Final study guide 2

Question 1

What is a Frame of Reference (FOR)?

Answer 1

A structured approach that guides intervention strategies, focusing on specific performance components and providing treatment principles.

Question 2

What is a Model of Practice (MOP)?

Answer 2

A broad framework explaining how occupation is influenced by the person as a whole, guiding assessment and client-centered care.

Question 3

What is the focus of the Biomechanical FOR?

Answer 3

Improving strength, endurance, and ROM to restore physical performance.

Question 4

When is the Developmental FOR used?

Answer 4

When goals involve delays or regression in skill acquisition across predictable stages.

Question 5

What does Sensory Integration FOR address?

Answer 5

Enhancing sensory processing for improved attention, behavior, and coordination.

Question 6

What is the Motor Learning FOR principle?

Answer 6

Skill acquisition through practice, feedback, and repetition in meaningful contexts.

Question 7

What does Neurodevelopmental Treatment (NDT) focus on?

Answer 7

Improving postural control and normal movement patterns through handling and facilitation.

Question 8

What does MOHO emphasize?

Answer 8

Motivation, habits, and roles influencing occupational performance.

Question 9

What is the main idea of PEOP?

Answer 9

Occupational performance depends on the fit between person, environment, and occupation.

Question 10

What is unique about CMOP?

Answer 10

Client-centered practice emphasizing spirituality as the core of engagement.

Question 11

What does the Kawa Model represent?

Answer 11

Life flow as a river, shaped by social and cultural context.

Question 12

What is the focus of Occupational Adaptation?

Answer 12

Adaptation and mastery when facing occupational challenges.

Question 13

Why do FORs matter for OTAs?

Answer 13

They strengthen clinical reasoning, support individualized care, and improve communication with OTRs.

Question 14

How do you choose the right FOR?

Answer 14

Align with client goals, barriers, and desired outcomes; often combine multiple FORs.

Question 15

What are the two main types of research in OT?

Answer 15

Qualitative (explores meaning and experiences) and Quantitative (measures numerical data for statistical analysis).

Question 16

What does the CRAAPO rubric evaluate?

Answer 16

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose, and Objectivity of a source.

Question 17

What is the PICO/PIO framework used for?

Answer 17

Formulating research questions: Population, Intervention, Comparison (optional), Outcome.

Question 18

What is the highest level on the evidence ladder?

Answer 18

Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and practice guidelines.

Question 19

What is the difference between Exploration and Gold Standard information levels?

Answer 19

Exploration = informal sources (TikTok, Google); Gold Standard = peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources (AJOT, AOTA guidelines).

Question 20

Why is evidence-based practice important for OTAs?

Answer 20

Ensures effective, ethical care, enhances credibility, and supports client-centered interventions.

Question 21

What is the first step in resource-use decision making?

Answer 21

Identify the focus: define the clinical question linked to client needs.

Question 22

What does ‘Idea Scan’ involve?

Answer 22

Broad search for potential solutions and keywords before deep research.

Question 23

What does the evidence ladder prioritize?

Answer 23

Start with guidelines and systematic reviews, then primary studies, then credible summaries, and lastly informal sources.

Question 24

What is the purpose of the CRAAPO rubric?

Answer 24

To systematically assess the credibility and relevance of resources.

Question 25

What does quantitative research focus on?

Answer 25

Measurable, numerical, and objective data that can be statistically analyzed.

Question 26

What does qualitative research focus on?

Answer 26

Explores meaning, experiences, and perspectives through descriptive, narrative data.

Question 27

What is the role of research in OT practice?

Answer 27

Provides scientific basis for interventions, ensures ethical care, and enhances professional credibility.

Question 28

What is the PICO example given in the PDF?

Answer 28

For adults with stroke (P), does constraint-induced movement therapy (I) compared to standard occupational therapy (C) improve upper extremity function (O)?

Question 29

What is the purpose of a decision tree in OT treatment planning?

Answer 29

To provide a simple framework for choosing client activities based on impact and evidence.

Question 30

What defines a high-impact decision in OT?

