these was NOT a part of 'Der Ring des Nibelungen?' - Das Rheingold - Die Walkure - Rienzi - Siegfried - Gotterdammerung
Rienzi
144
Match the phrase on the left column with the best associated term on the right - Chief of the gods - The house of the gods - Leader of the warriors - High-flying, hard-riding women warrior - Total Work of Art
- Chief of the gods: Wotan - The house of the gods: Valhalla - Leader of the warriors: Brunnhilde - High-flying, hard-riding women warrior: Valkyrie - Total Work of Art: Gesamtkunstwerk
145
Which of the following is NOT representative of 'La boheme?' - Music transcends the limitations of the drama - The musical Les Miserables is an adaption of La boheme - Featured Bel canto singing - Featured less distinction between recitative and aria - Explores emotions of love, hope, and despair
The musical Les Miserables is an adaption of La boheme
146
Which of these were NOT true about social realism in the 19th century? - Find aesthetic value in the ordinary, even ugly - Often deals with lower classes - Promoted increased opportunities for the aristocracy - Pessimistic - Concerned with issues of everyday life in a realistic way
Promoted increased opportunities for the aristocracy
147
Which of the following is NOT representative of Giacomo Puccini? - Verismo opera: Italian realistic opera - Descended from four generations of musicians living in Lucca, Italy - Member of the the Italian aristocracy - Heir to the tradition of Verdi - Concluded the golden century of Italian opera
Member of the Italian aristocracy
148
Which of these are NOT facts regarding Georges Bizet's 'Carmen?' - The aristocracy was outraged because of their portrayal - Violent ending - Main character a seductive gypsy woman - Considered obscene by first audiences - Spanish-influenced elements in the music
The aristocracy was outraged because of their portrayal
149
True/False: Social realism was an artistic reaction to the ill effects of the Industrial Revolution.
True
150
Which of the following is NOT representative of 'Turandot?' - She is also searching for an unnamed prince, as she loves him, but also wants to kill him - The main character is seductive and evasive - Based in Asia - Plot chronicles the actions of Queen Turandot, including some of her evil deeds - Uses a pentatonic to reinforce the sound of the music written in Asia
The main character is seductive and evasive
151
Which of the following is NOT representative of "Haberna" from 'Carmen?' - The dancer attempts to impress Don Jose (as well as other soldiers and gypsys) - Literally, "think from Havana" (Cuba) - Carmen hides her secuality by incorporating multiple layers of clothing for the scene - Music seductive and evasive, like the main character - Dance-song with a distinct rhythm
Carmen hides her secuality by incorporating multiple layers of clothing for the scene
152
What is NOT true about Dvorak's Symphony No. 9 in E minor "From the New World?" - The piece was premiered at the new Carnegie Hall in New York - The piece is a tribute to the memory of some distant home - The work is considered as the capstone of his career and is his best-known work - Is Dvorak's most nationalist piece, even though he was not in Bohemia - the piece was influenced by Indigenous music of African Americans and Native Americans
Is Dvorak's most nationalist piece, even though he was not in Bohemia
153
What is NOT true of Gustav Mahler? - Composer and conductor - Last in the long line of great German symphonists that extends back to Haydn - Was so nationalistic that he refused to perform in the United States - Wrote only orchestral songs and symphonies - Wrote symphonies of great size and length; use of solo voice and chorus in symphonies
Was so nationalistic that he refused to perform in the United States
154
What was NOT true about Johannes Brahms? - Brahms was one of the few composers that did not play an instrument - Brahms was a champion of absolute music - Lived a modest ("un-Wagnerian") lifestyle - Revered Beethoven and humbled by Beethoven's legacy - Brahms was a lifelong friend of Robert and Clara Schumann
Brahms was one of the few composers that did not play an instrument
155
Which of these would NOT be a characteristic of romantic values and concert halls? - Romantic ideals led to the construction of smaller, more intimate venues - The conductor fell into the role as the "interpreter of the music" - The romantic period was a golden age for construction of large concert halls - The concert hall becomes a "museum of past compositions" - Concert culture was for Educating and morally uplifting, not just entertaining
Romantic ideals led to the construction of smaller, more intimate venues
156
What was NOT a characteristic of the orchestral song (or orchestral 'Lied')? - Early songs often provided inspiration for later music - Large orchestra adds more color and more contrapuntal lines - Full orchestra replaces the piano as the medium of accompaniment - to maintain intimacy, brass instruments were not used - Orchestral songs grew longer, denser, and more complex than the piano-accompanied art song
To maintain intimacy, brass instruments were not used
157
What is not true about Brahm's the third movement, "Rhondo," in Violin Concerto in D major? - It included double stops - It included chromatic scales - It was bright, lighthearted, sometimes humorous - One of the few rondos that actually had an allegro form - It included extended arpeggios
One of the few rondos that actually had an allegro form
158
What is NOT true of Antonin Dvorak? - He represented musical nationalism - He worked as a freelance violinist and organist in Prague while composing - He was the director of the newly founded National Conservatory in New York - the Slavonic Dances (1878) published for piano, made him wildly famous in Europe - A native of Bohemia, he wrote his ninth symphony in Prague
A native of Bohemia, he wrote his ninth symphony in Prague
159
What was NOT a characteristic of the late romantic symphony and concerto? - The star virtuoso performer mesmerized audiences - Concertos were in four movements - Composers wrote fewer symphonies and concerti - Movement became longer - Symphonies were in four movements
Concertos were in four movements
160
