medterm > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Abdominopelvic region

A

top R/L hypochondriac, top M epigastric, mid R/L lumbar region, mid M umbilical region, bottom R/L iliac, bottom M hypogastric

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2
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

antihypertensive medication

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3
Q

Adhesion

A

fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally as a result of an injury or surgery

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4
Q

Anatomic position

A

standing erect, palms facing forward, feet pointing forward (gives us standard point of reference)

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5
Q

Anemia:
Iron-deficiency
hemochromatosis
megaloblastic
sickle-cell

A

1) lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood
2) “most common form of anemia,” iron is essential component of hemoglobin. without sufficient iron to help create hemoglobin, blood cannot carry oxygen effectively
3) “iron overload disease” genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron
4) anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal, resulting from a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B
5) genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape

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6
Q

Antibody

A

(immunoglobulin) disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen

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7
Q

Aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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8
Q

Antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign (viruses, bacteria, toxins, transplanted tissue)

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9
Q

Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Involves binding antigens to antibodies/immunoglobulins, labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed

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10
Q

Arrhythmia

A

describes an abnormality, or loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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11
Q

Arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of 2 bones to stiffen a joint, usually to treat severe arthritis or a damaged joint

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12
Q

Arthrolysis

A

loosening of joint

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13
Q

Arthroplasty

A

surgical fixation of joints

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14
Q

Atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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15
Q

Atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures; can be caused by disease or disuse

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16
Q

Bacteria

A

one celled microscopic organisms. bacterial infections are treated with antibodies

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17
Q

B Cells vs. T Cells

A

lymphocyte that forms antibodies vs. lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and coordinate immune defences

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18
Q

Blood pressure:
systolic
diastolic

A

1) pressure occurring when the ventricles contract
2) pressure occurring when the ventricles are relaxed, or between heartbeats

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19
Q

Body Cavities

A

Ventral- Thoracic: protects heart and lungs, Pelvic: hip bones form reproduction, Abdominal: digestion
Dorsal- Cranial, Spinal
Orbital, Nasal, Buccal

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20
Q

Body Planes

A

know

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21
Q

Capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

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22
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

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23
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of body

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24
Q

Cell Types:
lymphocytes
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

A

1) WBC formed in the bone marrow as stem cells
2) least common type of WBC
3) destroy parasitic organisms in the body’s tissues
4) most common blood cell

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25
Chromosomes
genetic structures found in the nucleus
26
Communicable disease
capable of being transmitted
27
Congenital disorder
birth defect, and developmental disorder
28
Congestive heart failure
heart has buildup of fluid because it is unable to pump out all the blood it receives
29
Coronary thrombosis
damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking the coronary artery
30
Craniostenosis
premature closure of cranial sutures
31
Crepitation
when the ends of broken bones move together, a grating sound can be heard/felt
32
Cyanosis
the bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
33
Deep vein thrombosis
blood clot on the wall of a deep vein
34
Disease transmission: airborne direct contact indirect contact
1) passed through contaminated air/respiratory droplets 2) touching 3) contaminated surface
35
Elevation
raising or lifting a body part, raising of rib cage during inhalation
36
Endothelium
lines vessels, body cavities, glands and organs
37
Epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow, lateral-tennis, medial-golfer
38
Fasciitis
inflammation of the fascia
39
Fascioplasty
surgical fixation of the fascia
40
Foramen
An opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
41
Flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
42
Fracture types: simple transverse spiral
1) aka closed, bone is broken but there is no open wound 2) fracture is straight across bone (transverse plane) 3) occurs from a severe twisting motion
43
Hamstring injury
injury to the muscles and tendons that flex the knee and extend the hip
44
Heart electrical system: atrioventricular node sinoatrial node purkinje fibers
1) located on the floor of the right atrium, sends impulses to the Bundle of His from SA node 2) bundle of nerve cells in the heart, "natural pacemaker" 3) relay an electrical signal to the cells of the ventricle walls causing them to contract
45
Hemolytic
destroys worn-out red blood cells and releases their hemoglobin to be reused
46
Heart structures: pulmonary arteries pulmonary veins valves
1) send blood to lungs from heart 2) send blood to heart from lungs 3) controls flow of blood, prevents back flow
47
Hemopoietic
formation of blood
48
Histologist
A histologist is a non-physician specialist who studies the microscopic structure of tissues (specialist in tissues)
49
Hodgkin's lymphoma
distinguished by large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
50
Immunodeficiency disorder
occurs when the immune response is compromised (weak)
51
Joint types: cartilaginous fibrous synovial
1) Joint created by cartilage 2) inflexible joint called suture 3) flexible joint, allows variety of movements
52
Muscle spasm
sudden, involuntary contracture of one or more muscle
53
Muscle tissue types skeletal smooth cardiac
1) attaches to bone, makes body movement possible 2) involuntary, lines all muscles except heart 3) involuntary, forms heart walls
54
Myeloma
tumor of spinal cord/bone marrow
55
Myocele
protrusion of a muscle through a tear in the fascia
56
Myoclonus
sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle
57
Myofascial release
treats fibromyalgia, is soft tissue manipulation
58
Myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
59
Neuroplasty
surgical fixation of nerves
60
Osteitis
inflammation of bone tissue
61
Myoplasty
surgical fixation of muscle
62
Osteoporosis
marked loss of bone density often associated with aging
63
Osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone
64
Otorhinolaryngology
study of the ears, nose, and throat
65
Paget's disease
bone disease of unknown cause that is characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
66
Patella
knee cap
67
Plantar flexion
bending the foot downward at the ankle
68
Plaque
fatty deposit on artery wall
69
Radiograph
fracture diagnosed by
70
Red bone marrow vs. yellow bone marrow
hemopoietic vs. serves as a fat storage area in the bones
71
Rotation vs. circumduction
a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint, a bone turns on its own axis vs. the circular movement at the far end of a limb
72
Shin splint
painful condition caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
73
Spina bifida
congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
74
Spondylolisthesis
forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
75
Sprain
injury to a joint that causes damage to a ligament
76
Tendon
non-elastic, dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
77
Tibia
larger of the lower leg bones
78
Thrombocytopenia
abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood, sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding
79
Tissue types: muscle nerve loose connective adipose
1) can contract and relax 2) reacts to stimuli and impulses 3) surrounds organs, supports nerve cells and blood vessels 4) fat
80
Valvular prolapse
organ or internal part protrudes or falls down into an area it doesn't belong
81
Valvulitis
inflammation of valves
82
Word root Combining form Prefix Suffix
1)basic meaning of term 2) vowel 3) location, time, number, status 4) indicate procedure, condition, disorder
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