Final - Intelligence and Ability Testing (Ch. 10)

Question 1

What are the 2 types of tests of general mental ability?

Answer 1

• individual tests (intelligence tests, Stanford-Binet, Wechsler)
• group tests (more specific mental abilities, GRE, SAT, etc)

Question 2

Who was the first to try to measure differences in intellectual capacities? What did he attribute these differences to?

Answer 2

• Francis Galton
• attributable to diffs in sensation and perception abilities
• human abilities have a normal distribution

Question 3

Who created the first practical intelligence test? How did he characterize intelligence?

Answer 3

• Alfred Binet
• goal to identify kids w special needs
• intelligence comprised of complex mental acts (ex imagination, reasoning, memory, motor skills)

Question 4

What 7 aspects of intelligence were measured by Binet’s test?

Answer 4

• memory
• general knowledge
• abstract reasoning
• attention
• comprehension
• coordination
• visual judgement

Question 5

Who introduced the concept of mental age?

Answer 5

Binet!

Question 6

What were the 4 categories defined by cutoff scores in Binet’s tests?

Answer 6

• idiot, imbecile, moron, normal

Question 7

(T/F) Binet’s tests didn’t really measure anything

Answer 7

FALSE, achieved his goals!

Question 8

What was introduced when Binet’s test was brought to US and became Stanford-Binet?

Answer 8

• Intelligence Quotient Ratio (IQ)
• IQ = (MA/CA) x 100

Question 9

What were the 3 scores in Wechsler’s original 1939 test? WHat concept did he introduce?

Answer 9

• full scale IQ, verbal IQ, perceptual IQ (and subtest scores)
• introduced deviation IQ (scores should have similar statistical properties and same meaning at diff ages)

Question 10

What was the issue with IQ scores as measured by Terman?

Answer 10

• score did not represent same relative position at diff ages
• maximum mental age of 18 messes w formula
• SD at diff ages were diff so same scores meant diff things

Question 11

What was Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence?

Answer 11

• performance on intelligence tests consist of 2 components: general variance (g-factor) and specific variance (s-factor)

Question 12

How did Cattell-Horn characterize intelligence? What theory did they dispute?

Answer 12

• disputed existence of g-factor
• fluid intelligence (problem solving, declines w age)
• crystallized intelligence (knowledge from experience)

Question 13

What was John Carroll’s three stratum theory of intelligence?

Answer 13

• hierarchical model
• Stratum III: broad cognitive ability (g)
• Stratum II: general ability factors (eg fluid reasoning)
• Stratum I: narrowly defined cognitive abilities

Question 14

The WISC contains __ primary subtests and __ index scores

Answer 14

10; 5

Question 15

What are the 5 index scores of the WISC?

Answer 15

• verbal comprehension
• visual spatial
• fluid reasoning
• working memory
• processing speed

Question 16

How can we categorize the WISC according to Carroll’s three stratum theory?

Answer 16

• Stratum III: FSIQ
• Stratum II: index scores
• Stratum I: subtests

Question 17

What 5 aspects are WISC norms based on?

Answer 17

• age
• sex
• race/ethnicity
• parent education level
• geographic region

Question 18

What is the mean and SD for WISC scores for:
- FSIQ:
- Index scores:
- Subtest scaled scores:

Answer 18

• FSIQ: M = 100, SD = 15
• Index scores: M = 100, SD = 15
• Subtest scaled scores: M = 10, SD = 3

Question 19

What are the scores in the WISC?

Answer 19

• 130+: Very superior
• 120-129: Superior
• 110-119: High average
• 90-109: Average
• 80-89: Low average
• 70-79: Borderline
• 69-: Extremely low

Question 20

What reliability evidence do we have for the WISC?

Answer 20

• internal consistency .84-.97
• test-retest for indexes .79-.92
• inter-rater reliability for subtests .98-.99

Question 21

What does factor analysis tell us about the FSIQ of the WISC?

Answer 21

• 4-5 factors is best
• matches theory so evidence for validity

Question 22

What validity evidence do we have for the FSIQ of the WISC?

Answer 22

• internal structure as predicted
• good convergent validity
• good criterion validity