What is NOT true about Brahm's 'Ein Deutsches Requiem?' - The piece is an hour long, seven movement work - The piece is a profession of faith that extends sounds of solace to all who have suffered the loss of a loved one (such as his mentor, Robert Schumann, and his mother) - The text was in French to honor his mother - The piece brought the sacred Requiem Mass (mass of the burial of the dead) into the secular concert hall - The piece was a blend of homophonic and polyphonic textures
The text was in French to honor his mother
161
Which of these is NOT an attribute in Debussy's 'Preludes?' - Chromaticism: representative of feathers or leaves lightly falling - Whole-Tone Scale: A scale in which each note is separated by a whole tone interval - Glissando: Gliding between two pitches - Ostinato: A motif that recurs, typically in the same voice - Parallel Motion: Motion in the same direction, maintaining the same intervals
Chromaticism: representative of feathers or leaves lightly falling
162
Which is NOT true about Maurice Ravel? - Originally born in Spain - Wrote Spanish Rhapsody (orchestra, 1907); The Spanish Hour (opera, 1911); Bolero (modern-style ballet, 1928) - Spent most of his life in Paris - Teacher and composer - Successfully toured United States (1928)
Originally born in Spain
163
Which of the following is NOT true about Claude Debussy? - Majority of his career spent in Paris - Works include Bolero and Gymnopedies - Won the Prix de Rome in 1884 - Traveled to Italy, Russia,and Vienna thanks to his patron Nadezhda Von Meck - Studied piano, composition, and music theory at the Paris Conservatory
Works include Bolero and Gymnopedies
164
Which of the following is NOT representative of Impressionism in Music? - Rhythm: Free, flexible rhythms with irregular accents - Harmony: Static harmony instead of strong cadences; use of 7th and 9th chords; parallel motion - Color: Soloistic writing; emphasis on woodwinds and brass - Texture: Varies from thin and airy to heavy and dense; primarily homophonic - Form: Incorporated forms from the Renaissance and the Baroque - Melody: Motives rather than long themes; use of whole-tone, pentatonic, and chromatic scales to obscure tonic
Form: Incorporated forms from the Renaissance and the Baroque
165
Which of these is NOT an attribute in 'Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun?' - No repeating rhythms or clear-cut meters - Written to precede a stage reading of the poem The Afternoon of a Faun by Stephane Mallarme - Repetitive, hypnotic music, moving inexorably towards a frenzied climax - Exploits distinctive orchestral colors, especially woodwinds, more than melody - Illustrates dream-like mood, vague and elusive
Repetitive, hypnotic music, moving inexorably towards a frenzied climax
166
Which of these are NOT representative of Impressionism in Visual Art? - Spots of color and short brush strokes create movement and fluidity - Result of anti-German sentiments - Importance of light - Against representational art; experience of a moment rather than exact representation - Centered around art created in Brussels
Centered around art created in Brussels
167
Which of these do NOT represent exoticism in music? - Foreign subject, such as music of Spain, for a program - Folk rhythm - Free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate) - The Far East was particularly intriguing - Non-western musical instruments
Free sections where the subject is not heard in its entirety (often uses sequences to modulate)
168
Which of these attributes are NOT found in "Sails" from Debussy's 'Preludes?' - Use of ostinato - Hazy, languid atmosphere - Depiction of flying in the sky - Use of the whole-ton scale and the pentatonic scale - Fluid descent in mostly parallel motion
Depiction of flying in the sky
169
Match the stylistic qualities with correct movement in music - Long, expressive melodies - Color "for its own sake" - "Anti-climactic" cadences - Clear rhythms/meters - Strong climaxes/cadences - Static, undulating harmony - Color reinforces themes - Obscure beat/meter - Purposeful chord progressions - Short motives
- Long, expressive melodies: Romanticism - Color "for its own sake": Impressionism - "Anti-climactic" cadences: Impressionism - Clear rhythms/meters: Romanticism - Strong climaxes/cadences: Romanticism - Static, undulating harmony: Impressionism - Color reinforces themes: Romanticism - Obscure beat/meter: Impressionism - Purposeful chord progressions: Romanticism - Short motives: Impressionism
170
Which of these is NOT representative of harmony in modernism? - Atonality - Importance of triads - Tone clusters - Polychords - Polytonality
Importance of triads
171
Which of these attributes is NOT true for the 12-tone compositional approach? - Audiences embraced the innovative new sound - It was a way to give structure to atonal music - A type of serial music (music in which elements, such as pitch, timbre, or dynamics, come in a fixed series) - No note repetition until the entire row is played, which is consistent throughout the entire composition - The compositional method was created by Schoenberg
Audiences embraced the innovative new sound
172
Which of the following is NOT true about Modernism? - Developments in the arts mirrored the unsettled times - The movement expanded the popularity of music for the concert hall than ever before - Shock began to replace beauty as the defining component of musical art - Turning away from the predominantly idealistic, sentimental aesthetics of Romanticism - Partially because of the upheaval of the Franco-Prussian War and WWI
The movement expanded the popularity of music for the concert hall than ever before
173
Which of these aesthetics is NOT true for modernism? - Complete lack of organization - Disjunction, anxiety, hysteria - Discard the idea that art should be beautiful - Reaction the vales of Romanticism - Radical experimentation, shock value
Complete lack of organization
174
Which of these is NOT representative of melody in modernism? - More chromaticism - Avoids simple intervals for more dissonant ones - Fragmented and angular - Octave displacement - Conjunct movement
Conjunct movement
175
Which of these is NOT true about 'Le Sacre du printemps?' - Continuation of the sonata form with modern elements - The greatest masterpieces of modern music - Primitivism (attempts to capture the unadorned lines, raw energy, and elemental truth of non-Western art and apply it in a Modernist context) - A riot broke out because of the shocking music and choreography - Russian folk elements
