Final - Language

Question 1

Broca’s Aphasia is Characterized by …

Answer 1

Difficulty in production of speech.

Very aware of deficit and get frustrated.

• Non-fluent
• Production

Question 2

Broca’s area is near the area of…

Answer 2

Motor control of the mouth and lower face.

Frontal Lobe

Question 3

Wernicke’s Area is in What Lobe?

Answer 3

Temporal

Next to primary auditory cortex

Question 4

Wernicke’s aphasia is characterized by …

Answer 4

The inability to comprehend speech.

• Fluent
• Comprehension

Question 5

Speech is most often lateralized to what hemisphere of the brain?

Answer 5

Left

Question 6

Prosody Definition & Hemisphere

Answer 6

Prosody = Rhythm, tone and emphasis in speech.

Most often lateralized to the right hemisphere.

Question 7

Agraphia

Answer 7

Characterized by inability to write.

Question 8

Dyslexias

Answer 8

Come in many forms and are characterized by difficulties in reading and writing.

Question 9

Split Brain Patients

Answer 9

Sever the CC in patients with severe seizure disorder.

Question 10

Language Hemispheric Specialization Stats

Answer 10

• Language is in the left hemisphere in about 95% of people who are right handed.
• Language is in the left hemisphere in about 75% of people who are left handed.

Question 11

2 Tasks to Determine if Language is Lateralized to the Left Hemisphere

Answer 11

1. WADA Test
2. Dichotic Listening Test

Question 12

WADA Test

Answer 12

A test for brain lateralization.

Ex. Inject barbituates up left carotid artery (feeds left side of brain) to put that side of the brain to sleep. Then do tests.

Question 13

Dichotic Listening Test

Answer 13

Brain lateralization test.

If want to find out if someone has language in left hemisphere, introduce language noise into right ear (it will cross) and distracting noises into left ear and see if can identify spoken words.

Question 14

Side-Note: Hooked Writing

Answer 14

• People who write with hand hooked have language in the same hemisphere as the hand they’re writing with.
• (neuro-linguistic theory)

Question 15

Is language entirely in the left hemisphere?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Language Center of Right Hemisphere

Answer 16

Specialized for prosody.

Information about tone, volume, inflection etc. has as much to do with communication as syntax does.

Question 17

Fusiform Area

Answer 17

Recognizing/whole word reading

Question 18

Arcuate Fasciculus

Answer 18

Arc-like bundle of axons that joins Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas.

Question 19

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 19

Rare and symptoms subtle. Can’t repeat words. E.g., “house” vs “home”.

Can comprehend and produce speech.

Question 20

Broca & Wernicke’s Areas

(Image)

Answer 20

Question 21

Chomsky

Answer 21

The Critical Period for Language Acquisition.

• Studied ferrell children
• Must learn language by puberty (13 years old)
• Whatever language/accent you learn until puberty, you’re likely to have for the rest of your life

Question 22

Alexia

Answer 22

Reading inability

Question 23

2 Types of Dyslexias

Answer 23

1. Surface
2. Phonological

Question 24

Surface Dyslexia

Answer 24

Can’t do whole word reading and can’t read non-words. Must sound everything out (it therefore takes longer to read long words over short words)

Deficit most likely in right hemisphere because word recognition most likely there.

Question 25

Phonological Dyslexia

Answer 25

Can read phonologically (sounding it out). Have no problem with long words and can see surface of words. Deficit likely in left hemisphere.

Question 26

2 Main Ways to Read

Answer 26

1. Sounding it out (phonological) 2. Recognizing words (whole-word reading)

Question 27

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Answer 27

* Speech disorder in which a person has difficulty comprehending speech and producing meaningful spontaneous speech but CAN repeat speech.

Question 28

Pure Alexia

Answer 28

* Loss of ability to read without loss of ability to write.

Question 29

Direct Dyslexia

Answer 29

Can read words aloud but can't understand what reading.