Human Disease & Therapeutics > Final, Test One > Flashcards

Final, Test One Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q
  • Muscarinic Agonist

- Urinary problems (makes you pee)

A

Bethanechol

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2
Q
  • Muscarinic Agonist

- Tx dry mouth/Sjogren’s

A

Pilocarpine

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3
Q
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor (increases concentration of Ach)

- Tx alzheimer’s

A

Donepezil

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4
Q
  • Muscarinic antagonist
  • Stops saliva
  • Increases HR after MI
A

Atropine

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5
Q
  • Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Motion Sickness
  • sedation, constipation, xerostomia, dilated pupils
A

Scopalamine

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6
Q
  • Nicotinic Muscarinic Antagonist

- Relaxes skeletal muscles (during surgery)

A

Succinylcholine

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7
Q
  • A1 agonist

- decongestant

A

Phenylephrine

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8
Q
  • A1 antagonist
    • Lowers BP by dilating vessels
    • Tx BPH
    • Orthostatic hypotension a concern
A

Prazosin

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9
Q
  • A2 agonist (presynaptic receptors)
    • Lowers BP by decreasing NE release
    • Tx HTN, ADHD, and glaucoma
A

Clonidine/Guanfacine

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10
Q
  • B1 and B2 agonist

- Tx bradycardia, heart block, and some asthma (increases HR, dilates bronchioles)

A

Isoproterenol

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11
Q
  • B-antagonist (non-slective)
  • BP drug
  • decrease heart rate and bronchoconstrict
A

Propanolol

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12
Q

-B1 blocker (selective)

A

Atenolol

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13
Q
  • B2 agonist
    • Asthma, COPD
    • CHRONIC asthma
A

Albuterol

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14
Q
  • B2 agonist
    • Asthma, bronchitis
    • Slow uterine contractions (delay labor)
A

Terbutaline

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15
Q
  • D2 antagonist

- Schozophrenia, touret’s

A

Haloperidol

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16
Q
  • Mixed agonists
    • Increase BP
    • Herbal weight loss drugs
A

Ephedra/Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine

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17
Q
  • Amphetamines in, NE and DA out

- Catecholamine mimickers

A

Amphetamines

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18
Q

-DA uptake blocker

A

Cocaine

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19
Q
  • DA uptake blocker
    • ADHD and narcolepsy
    • Ritalin
A

Methylphenidate

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20
Q
  • gingival hyperplasia
    • hirsuitism
    • blocks Na+ channels
    • Zero-order kinetics (monitor closely)
    • partial and generalized tonic-clonic
A

Phenytoin

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21
Q
  • Uncomplicated Absence (2x)

- blocks Ca++ channels

A

Ethosuximide

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22
Q
  • Partial and general tonic-clonic seizures
    • SJ syndrome
    • Na+ channel blocker
A

Carbamazapine

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23
Q
  • blocks Na+ channels
  • Side effects= weight, Reye-syndrome, SPINA BIFIDA, Liver toxicity
  • Don’t use on pregnant, bad liver
A

Valproate

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24
Q

Too little DA, too much Ach in nigral striatal pathway, alpha synuclein, Lewy bodies