Continuation of the sonata form with modern elements
176
Which of these is NOT true about Igor Stravinsky? - A citizen of Russia, France, and later the United States - Personified the culture pluralism and stylistic diversity of cutting-edge art music - Preference for percussive sounds and winds - Composed in many genres and styles - Driving rhythms - Simple, minimalist harmonies
Simple, minimalist harmonies
177
Which of these is NOT true about Arnold Schoenberg? - His harmonies were exceedingly dissonant - Composer and theorist of the Second Viennese School, and teacher of both Berg and Webern - Created atonal music (without a tonal center) - His melodies were highly angular, disjunct - Expanded the impressionist approach started by Debussy
Expanded the impressionist approach started by Debussy
178
Which of these compositional devices were NOT featured in 'Le Sacre du printemps?' - Percussive orchestra - Strong sense of metrical regularity - Ostinatos with fast tempos give the music and incessant, driving quality - Irregular accents - Explosive syncopations - Dissonant polychords
Strong sense of metrical regularity
179
True/False: The formal structure of 'Adigo for Strings' is A (Neo-Romantic); B (Modernist); A'
True
180
Which of the following is NOT true about Charles Ives? - Arguably the greatest - and certainly the most experimental - of American Modernist composers - He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in music for his third Symphony in 1947 (written 40 years earlier) - His father was a band leader in Union Army who gave his son an unorthodox musical education, including lessons in polytonality - Medical doctor by day, prolific composer by night - Compositions were unheard until the 130's when word of his unusual creations spread in musical circles
Medical doctor by day, prolific composer by night
181
What is NOT true in Zwilich's 'Concerto Grosso' 1985? - Had baroque elements such as Regular rhythmic pulse, bass pedal point, walking bass, harpsichord, terraced dynamics - Melody borrowed from Handel - Featured "open scoring": creates a sense of space with a solid bass, a very thin middle, and one or two high, clear tones in the top register - Added chromaticism to borrowed melody - Dissonant harmony, aggressive playing style
Featured "open scoring": creates a sense of space with a solid bass, a very thin middle, and one or two high, clear tones in the top register
182
Which of these is NOT true about Copland's 'Appalachian Spring?' - A "pioneer celebration" set in the early 1800s in Pennsylvania - Among the pieces that Copeland composed that did not gain popularity until after his death - Expresses the anxieties and joys of farming life, loose plot - One act, eight contrasting musical sections - Ballet composed for choreographer and modern dance pioneer Martha Graham
Among the pieces that Copeland composed that did not gain popularity until after his death
183
What is NOT true about Samuel Barber? - Composed mostly in a traditional style (Romantic-Modernist) - Child prodigy who attended the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music - Numerous commissions and awards, including two Pulitzer Prizes - Struggled financially throughout his entire life/career - Battled depression entire life
Struggled financially throughout his entire life/career
184
Which is NOT true about Ellen Taafe Zwilich (b. 1939)? - Born in Orlando Florida, daughter of airline pilot - First woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in music in 1983 - Composer's Chair and Carnegie Hall - Was a freelance composer for many years - Currently a professor of composition at Florida State
Born in Orlando Florida, daughter of airline pilot
185
Which of these is NOT true about Aaron Copeland? - Connecting with the audience important (dissonance and atonality alienated ordinary citizens) - Featured "open scoring": creates a sense of space with a solid bass, a very thin middle, and one or two high, clear tones in the top register - Incorporated jazz and folksong elements - Studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger for 3 years, returning to compose music based on western and rural American subjects - Independently devised the same radical compositional techniques that had begun to appear in the works of the European Modernists
Incorporated jazz and folksong elements
186
What is NOT true about Charles Ives' music? - Studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger for 3 years, returning to compose music based on western and rural American subjects - Independently devised the same radical compositional techniques that had begun to appear in the works of the European Modernists - Experimented with quarter-tone music - Dissonances and dense, complex textures mixed with simple popular music elements - First composer to use polytonality extensively
Studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger for 3 years, returning to compose music based on western and rural American subjects
187
Which of these items in the development of electronic music is NOT true? - The magnetic tape recorder was invented in 1921 - Thomas Edison patented the phonograph in 1877 - Sampling is the extraction of a small portion of prerecorded music and then mechanically repeating it over and over. - A DJ with one or more turntables manipulates the phonograph needles, scratching of the vinyl of the record while other prerecorded sounds loop continually when "Scratching" - Synthesizers were first used in the 1940s and 1950s
The magnetic tape recorder was invented in 1921
188
Which of these is NOT true about John Adams? - Adams is the leading proponent of chance music - He writes with the pressure of classical versus popular mediums - Adams is best termed a post-Minimalist - Adams received the Pulitzer Prize for On the Transmigration of Souls in 2003 - He wrote the minimalist operas Nixon in China and Doctor Atomic
Adams is the leading proponent of chance music
189
What is Not true about John Adams 'Short Ride in a Fast Machine?' - The main "instrument" is a taped recording of a jet engine "launching" - Composed of short motives that overlap - Scored for full orchestras and 2 electronic keyboard synthesizers - Commissioned by the Pittsburgh Symphony - Adas was inspired by this idea: "You know how it is when someone asks you to ride in a terrific sports car, and then you wish you hadn't?"
