1
Q
hallmark sign of fibromyalgia
A
tender points + widespread pain > 3 months
2
Q
morning stiffness > 30 mins + symmetric small joint involvement
A
RA
3
Q
bone pain, proximal muscle weakness, loosers zone
A
osteomalacia
4
Q
back pain improving with activity
A
ankylosing spondylitis
5
Q
test for gout
A
synovial spinal fluid
6
Q
child refusing to walk + spinal pain
A
diskitis
7
Q
sausage digits + nail pitting
A
psoriatic arthritis
8
Q
morning stiffness < 30 mins
A
osteoarthritis
9
Q
symmetric proximal muscle weakness + increase CK
A
polymyositis
10
Q
normal labs, widespread pain
A
fibromyalgia
11
Q
vitamin D def. - soft bones
A
osteomalacia
12
Q
symmetric small joint erosions
A
RA
13
Q
pain worse with movement
A
OA
14
Q
nighttime 1st MTP pain
A
GOUT
15
Q
high fever, swollen knee
A
septic arthritis
16
Q
HLA - B27
A
AS
17
Q
dry eyes/mouth
A
sjogrens
18
Q
RA flares
A
DIPs
19
Q
hormone deficient or ineffective with diabetes insipidus
A
ADH
20
Q
graves - overproduction of
A
T3-T4
21
Q
exophthalmos
A
graves
22
Q
cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia
A
hypothyroidism
23
Q
chvosteks sign
A
hypoparathyroidism
24
Q
conns syndrome causes elevated
A
aldosterone
25
moon face, buffalo hump
cushings
26
dilute urine despite dehydration
diabetes insipidus
27
hyperparathyroidism leads to which electrolyte abdnormality
hypercalcemia
28
SIADH leads to
hypoatremia
29
increases fracture risk due to bone resorption
hyperparathyroidism
30
addisons disease due to deficient production of
cortisol + aldosterone
31
what diabetes complication affects kidneys
diabetic neuropathy
32
condition results form excess cortisol
cushings
33
pituitary disorders
- gigantism
- acromegaly
- diabetes insipidus
- SIADH
34
gigantism
GH excess before growth plates close
35
acromegaly
GH excess after growth plate closure
- big jaw/hands/feet
- joint pain
36
SIADH
- high ADH
- water retention
- hypoatremia
37
diabetes insipidus
- low ADH
- polyuria, polydipsia, dilute urine
38
thyroid disorders
- hyperthyroid
- hypothyroid
- thyroid storm
39
hyperthyroid
- heat intolerance
- tremor
- weight loss
- exophthalmos
- high T3/T4 , low TSH
40
hypothyroid
- cold intolerance
- weight gain
- bradycardia
- fatigue
- low T3/T4 , high TSH
41
parathyroid disorders
- hyperparathyroidism
- hypoparathyroidism
42
hyperparathyroidism
- high PTH
- hypercalcemia
- bone pain, stones, fractures
43
hypoparathyroidism
- low PTH
- hypocalcemia
- tetany, chvostek sign
44
adrenal disorders
- cushings
- conns
- addisons
45
cushings
- excess cortisol
- moon face, buffalo hump
- muscle wasting
46
conns
- excess aldosterone
- HTN, hypokalemia
47
addisons
- low cortisol, aldosterone
- fatigue, hypotension, hyperpigmentation
48
osteoporosis
- low bone mass -> fractures
49
osteomalacia
vit D deficiency
- soft bones
- loosers zone
50
osteoarthritis
- wear/tear
- pain worse with use
- stiffness <30 mins
- DIP
51
rheumatoid arthritis
- autoimmune
- symm. MCP/PIP
- stiffness >30 mins
52
psoriatic arthritis
- DIP
- nail pitting
53
osteomyelitis
- bone infection
54
septic arthritis
- hot swollen joint
- fever
- EMERGENT
55
polymyositis
- proximal weakness
- high CK
56
dermatomyositis
- weakness
- rash
57
inclusion body myositis
- mixed weakness
- older adults
58
SIASH .. urine
concentrated
59
Which type of tumor arises from epithelial tissue such as the breast or colon?
carcinoma
60
A 25-year-old asymptomatic patient has a small, oval, sclerotic lesion found incidentally on imaging
of the femur. What is the most likely diagnosis?
bone island
61
A 19-year-old male reports sharp night pain in his tibia relieved by NSAIDs. Which diagnosis is
most likely?
osteoid osteoma
62
A young adult presents with dull, chronic back pain and a spinal lesion on imaging. The lesion is
larger than an osteoid osteoma. What diagnosis fits best?
osteoblastoma
63
24. The most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents is:
osteosarcoma
64
A child presents with bone pain, swelling, and an ‘onion-skin’ periosteal reaction on imaging. Which tumor fits
ewings
65
Which tumor involves plasma cells and presents with ‘punched-out’ lytic lesions?
multiple myeloma
66
Which tumor is most resistant to radiation but responds to chemotherapy?
osteosarcoma
67
Which cancers most commonly metastasize to bone?
