Final: Identifications

Question 1

Total War

Answer 1

• When: 1940
• Who: German Luftwaffe and the British people
• Where: Battle of Britain
• What: Complete destructive warfare where no life is held under concern during battle; no distinction between citizens and soldiers; total war is complete war where anything is under duress of destruction
• Why: First time we see mass civilian casualties; never used again due to destruction, every war after was limited war

Question 2

Blitzkrieg

Answer 2

• When: September 1, 1939
• Who: German military
• Where: Poland
• What: A “lightning war” used to cause quick capitulations of enemy nations by both ground and air; it bombed the ground by air as the militia invaded by ground
• Why: It caused a quick, decisive victory and surrender over Poland and others; surprised others with its quick ferocity; no longer any trench warfare

Question 3

Alphabet Soup

Answer 3

• When: 1933
• Who: Franklin D. Roosevelt
• Where: United States
• What: Federal agencies created as part of the New Deal
• Why: Used to combat the Great Depression and unemployment; by involving the government more, it would combat the communistic tendencies

Question 4

The Battle of the Bulge

Answer 4

• When: December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945
• Who: Germany and Allied Forces
• Where: Belgium
• What: A surprise attack by Germany during the winter on the Allies to try and divide and weaken the Allied troops in Belgium
• Why: This was Hitler’s last major offensive stand

Question 5

League of Nations

Answer 5

• When: June 28, 1919
• Who: President Wilson
• Where: Versailles, France
• What: Wilson’s 14 Points led to the formation of the League of Nations following World War I
• Why: First intergovernmental alliance, foreshadowing the formation of the United Nations; tried to prevent war from happening again

Question 6

Fascism

Answer 6

• When: 1925
• Who: Mussolini
• Where: Italy
• What: A totalitarian state where all aspects of life are controlled by a single leader; did not persecute specific peoples or completely destroy old power structures
• Why: Italy’s totalitarian state partnered with Germany in WWII, creating a spread of communist principles across the continent

Question 7

Nazism

Answer 7

• When: January 1933
• Who: Adolf Hitler
• Where: Germany
• What: A totalitarian state where all aspects of life are controlled by a single leader; the middle class survived, but many persecuted (blacks, Jews, etc.)
• Why: Overtook much of the European continent with the belief in a dominant Aryan race, challenging capitalist countries with a “superior” belief; Hitler is known as one of history’s greatest villains

Question 8

Communism

Answer 8

• When: 1928
• Who: Joseph Stalin
• Where: Soviet Union
• What: A totalitarian state where all aspects of life are controlled by a single leader; the middle class was destroyed and no one was safe from the dictator’s authoritative rule
• Why: The Soviet Union backed the Allies against the Nazis, but turned on them overnight following WWII because of a difference of opinion on how to handle the distraught German people

Question 9

Five-Year Plan

Answer 9

• When: 1928-1932
• Who: Joseph Stalin
• Where: Soviet Union
• What: Goal was to transform the Soviet Union into an industrial country overnight
• Why: Stalin hoped to catch up to the more advanced Western capitalist nations, and industrial production quadrupled between 1928 and 1937

Question 10

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Answer 10

• When: 1923
• Who: Adolf Hitler
• Where: German prison
• What: A book filled with Hitler’s political ideologies; written while in jail
• Why: Foretold the world of his anti-Semitism, extreme Nationalism, and desire to become Fuhrer; no one stops his crazy discussion

Question 11

Kamikaze

Answer 11

• When: Summer 1945
• Who: U.S. Navy, Japanese air forces
• Where: In the Pacific
• What: Suicide attacks by Japanese military aviators against the Allied navy
• Why: Last ditch effort by the Japanese to win the war

Question 12

Stalingrad

Answer 12

• When: August 23, 1942 - February 2, 1943
• Who: Soviet and German armies
• Where: Stalingrad, Soviet Union, a city on the Volga River
• What: A massive battle in the Soviet Union involving a slow moving attack by the Germans and a large counterattack by the Allied forces
• Why: The beginning of the end for the Nazis and the Reich

Question 13

Hiroshima

Answer 13

• When: August 6, 1945
• Who: U.S. in Japan
• Where: Hiroshima, Japan
• What: An atomic bomb, called Little Boy, was dropped in Japan with hopes to force an end on World War II
• Why: Prompted another atomic bomb because the Japanese refused to surrender after 120,000 people died (2nd bomb dropped in Nakajima, which eventually ended World War II, initiated the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union)

Question 14

The Truman Doctrine

Answer 14

• When: March 1947
• Who: United States, Communist leaders
• Where: Eastern Europe
• What: The United States would provide money to countries that claimed they were threatened by Communist expansion
• Why: The United States was trying to stop communism from spreading out of the East

Question 15

The Marshall Plan

Answer 15

• When: June 1947
• Who: Harry Truman
• Where: Western Europe
• What: $13 billion in economic aid to rebuild Europe post-World War II
• Why: The United States was trying to stop communism from spreading out of the Far East

Question 16

“Vietnamization”

Answer 16

• When: 1969
• Who: Tricky Dick
• Where: South Vietnam
• What: A policy used to equip and train a country’s forces and increase their use in combat, while steadily reducing the number of U.S. military troops
• Why: Was used in future “modern” wars, see War in Afghanistan and Iraq

Question 17

Berlin Wall

Answer 17

• When: August 13, 1961 to November 9, 1989
• Who: U.S., Great Britain, and France vs. the Soviet Union
• Where: East and West Berlin in East Germany
• What: A physical dividing line between East and West Berlin, symbolizing a division of Germany as well as representing an “iron curtain” across the entire world
• Why: Represented the dividing line of communism between the East and the West parts of the world; prevented mass emigration and defection in Berlin

Question 18

The Berlin Airlift

Answer 18

• When: 1948-1949
• Who: Western Allies and West Berlin peoples
• Where: West Berlin
• What: The Western Allies airdropped food and supplies for nearly a year into West Berlin after the Soviet Union blockaded all ground travel into the city in an attempt to gain full control.
• Why: Embarrassed the Soviet cause in West Berlin; caused the creation of two separate German states

Question 19

The Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Answer 19

• When: August 2, 1964
• Who: United States, North Vietnam
• Where: Gulf of Tonkin
• What: The USS Maddox fired upon three North Vietnamese torpedo boats, damaging all three boats and killing four North Vietnamese sailors with no U.S. casualties
• Why: The “Gulf of Tonkin Resolution” was created, and it gave LBJ authority to assist any SE Asian country and send in troops to Vietnam in a fight against communism, leading the way to the war in Vietnam