The main "instrument" is a taped recording of a jet engine "launching"
190
Which of these is NOT true about Varese's 'Poem electronique?' - Uses DJ techniques such as sampling and scratching - Created to provide music for a multimedia exhibit inside the Phillips Radio Corporation Premiered for the pavilion of the World's Fair - All the elements are altered or distorted in some imaginative way - Uses synthesized sounds - Uses musique concrete (sounds recorded on magnetic tape), including taped sounds of a siren, a train, an organ, church bells, and a human voice
Uses DJ techniques such as sampling and scratching
191
Which of the following is NOT representative of postmodernism? - Globalization is largely ignored - An all-inclusive, "anything goes" trend in music - Blurring of "high" and "low" art - just art culture - Not necessary to separate classical from popular music - Abandon the idea that history is progress
Globalization is largely ignored
192
Which of the following is NOT representative of Minimalism? - Extensive development - A style of postmodern music that takes a very small amount of musical material and repeats it over and over to form a composition - Incessant repetition of small motives - Steady tempo creates a hypnotic effect - Reaction against complexity, expressive intensity - Style embraced by Philip Glass, John Adams, Steve Rich
Extensive development
193
Which of these is NOT true about John Cage? - Cage's music relies on a predictable sequence of musical events, or sounds - Cage is the leading proponent of chance music - Cage created the prepared piano, where objects are inserted into and on the strings - '33" consists of three movements of silence - 4'33" heightens awareness of environmental sounds
Cage's music relies on a predictable sequence of musical events, or sounds
194
Which of these are NOT true about Edgard Varese? - Consciously avoided electronic music after the age of 19 - An extreme modernist reaching forward to the Postmodernist age - Ameriques required a battery of new percussion instruments, including sirens and sleigh bells - He wrote Ionization, written for percussive ensemble, had elements of melody and harmony have been removed - Born in France but immigrated to the US in 1915 in search of less traditional artistic environment
Consciously avoided electronic music after the age of 19
195
Which of these is NOT true about Caroline Shaw? - In addition to being a freelane vocalist, she also plays the cello - A partitia suite is a collection of dances used by Shaw - A Passacaglia is a dance of the early Baroque era, and the focus on the fourth movement in Partita for 8 Voices - Partita for 8 Voices is an exploration of new sounds, that could be a metaphor on modern urban life - Shaw is the singer/composer for "Roomful of Teeth," which was Grammy-winning a cappella ensemble
In addition to being a freelane vocalist, she also plays the cello
196
Which of the following is NOT true about George Gershwin's 'Porgy and Bess?' - As the opera opens, the stage is set for a summer evening in "Catfish Row." Clara, a fisherman's wife, sings "Summertime," a lullaby to her husband - The song "Summertime" functions as an idee fixe - Story revolves around African American life in Charleston, South Carolina ("Catfish Row") - It includes elements of folk music - "Summertime" is something between opera aria and Broadway show tune
As the opera opens, the stage is set for a summer evening in "Catfish Row." Clara, a fisherman's wife, sings "Summertime," a lullaby to her husband
197
What is NOT true about New Orleans Jazz? - The banjo adds a lower contrapuntal line - New Orleans has been filled with sounds of opera, marches, ballroom dances, African-American blues and ragtime - Melody played by the trumpet - Clarinet supports trumpet, embellishes the tune - Rhythm section sets harmony and tempo
The banjo adds a lower contrapuntal line
198
Which of these statements do NOT reflect Early American Psalms and Hymns? - The pilgrims were sure to bring musical instruments to the new world - "Lining Out," is when a leader would sing each line of a psalm and the full congregation would immediately repeat that line - Within 20 years of the arrival of the Pilgrims, the Bay Psalm Book was printed - Pilgrims brought with them simple religious music, found in Psalter (Book of Psalms) - Only a few tunes were needed because one tune could be used for an entire group of psalms
The pilgrims were sure to bring musical instruments to the new world
199
What is NOT true about Swing music and big bands? - The big bands featured a free sound without concrete organization - Swing was a popular style of jazz played by a big band in the 1930's and 1940's - Swing music used "Charts" rather than improvisation - Big Bands featured multiple trumpets, trombones, saxophones - Big bands include the music in the glory days of Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman
The big bands featured a free sound without concrete organization
200
Which of these is NOT true about "Amazing Grace?" - Was an essential song used by Northern armies in the Civil War - Words originated in British Isles in 1748 by seaman John Newton who had been rescued from a violent storm - South Carolinian William Walker supplied the text with a new melody (adapted from a well-known New England song "New Britain") - Might be "Africanized" (sung in "call and response" style; syncopated rhythm; use of blues harmony; sung with tremendous enthusiasm) - Published in "Southern Harmony"
Was an essential song used by Northern armies in the Civil War
201
Which of these items are NOT true about the music publishing industry? - The music publishing industry began around 1800 - A Song plugger would sing and play new songs at a piano in music stores - Tin Pan Alley, where many publishers were housed, was on 28th Street west of Broadway in New York City - The William Morris store later emerged as William Morris Agency (which today is representing the likes of Taylor Swift, Usher, Justin Timberlake, and Bruno Mars)
The music publishing industry began around 1800
202
What is NOT true about Blues music? - Was among the first items African American traditions to appear in print - Sung to relieve a melancholy soul, to give vent to feelings of pain and anger - Blues subjects include poverty, loneliness, oppression, family troubles, infidelity, separation - Inspired by the work songs and field holler of black laborers - Has a regular, predictable pattern of chord changes
Was among the first items African American traditions to appear in print
203
What is NOT true about Early Jazz - Lack improvisation - It is considered by many to be "America's classical music" - Influenced by traditional musical practices of Africa (found in African-American spirituals and blues) - Has European influence of marches, hymns and folk music - Tends to be polyphonic