Answer 30

Choices that affect client safety, are costly, ethically controversial, or based on contested evidence.

Question 31

What defines a low-impact decision in OT?

Answer 31

Choices that are easily adjustable, low risk, low cost, and do not impact client safety.

Question 32

Give an example of a high-impact decision.

Answer 32

Selecting CIMT for a client or justifying an exoskeleton for SCI.

Question 33

Give an example of a low-impact decision.

Answer 33

Choosing a brand of built-up utensils or suggesting a brief stretch between classes.

Question 34

How should high-impact decisions be supported?

Answer 34

Through evidence—using primary and secondary sources.

Question 35

What are the three types of evidence in OT decision-making?

Answer 35

Primary (original studies), Secondary (systematic reviews/meta-analyses), Tertiary (textbooks, manuals).

Question 36

What is an example of primary research?

Answer 36

An RCT on virtual reality interventions for stroke recovery.

Question 37

What is an example of secondary research?

Answer 37

A systematic review of hand therapy protocols for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 38

What is an example of tertiary research?

Answer 38

An OT textbook chapter on assessment tools for developmental coordination disorder.

Question 39

What are two valid approaches for low-impact decisions?

Answer 39

Evidence-led (quick scan of credible sources) and judgment-led (activity analysis, clinical observation).

Question 40

What does judgment-led decision-making involve?

Answer 40

Activity analysis, client info, best-practice know-how, real-time observation, and therapeutic use of self.

Question 41

What is the difference between adapt, modify, and grade?

Answer 41

Adapt = change tools/environment; Modify = change rules/procedure; Grade = adjust challenge level.

Question 42

Give an example of grading a board game down.

Answer 42

Fewer pieces, longer turn times, simpler goals.

Question 43

Give an example of grading a board game up.

Answer 43

Timed turns, dual-tasking, more complex rules.

Question 44

What does COAST stand for in goal writing?

Answer 44

Client, Occupation, Assistance level, Specific condition, Timeline

Question 45

Give an example of a COAST goal.

Answer 45

Client will use a shoe horn to independently don shoes over 2 sessions.

Question 46

What does the 'C' in COAST represent?

Answer 46

Client (who will perform the task)

Question 47

What does the 'O' in COAST represent?

Answer 47

Occupation (specific activity or task)

Question 48

What does the 'A' in COAST represent?

Answer 48

Assistance level (degree of independence or help needed)

Question 49

What does the 'S' in COAST represent?

Answer 49

Specific condition (under what conditions or with what tools)

Question 50

What does the 'T' in COAST represent?

Answer 50

Timeline (by when the goal should be achieved)

Question 51

What does SMART stand for?

Answer 51

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound

Question 52

Why is data collection important in OT?

Answer 52

Justifies treatment decisions, supports reporting, and meets third-party requirements

Question 53

Name two principles of data collection.

Answer 53

Validity (truthfulness) and Reliability (trustworthiness)

Question 54

Give examples of quantitative data collection formats.

Answer 54

Checklists, graphs, charts, rubrics, time sampling

Question 55

Give examples of qualitative data collection formats.

Answer 55

Work samples, interviews, observations

Question 56

What is the difference between soft notes and professional notes?

Answer 56

Soft notes are informal and not part of the medical record; professional notes are formal, measurable, and legally defensible

Question 57

Why is documentation important?

Answer 57

It protects legal rights, communicates care, supports reimbursement, and demonstrates quality

Question 58

What are the four parts of a SOAP note?

Answer 58

Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan

Question 59

What goes in the Subjective section of a SOAP note?

Answer 59

Client’s statements, complaints, and perspective

Question 60

What goes in the Objective section of a SOAP note?

Answer 60

Observable facts, measurable progress, and skilled interventions

Question 61

What goes in the Assessment section of a SOAP note?

Answer 61

Interpretation of S & O, client’s response, and justification for continued service

Question 62

What goes in the Plan section of a SOAP note?

Answer 62

Next steps, frequency/duration, and recommendations

Question 63

Why is medical coding important in OT?

Answer 63

Ensures proper billing and reimbursement; incorrect coding can lead to denied claims