Breast, prostate, lung, kidney, thyroid
68
A 70-year-old man reports sharp, constant back pain worse at night. Imaging reveals osteolytic lesions. Which diagnosis is most likely?
Metastatic bone disease
69
The presence of hypercalcemia, confusion, and bone pain in a cancer patient most likely indicates:
Bone metastasis
70
Which type of hernia involves upward movement of both the gastroesophageal junction and a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity?
sliding hiatial
71
A patient with chronic alcohol use reports severe epigastric pain radiating to the back after a heavy meal.
acute pancreatitis
72
symptom pattern is most consistent with cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
RUQ pain after fatty meals with shoulder referral
73
A patient’s liver enzymes are elevated and they report fatigue, nausea, and dark urine. They recently traveled and drank untreated water. Which condition is most likely?
Hepatitis A
74
What complication is associated with cirrhosis?
portal hypertension
75
Asterixis (flapping tremor) is most associated with which condition?
Hepatic encephalopathy
76
Which condition is considered a medical emergency due to infection of the bile ducts?
Cholangitis
77
A patient has persistent epigastric pain relieved by eating and melena. Which condition fits this pattern?
Peptic ulcer disease
78
Crohn’s disease most commonly affects which area of the GI tract?
Terminal ileum
79
A patient with ulcerative colitis presents with bloody diarrhea and cramping. Which area is affected?
Colon and rectum
80
Ascites is most commonly due to which underlying cause?
Portal hypertension from liver disease
81
Which finding is characteristic of liver cancer?
RUQ pain, jaundice, and weight loss
82
Which patient presentation is most concerning for pancreatic cancer?
Painless jaundice with weight loss
83
Which disease causes inflammation of the gallbladder due to gallstone obstruction?
Cholecystitis
84
Which patient presentation best suggests chronic pancreatitis?
Epigastric pain radiating to back with oily stools and weight loss
85
A patient presents with severe flank pain radiating to the groin and hematuria. What condition is suspected
kidney stones
86
Which condition involves outpouchings in the colon wall that become infected or inflamed?
Diverticulitis
87
in a patient with suspected GI bleeding, which symptom indicates an upper GI source?
Melena (black stool)
88
Which finding most supports a diagnosis of cirrhosis?
Spider angiomas, ascites, and confusion
89
Which hepatitis type is spread through blood and body fluids?
HEP B,C
90
Which GI condition may mimic thoracic spine pain in PT practice?
acute pancreatitis
91
Which hormone secreted by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin
92
What structure in the nephron is responsible for initial filtration of blood plasma?
Glomerulus
93
A 72-year-old woman reports burning with urination, increased frequency, and cloudy urine.
Cystitis
94
presence of costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is a hallmark of:
Pyelonephritis
95
What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
diabetes mellitus
96
In CKD, decreased erythropoietin production leads primarily to:
Anemia
97
urinary symptom is most typical of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
B. Weak urinary stream
98
The hormone that increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts is:
ADH
99
Which urinary tract infection involves the kidneys rather than the bladder?
Pyelonephritis
100
Which lab finding is most consistent with kidney failure?
Elevated BUN and creatinine
101
What is the most common bacterial cause of UTIs?
e. coli
102
Which symptom distinguishes cystitis from pyelonephritis?
Suprapubic discomfort
103
Which condition is characterized by colicky flank pain radiating to the groin?
kidney stones
104
Which condition commonly presents with heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure?
uterine fibroids
105
What is the pathogenesis of endometriosis?
Ectopic endometrial tissue outside uterus
106
Which hormone is primarily responsible for sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule?
aldosterone
107
A male patient reports difficulty starting urination, weak stream, and nocturia. Likely cause?
prostatitis
108
Which condition is defined as involuntary urine loss with coughing or sneezing?
stress inconteinence
109
Which of the following is a common cause of overflow incontinence in men?
BPH
110
Which clinical finding suggests CKD-related bone disease?
Renal osteodystrophy
111
What hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex acts on the kidney to retain sodium and water?
aldosterone
112
In a patient with prostate cancer, new onset low back pain could indicate:
Bone metastasis
113
What is the hallmark feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Elevated androgens and insulin resistance
114
Which bacterial infection can lead to PID?
Chlamydia trachomatis
115
Which symptom combination indicates PID?
Pelvic pain, fever, and purulent discharge
116
Which type of urinary incontinence is associated with an overactive detrusor muscle?
urge
117
Which of the following is a hallmark finding in pyelonephritis?
Costovertebral angle tenderness
118
What is the role of renin in kidney function?
Activates RAAS to raise blood pressure
119
Which population is MOST at risk for cystitis?
B. Postmenopausal women
120
Which type of kidney stone is most common?
calcium oxalate
121
Which sign suggests uremia in CKD?
Nausea, confusion, and pruritus
122
Which reproductive condition is characterized by cyclic pelvic pain and infertility?
Endometriosis
UTHSC PATHOLOGY
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