Lack improvisation
204
Which of these is NOT true about Ragtime? - Enjoyed the highest popularity after World War I - "To rag" means to play or sing music in a heavily syncopated jazzy style - Steady bass, syncopated treble - Primarily piano music - Though the music emerged in saloons and brothels, it was eventually accepted into middle-class homes
Enjoyed the highest popularity after World War I
205
What is NOT true about Country music? - Country harmonies are more elaborate than most versions of popular music - Country came from ballads (narrative songs in strophic form) of Anglo-Irish settlers in Appalachian region - Early country music was sung by voice alone or accompanied by fiddle, banjo, dulcimer - Historically country music repertoire was a combination of religious and folk music - Country music has developed into one of the most popular versions of popular music
Country harmonies are more elaborate than most versions of popular music
206
Which of the following is NOT true about Stephen Sondheim? - He gained fame as the composer for Phantom of the Opera - Private student of both Broadway lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and twelve-tone composer Milton Babbitt - He wrote in a variety of styles: Gershwin-inspired jazz harmonies, Stravinsky-like dissonance, Viennese waltzes, standard Broadway fare - He raised the quality of American musical theatre - He combined serious, complex musical techniques with witty, poetic lyrics
He gained fame as the composer for Phantom of the Opera
207
What is NOT true about John Coltrane? - One of the most accomplished trumpeter/vocalists of the 1950s - He was "High priest" of modal jazz - Coltrane improvised on Rodger's "My Favorite things" from the Sound of Music - Used theme and variations form like classical composers - He was a heroin addict, and died way too young
One of the most accomplished trumpeter/vocalists of the 1950s
208
Which of these is NOT true about Charlie "Bird" Parker? - As he kicked his addictions, he became one of the most respected members of the jazz community - Widely considered the most gifted bebop artist - Played "standards" (a tune that inspires others to record their own interpretations of it) - He was a tragic figure: a drug addicted, alcoholic, antisocial man whose skills as an improviser and performer were at the highest level - Played "My Melancholy Baby," a cover song of the era
As he kicked his addictions, he became one of the most respected members of the jazz community
209
Which of these is NOT true about Stephen Sondheim's 'Sweeney Todd'? - The musical is a four-hour long comedy with extensive spoken dialog - The musical featured technically demanding vocal music - It featured dissonant, modern music - Sweeney Todd was the murderous barber of London's Fleet street - Features a monumental, operatic score
The musical is a four-hour long comedy with extensive spoken dialog
210
What is NOT true about The Broadway Musical? - The "Volume" is a libretto containing the lyrics - It emerged shortly after 1900 - The Broadway Musical was also known as "musical comedy" - Jerome Kern composed Showboat featured "Ol' Man River," which had elements of blues, jazz, and the Negro spiritual - Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein wrote in the Golden Era for American musical theatre, with Oklahoma (1943), Carousel (1945), South Pacific (1949), The King and I (1951), The Sound of Music (1959)
The "Volume" is a libretto containing the lyrics
211
What is NOT true about Leonard Bernstein? - Best known for his choral works - Educator and advocate for the arts - Conductor of the New York Philharmonic for nearly have a century - Virtuoso pianist - Wrote symphonies, ballets, a film score, four musicals
Best known for his choral works
212
What is NOT true about Leonard Bernstein's 'West Side Story?' - Was the first musical to embrace the twelve-tone compositional style - The style included the mix of old and new; Standard Broadway numbers infused with Modernist music - The main characters, Tony and Maria, who met and fell in love at a dance earlier in the evening, sing a duet on the fire escape outside her apartment - The story is a retelling of Romeo and Juliet - It was a musical sensation on Broadway and as a movie
Was the first musical to embrace the twelve-tone compositional style
213
Which of the following was NOT written by Andrew Lloyd Webber? - Sweeney Todd - Jesus Christ Superstar - Evita - Cats - Phantom of the Opera
Sweeney Todd
214
What is NOT true about Bebop? - Relied on musical notation - Bebop ensemble typically consists of a quintet of trumpet, saxophone, piano, double bass, and drums - "Jammed" in small, elite groups ("chamber music" of jazz) - Improvisation instead of composition - complex, hard-driving jazz
Relied on musical notation
215
Match the elements of jazz with the appropriate jazz style: - Reaction to bebop, a high-pitched, hard driving style - Saxophonist Kenny G - More lyrical, more mellow, slower, quieter - Miles Davis released two albums that incorporated rock elements - Jazz combo plus orchestral instruments, such as Miles Davis' Birth of the Cool - Electric bass and strong drumming with a backbeat - Response to commercial success of rock music
- Reaction to bebop, a high-pitched, hard driving style: Cool Jazz - Saxophonist Kenny G: Smooth Jazz - More lyrical, more mellow, slower, quieter: Cool Jazz - Miles Davis released two albums that incorporated rock elements: Jazz Fusion - Jazz combo plus orchestral instruments, such as Miles Davis' Birth of the Cool: Cool Jazz - Electric bass and strong drumming with a backbeat: Jazz fusion - Response to commercial success of rock music: Jazz Fusion
216
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of film music? - Early 1910s - storefront "nickelodeon" theaters sprung up across America - Music has been a part of the film experience since the first moving pictures in 1897 - Early film music was most often accompaniment improvised by a pianist, often with a percussionist for sound effects - Music's power can greatly affect our emotions more than images do - s as a key to a film as cinematography, acting, or editing
Music has been a part of the film experience since the first moving pictures in 1897
217
Director Stanley Kubrik - '2001 - A Space Odyssey (1968)' included music from all of these composers EXCEPT: - Max Steiner - Richard Strauss - Aram Khatchaturian - Johann Strauss - Gyorgi Ligeti
Max Steiner
218
What term describes a "small bit of material repeated extensively, but constantly varied and expanded timbrally and rhythmically?" - Baroque Impression - Romantic Classicism - Romantic Minimalism - Modern Exoticism - Classical Minimalism