A

Parkinson’s

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25
- anticholinergic - xerostomia (BIG TIME) - Constipation and urinary retention (take diuretics)
Benztropine
26
Too MUCH DA, too much AMPA/NMDA Glutamate, too little GABA in the striatal cell bodies
Huntington’s
27
- Increases dopamine - works great on symptoms, may accelerate degeneration (psychosis) - Converted into DA after crossing BB (DA can’t cross- charged) - Carbidopa prevents the metabolism of levodopa systemically - glossitis, bruxism, dark saliva/teeth (oxidation of L-DOPA) - increased sympathetic activity- contraindicates using epi - L-DOPA could also treat a tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
L-Dopa + Carbidopa
28
- Cholinesterase inhibitor | - increase ACh
Donepezil
29
- Atypical Antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Quetiapine etc) - SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Sertaline) - Tricyclic Antidepressants
Antipsychotics/antidepressants
30
Prednisone, Interferon, Methotrexate are used for
Multiple Sclerosis (Inflammation leads to demyelination)
31
COMT inhibitor
Entacopone, used for Parks
32
MAO inhibitor
Selegilne, used for Parks
33
dopamine D2 agonist
Pramipexole
34
Precursor for dopamine
L-dopa
35
Nerve pain medication and anticonvulsant | It can treat seizures and pain caused by shingle
Gabapentin (MS)
36
Dopamine promoter | It can treat Parkinson's disease
Carbidopa
37
Antipsychotic | It can treat certain types of mental disorders
haloperidol
38
senile plaques and neurofibrillary tanges are caused by what and is what disease?
beta amyloid and taue protein
39
- symptoms can be relieved by treatmentwith methyltrexate - Damage to oligodendrocytes - Found more often in women, scandinavians, further from the equator
multiple scerosis
40
abnormal pain that does not singal tissue damage or promote healing
neuropathic pain
41
activated by mechanical, heat, and acid stimuli
polymodal nociceptors
42
pain originating from musculoskeletal structures
somatic pain
43
TRP V specialized ion channels
Mediator of sensitization
44
- Trigemial neuralgia - generally not associated with activation of nociceptors - Associated with the process of pain sensitization
what are things associated with neuropathic pain
45
- Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach - Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor - Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
Ibuprofen
46
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow - Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and an ulcer
Acetaminophen
47
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow - Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach - Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor - Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach - Can cause Reye’s syndrome when used by children
Acetylsalicyclic acid
48
- NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain - Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor - Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach - Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
Diflunisal
49
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow - Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped - Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist
Pentazocine
50
o Likely most effective in treating Trigeminal neuralgia
Gabapentin
51
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow o Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and ulcer
Tramadol
52
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow o Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist o NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain
Buprenorphine
53
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow o Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach o Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor o Long lasting NSAID
Naprosyn
54
o Use for treatment of overdose by prescription opioid analgesics
Naloxone
55
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow o Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped o Most potent opiod analgesic
Fentanyl
56
- Too much Dopamine | - All drugs have extrapyridamal side effects (Tardive dyskinesias, Parkinson-like tremors), weight gain, etc
Schizophrenia
57
SE's of Phenothiazines
sedation and weight gain side effects, cheap, effective
58
Typical Antipsychotics (block D2 receptors- postsynaptic) drugs for Schizophrenia
``` Phenothiazines -Chorpromazine -Thioridizine Butyrophenones -Haloperidol ```
59
SE's of Haloperidol
high extrapyridimal side effects (dyskisisa)
60
Atypical Antipsychotics (also block 5HT2 Receptors, effective for “negative” effects of Schizophrenia)
- Clozapine (agranulocytosis) - Quetiapine - Olanzapin
61
Type of drugs for major depression
- MAOI(Increases DA, 5HT, NE…. orthostatic hypotension, tyramine effect) - Tricyclic Antidepressants (Block NE uptake, bad withdrawal, hypnotic effect) - Monoamine uptake blockers (GI upset, depression in adolescents) - SSRIs - NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
62
Name the 2 MAOI's
- phenelzine- major depression | - selegiline (used on Parkinson’s sometimes)
63
Name 3 Tricyclic Antidepressants n ) -NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
- amitriptyline - desipramine - doxepin
64
Name two SSRI's that treat Austism and bulimia
``` fluoxetine= Prozac, sertraline= Zoloft ```
65
What drugs for Bipolor (Manic/depressive) acts on 2nd messenger systems (GPCR, adenyll cyclase)
Lithium Carbonate
66
SEs of Li
neuro and kidney
67
List the three Antiepileptics used for bipolar
- Valproate - Carbamazepine - Lamotrigine
68
Name three Chronic Anxiety Disorders drugs ``` Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer) -Pentobarbital= IV sedation -Phenobarbital= seizures Buspirone ($$ compared to BDZ/Barbs) -non-sedating anxiolytic ```
Benzodiazepines Barbituates Buspirone
69
Benzodiazepines (agonists on BDZ receptors, which modulates GABAaR) has two types, name them with drugs
- Sedatives (diazepam and alprazolam) | - Hypnotics (lorazepam and triazolam)= to sleep, short acting
70
Name the two Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer)
- Pentobarbital= IV sedation | - Phenobarbital= seizures
71
Buspirone is ___ compared to BDZ/Barbs
$$ compared to BDZ/Barbs | -non-sedating anxiolytic
72
Drugs used for Panic Attacks (5HT thing rather than a GABA thing)
Paxil (Paroxetine) -SSRI Venlafaxin -SNRI (5HT/NE)
73
List the drugs used for ADHD/ADD
Stimulants (which actually work to relax kids) -Amphetamines (Adderall) -Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Non-stimulants -Modafinil (less abuse, DAT/NET blocker)
74
What durgs can treat Autism
Atypical antipsychotics - Clozapine - Quetiapine - Olanzapine SSRIs
75
drug used for Bulimia/Anorexia
Fluoxetine
76
Messy MOA, upregulates several receptors, withdrawal → seizures, vasodilation, zero-order kinetics, 15-20% cirrhosis
Alcoholism
77
- Aldehyde dehydroxenase inhibitor | - increases aldehyde concentrations= CRUMMY FEELING
Disulfiram (antabuse)
78
Mechanism of Cocaine and Ritalin
- block DA reuptake transporter | - “inhibitor of the NE transporter
79
Mechanism of Amphetamines (Meth, MDMA aka Ecstasy, bath salts)
- reverse DA reuptake transporter and release DA from vesicles - METH= 10X the DA release (most of all drugs)
80
Mechanism Opioids, Nicotine, Marijuana, Caffeine, Alcohol etc
-increase release of DA via other receptors
81
the endogenous lingand naturally binds to cannabinoid 1 receptors is
anandaminde
82
Most effective decongestant is alpha ___
1, PE
83
endorphins directly stimulate ___ receptors
opioid
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