Final; Hepatitis Virus

Question 1

Where does the hepatitis primarily infect and replicate

Answer 1

in hepatocytes

Question 2

The virus and host response causes

Answer 2

liver disease
acute infections
chronic infections

Question 3

How is the hepatitis virus transmitted

Answer 3

fecal-oral
sexual
vertical (mother–>child)
parenteral (needle sticks, etc.)

Question 4

Which forms of hepatitis are found in the US

Answer 4

A, B, and C

Delta and E are rare

Question 5

What genome does hepatitis B have

Answer 5

dsDNA

with RNA intermediate

Question 6

What is special about the hepatitis B genome

Answer 6

it is the smallest genome of the human viruses

Question 7

What type of virion does the hepatitis B have

Answer 7

enveloped

Question 8

What types of proteins does the hepatitis B contain

Answer 8

vision assembly
cell attachment
capsid
reverse transcriptase

Question 9

True or False

The hepatitis B cannot be grown in cell culture

Answer 9

True

Question 10

This is a template for transcription in hepatitis B

Answer 10

cccDNA

Question 11

True or False

The hepatitis B does not require liver specific transcription factors

Answer 11

False; it does

Question 12

The hepatitis B produces many what

Answer 12

empty particles; present in infected people

Question 13

How long is the incubation period for hepatitis B

Answer 13

30-180 days

Question 14

How is hepatitis B spread

Answer 14

sexual contact and drug use

Question 15

What are the symptoms of hepatitis B

Answer 15

malaise, anorexia, vomiting, fatigue, cough, serum-like sickness
jaundice, elevated alanine transaminase levels

Question 16

When would one recover from hepatitis B

Answer 16

approximately 3-4 months after the onset of jaundice

Question 17

In what percentage of cases does hepatitis B manifest as a chronic disease

Answer 17

5%

Question 18

What constitutes a chronic hepatitis B disease

Answer 18

presence in blood after 6 months
poor IgG response
sporadic episodes of hepatitis B
cirrhosis of the liver
increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 19

What is special about the hepatitis B vaccination

Answer 19

it was the first recombinant vaccine approved for the use in humans
it requires multiple injections
not effective against chronic infection

Question 20

What are the treatments for chronic hepatitis B infection

Answer 20

interferon-α therapy

nucleoside analogs

Question 21

The hepatitis D virus is rare in humans, but what is special about it

Answer 21

subviral agent
requires active HBV infection
RNA genome encodes a single protein

Question 22

What type of genome does hepatitis C have

Answer 22

+ssRNA

Question 23

What type of virion does hepatitis C have

Answer 23

enveloped

Question 24

What proteins does hepatitis C contain

Answer 24

attachment and entry
core
various non-structural

Question 25

Where is the genome of hepatitis C replicated

Answer 25

in the cytoplasm, the genome itself is the template for translation

Question 26

What are the symptoms of a hepatitis C infection

Answer 26

milder symptoms than HBV

Question 27

What percentage of hepatitis C infections become chronic and cause what

Answer 27

80% | extrahepatic disease

Question 28

This is caused by hepatitis C and is when antibody/virus complexes deposit in other tissues eliciting an immune response and subsequent tissue damage

Answer 28

mixed cryoglobulinema

Question 29

What are the treatment options for hepatitis C

Answer 29

no vaccine | interferon-α can reduce chances of chronic infection

Question 30

How does one obtain an hepatitis A infection

Answer 30

ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water

Question 31

What is the incubation period of an hepatitis A infection

Answer 31

15-40 days

Question 32

What are the symptoms of an hepatitis A infection

Answer 32

consistent with other hepatitis infections but more severe in adults than in children

Question 33

When does a hepatitis A infection resolve

Answer 33

approximately 8 weeks post infection

Question 34

What are the treatment options for hepatitis A

Answer 34

a vaccine is available; killed/inactivated

Question 35

What does a hepatitis E infection cause

Answer 35

foodborne and waterborne hepatitis similar to HAV infection can be life threatening for pregnant women

Question 36

What are the treatment options for hepatitis E

Answer 36

there is no vaccine, but it is under development

Question 37

Which hepatitis viruses cause chronic infections

Answer 37

B, C, and D