Romantic Minimalism
219
What is characteristic of what is called "classical" film music? - Cues are music written for sections in films when people were not speaking - The composers active from 1920-1940 were careful to avoid any type of brass or woodwind use to avoid distracting the audiences - The Classic Hollywood score was orchestral - Both sight and sound encoded together in filmstrip - A Thematic cue is similar to a leitmotif
The composers active from 1920-1940 were careful to avoid any type of brass or woodwind use to avoid distracting the audiences
220
Match the movie to the compositional style: - The Big Combo (1955) - The Man with the Golden Arm (1955) - Sweet Smell of Success (1957) - Touch of Evil (1958) - Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) - The Pink Panther (1963) - Day the Earth Stood Still (1955) - Forbidden Planet (1956) - "Spaghetti westerns" - The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) - American Graffiti (1973) - The Graduate (1967) - Easy Rider (1969) - Blue Hawaii (1961) - G.I. Blues (1960) - Jailhouse Rock (1957) - Blackboard Jungle (1955) - Rock Around the Clock (1956) - Vertigo (1958)
- The Big Combo (1955): Bebop Jazz - The Man with the Golden Arm (1955): Bebop Jazz - Sweet Smell of Success (1957): Bebop Jazz - Touch of Evil (1958): Bebop Jazz - Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961): Lightened and Latinized Jazz - The Pink Panther (1963): Lightened and Latinized Jazz - Day the Earth Stood Still (1955): Electronic Instruments, oscillators, and eerie-sounding theremins - Forbidden Planet (1956): Electronic Instruments, oscillators, and eerie-sounding theremins - "Spaghetti westerns": Electronic Instruments, oscillators, and eerie-sounding theremins - The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966): Electronic Instruments, oscillators, and eerie-sounding theremins - American Graffiti (1973): Rock and Roll - The Graduate (1967): Rock and Roll - Easy Rider (1969): Rock and Roll - Blue Hawaii (1961): Rock and Roll - G.I. Blues (1960): Rock and Roll - Jailhouse Rock (1957): Rock and Roll - Blackboard Jungle (1955): Rock and Roll - Rock Around the Clock (1956): Rock and Roll - Vertigo (1958): Atonal music
221
Match the video game to the appropriate compositional style: - Final Fantasy series (1987-2010) - Super Mario Brothers - Moonwalker, 1990 - The Legend of Zelda (1989) - Tetris - Grand Theft Auto, 1990
- Final Fantasy series (1987-2010): Full orchestral thematic scores - Super Mario Brothers: Looped underscoring - Moonwalker, 1990: Incorporation of popular music - The Legend of Zelda (1989): Full orchestral thematic scores - Tetris: Looped underscoring - Grand Theft Auto, 1990: Looped underscoring
222
Match the TV show to the compositional style: - Peter Gunn (1958-1961) - The Twilight Zone (1959-1964) - My Favorite Martian (1963-1966) - Lost in Space (1965-1968) - Star Trek (1966-1969)
- Peter Gunn (1958-1961): Jazz-influenced - The Twilight Zone (1959-1964): Electronic instrumentation - My Favorite Martian (1963-1966): Electronic instrumentation - Lost in Space (1965-1968): Electronic instrumentation - Star Trek (1966-1969): Electronic instrumentation
223
Match the development in sound technology with the appropriate time period: - Edison patented the phonograph - Emile Berliner patented a disc-playing gramophone - Inexpensive radios democratized music - Digital technology (CDs, MP3s and M4As) - Digital audio workstation (DAW)
- Edison patented the phonograph: 1877 - Emile Berliner patented a disc-playing gramophone: 1920s and 1930s - Inexpensive radios democratized music: 1950s - Digital technology (CDs, MP3s and M4As): 1980s and 1990s - Digital audio workstation (DAW) : 1990s and 2000s
224
Which of these is NOT true about Rap? - Run D M C: First rap artists to achieve major commercial success - DJ Kool Herc (Jamaican-born Clive Campbell) developed imitation of Jamaican practice of using “sound systems” to play music at parties - Originated as an African American style in the early 1970s in New York’s South Bronx - The Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight”: First recording with the work rap in the title - Novel and authentic sound whose broad appeal crossed racial and social boundaries - The MC isolated choice portions of the tracks (the “break,” created loops and extended portions using two turn tables
The MC isolated choice portions of the tracks (the “break,” created loops and extended portions using two turn tables
225
Which of these is NOT true about Elvis Presley? - He combined genres of indigenous American black and white rural music - He had 149 songs appeared on Billboard’s “Hot 100 Pop Chart” - Was uniquely American, and struggled to gain popularity outside the United States - Became popular because of his 1956 recording and TV performance of “Hound Dog” - His career began performing “hillbilly music,” singing gospel music in church, and listening to blues and jazz in the black neighborhood of Memphis
Was uniquely American, and struggled to gain popularity outside the United States
226
Which of these is NOT true about The British Invasion? - Used rhythmic ostinato - Lengthy instrumental improvisations - Guitar Riff: An improvisatory flourish that becomes a motive - Americans were slow to embrace the music on nationalistic principles - Cream used the 12-bar blues, inspired by American artists
Americans were slow to embrace the music on nationalistic principles
227
Which of these is NOT true about Rhythm and Blues (R&B)? - Cross-over hits in the early 1940’s by Charlie Parker - Small rhythm section (piano, guitar, bass, and drums) accompany a few saxophones and other “horns” - First developed in and was marketed to African Americans - 12-bar blues over a walking bass style called boogie-woogie - Unambiguous duple meter (4/4 pattern sometimes emphasized the weak beats—“backbeats”
Cross-over hits in the early 1940’s by Charlie Parker
228
Which of these is NOT true about Michael Jackson? - First African-American to have videos air on MTV - Thriller (1982) rivals The Beatles albums in stylistic variety. It was the greatest-selling original album in the US and the largest seller worldwide - Jackson matured into a jazz fusion pioneer with the release of "Rockit" in the late 1980s - Began career singing at age 5 singing with his brothers in The Jackson 5 - Teamed with Quincy Jones to create Off the Wall (1979), a Pop, R&B, disco approach
Jackson matured into a jazz fusion pioneer with the release of "Rockit" in the late 1980s
229
Which of these is NOT true about early Rock and Roll? - “Rocking and Rolling”: old nautical term referring to the motion of boats, and the term applied to movements during religious ecstasy and dance - Term coined by pioneering radio disk jockey Alan Freed (1921-1965) - Was seen by industry professionals as an answer to help struggling profits - Music disseminated through radio broadcasts - Rock and Roll broadcasts were replayed in Europe
Was seen by industry professionals as an answer to help struggling profits
230
Which of these is NOT true about Punk Rock? - Fast, hard-edged music with short, simple songs - Crude amplified sounds, fast driving rhythms, unassuming timbres, simple harmonies - Musical escapism with a self-destructive and nihilistic approach - Basic verse-and-chorus form of earlier pop - Helped renovate rock back to its working-class, garage band roots - Highly politicized style that emerged in the mid-1980’s
Highly politicized style that emerged in the mid-1980’s
231
Which of these is NOT true about The Beatles? - Developed an unprecedented ability to create original, fresh sounds with radical experimentation in both songwriting and studio recording - Were produced by a classically trained George Martin - Had a thematically unified concept album: Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band - Mature songs were deeper, musically complex, and verbally intricate - Became a champion of the British version of the American blues - “Strawberry Fields Forever” used musique concrete
Became a champion of the British version of the American blues
232
Which of these is NOT true about Hip-hop and Gangsta Rap? - NWA’s Dr. Dre helped popularize the G-funk sound, and discovered Snoop Dogg - The Notorious BIG was among the most popular performer of “East Coast” hip-hop - Ice-T wrote the song "Cop Killer" was a member of NWA - Tupac Shakur was among the most popular performer of “West Coast” hip-hop - NWA addressed social issues in South Central Los Angeles. Their honest approach in speaking about racial tension in South Central Los Angeles was heard by fans of all ethnicities in all areas of the country, including rural ones far away from Los Angeles.
Ice-T wrote the song "Cop Killer" was a member of NWA
233
Which of the following is NOT true about fans and sexuality? - Fans tend to be most interested in the sex appeal of male performers - Sex sells, and popular culture of the past 50 years have become more focused on that with the use of video technology. Radio would not have the same impact - Many male performers wanted to be the object of desire - Many women wnted to be close to the male performers - The first bona fide sex symbol in pop music was likely Elvis Presley, though Frank Sinatra was a favorite among many in the swing period
Fans tend to be most interested in the sex apeal of male performers
234
Which of the following was NOT true about Iron Maiden? - Iron Maiden moved to America and became one of Hollywood's most belovid artists - Founded in the late 1970s by bassist Steve Harris and guitarist Dave Murray, two working class young men in London - Their music was reactionary to punk - Heavily influenced by 1970s prog rck Jethro Tull - They made their name in the early london metal scene and became one of the groups considered the New Wave of British Heavy Metal
Iron Maiden moved to America and became one of Hollywood's most beloved artists
235
Which of the following is NOT true about Van Halen? - The group started with the original four members, adn quickly made an impact on the New York city music scene - Hard rock of the 1980s, often referred to as heavy metal, becan with Van Halen - My research found that the Van Halen set the tone for the bands that were popular in this period - The scene of their origin had long been dormant, largely in part to disco and punk mvements of the period - EVH was an innovative virtuoso, a stark contrast to guitarists who were popular, such as Jimmy Page
The group started with the original four members, and quickly made an impact on the New York city music scene
236
Which of the following was NOT true about Quiet Riot? - Quiet Riot was one of the most popular groups in the 1980s - Quiet Riot was a friendly Rival to Van Halen in the local scene - They initally had a lot of trouble attracting major labels in the US, and were signed by Sony for two Japan releases - The group was led by singer Kevin Dubrow and guitarist Randy Rhoads. Stylistically they were more of a pop band than Van Halen, which was a large reason for their inability to get a record deal - Though Rhoads was important as a guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne in the 1970s, his virtuosity did not develop with Quiet Riot
Quiet Riot was one of the most popular groups in the 1980s
237
Which of the following was NOT true about Def Leppard? - Def Leppard movved to America and became one of Hollywood's most beloved artists - Hailing from the industrial town of sheffield, Def Leppard forms around the time of Iron Maiden - They are clearly not in the same league of virtuosity as Iron Maiden, yet still gainsome notic for their raw sound - While on tour supporting AC/DC, they draw the attention of a management company, who sees the band as having the potential for success - An important step was taken when Robert John "Mutt" lange began to produce the band
Def Leppard moved to America and became one of Hollywood's most beloved artists
238
Which of the following is NOT true about scholarship into hard rock and heavy metal in the 1980s? - Most of the research was in musical elments of the genre - Reasearch into popular music all eras and cultures started in the field of ethnomusicology - There were and still are many critics of hard rock and heavy metal, and partents have often referred to the current popular music as inferior to the old popular music - Rob Walser at UCLA was among the first to examine hard rock and heavy metal - Walser's book Running with the devil looked at musi, musicians, fans and the PMRC, as his research was accomplished while the period of this class was still current - Most vocal critic was Theodore Adorno in his criticism of jazz - Some researchers will read into the lyrics, music videos or fan culture
Most of the research was in musical elements of the genre
239
Which of the following was NOT true about Judas Priest? - Their single guitarist, Glenn Tipton, was one of the most inflential guitarists of the 1980s - Hailing from Birmingham, the same hometown of Blac Sabbath, Birmingham is an industrial town - They had four albums in the 1970s, but they emerge as a powerful HM act in 1980 with British Steel. "Breaking the Law" is considered a classic HM song, one of the first to have a metal video - "Living after Midnight" is a classic as well, and British Steel is considered their best album by many - After the forgettable Point ofEntry, they released Screming for Vengeance in 1983, the big hit on this record was "You've Got Another Thing Comin"
Their single guitarist, Glenn Tipton, was one of the most influential guitarists of the 1980s
240
What is NOT true about the "Thrash" style? - Chromaticism, with identifiable tonic, was prevalent - Quick, repeated sixteenth notes played by the guitars and the drummer, often on the lowest note of the instrument, E - Tight stops, with cymbal chokes toreinforce the quick playing during the majority of the song, with dramatic changes of texture that keeps the audience listening for the next abrupt change - Cycles of energy as described by Pillsbury include: a level of the speed and power of the beat, wrapped in the sound of distored guitar timbre - Lyrical content advocates peace among all, in a neo-hippie aesthetic approach
Lyrical content advocates peace among all, in a neo-hippie aesthetic approach
241
What is NOT true about Metallica? - Much heavier than any American band, the band relocated after the bassist they pursued, Cliff Burton, insisted that they move to his hometown of San Francisco. They didn't fit in with the LA scene anyway. - Starting in LA in the early 1980s, the group played sporadically, influenced by the heaviest bands in the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, especially Diamond Head, Motorhead and Angel Witch - The group works on their fifth self titled album (called the “Black Album” by most fans) with producer Bob Rock, who had credits with hard rock bands Bon Jovi and Motley Crue. - Robert Walser noted that heavy metal fans were specific about who they liked, and they had trouble translating into the popular arena - Because of the heavier use of the blues tonality, chord progressions became more chromatic
Because of the heavier use of the blues tonality, chord progressions became more chromatic
242
Which of the following is NOT true about Bon Jovi? - Noted songwriter Desmond Child (Kiss) helped write the songs on the album, with a slick production of Bruce Fairburn and the engineer of Bob Rock. - The group was influenced by the major tonalities in the popular 1970s group Kiss, who had clearly fallen from favor in the 1980s after the removal of their makeup. - Though their first two albums received only marginal success and they were still at opening act status, they soon recorded a classic 1980s hard rock album, Slippery When Wet. - They emerged with an album recorded in uncle Tony Bongiovi’s world famous Power Station studio on time Jon earned as an intern there. - Bon Jovi was a hard rock band from New Jersey. The group was named after Jon Bon Jovi, originally Bongiovi, who was the early songwriter and founder.
The group was influenced by the major tonalities in the popular 1970s group Kiss, who had clearly fallen from favor in the 1980s after the removal of their makeup.
243
Which of the following is NOT true about Tesla? - Tesla was from Northern California, and like many musicians from that area, viewed the Southern California area with distain. - Quick, repeated sixteenth notes played by the guitars and the drummer, often on the lowest note on the instrument, E. - In as much as Poison represented the glamorous LA scene of the mid 1980s, Tesla’s music and persona were more authentic in the eyes of the audience. - Sacramento differs from progressive San Francisco in that though it is the capital, it is in many ways a western town - Tesla represented everyman, and personified the cowboy type mentality that Bon Jovi pioneered.
Quick, repeated sixteenth notes played by the guitars and the drummer, often on the lowest note on the instrument, E.
244
Which of these is NOT true about Soundgarden? - Led by singer/guitarist Chris Cornell - The band signed with A&M records, and were promptly ridiculed in the Seattle scene - First band signed out of the Seattle underground, after two locally successful independent releases - The Seattle scene was disgusted by the 1980s and the Hollywood scene and looked towards college and punk music for inspiration, and focused on reality based lyrics - A three-piece that was far removed from any type of virtuosity, they relied on strong songs with heavy production by Butch Vig, notable in the indie rock circuit.
A three-piece that was far removed from any type of virtuosity, they relied on strong songs with heavy production by Butch Vig, notable in the indie rock circuit.
245
Which of the following is NOT true about Guns 'N' Roses? - Guns N Roses represented the harsh reality of the LA scene, without hiding as Poison had. - Like Poison, Guns ‘N’ Roses was heavily influenced by Kiss. - Because of the heavier use of the blues tonality, chord progressions became more chromatic - Axl Rose was not just a high-pitched singer like those who preceded him, but had two identifiable timbres: a high-pitched shriek, and a low, almost punk-rock sing-speak tone. - Rose became the point of focus for a group that was ‘dangerous.’ You never knew when disaster was to strike.
Like Poison, Guns ‘N’ Roses was heavily influenced by Kiss.
246
Which of the following is NOT true about Poison? - Noted songwriter Desmond Child (Kiss) helped write the songs on the album, with a slick production of Bruce Fairburn and the engineer of Bob Rock. - For glam hard rock of the 1980s, especially in a Los Angeles music scene considered fun, it is only natural for music in major keys to gain importance. - Most groups in the 1980s used minor tonalities, especially in heavy metal. Minor keys have been attributed to sad sounding music. Poison wrote in major keys more often on their first album. - Early songs include hits such as “Talk Dirty to Me”, “Cry Tough” and “I Won’t Forget You” in major keys. - The group was influenced by the major tonalities in the popular 1970s group Kiss, who had clearly fallen from favor in the 1980s after the removal of their makeup.
Noted songwriter Desmond Child (Kiss) helped write the songs on the album, with a slick production of Bruce Fairburn and the engineer of Bob Rock.
247
Which of these is NOT true about Nirvana? - Their style is considered the mainstream of grunge pioneered by Seattle groups Tad and Green River. - Kurt Cobain became the anti-hero that saturated the 1980s scene, and was considered a breath of fresh air as the audience preference leaned on a “anything against the 1980s is cool” approach. - Cobain has become a rock legend following his suicide and Dave Grohl has become a respected songwriter for the Foo Fighters well into this decade. - First band signed out of the Seattle underground, after two locally successful independent releases - A three-piece that was far removed from any type of virtuosity, they relied on strong songs with heavy production by Butch Vig, notable in the indie rock circuit.
First band signed out of the Seattle underground, after two locally successful independent releases
MUL 2010
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