CARIOLOGY FINALS > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the non-surgical therapies for dental caries?

A
  • Modifying the biofilm
  • Diet management
  • Anti Microbials
  • Fluorides
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2
Q

Concepts in modifying the biofilm

A
  • Saliva and management of salivary dysfunction
  • Oral Hygiene Practices
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3
Q

Known anti-microbials for teeth

A
  • CHX (chlorhexidine)
  • Iodine
  • Xylitol
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4
Q

What are examples of minimal invasive dentistry

A
  • Laser
  • Chemomechanical caries removal
  • Air abrasion
  • Silver Diamine
  • Pits and fissure Sealants
  • Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART)
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5
Q

Goals in managing carious Lesions

A
  • Inactivation/ control of the disease process
  • Preservation of the dental hart tissue
  • Avoidance of initiating the cycle of re-restorations
  • Preservation of the tooth for as long as possible
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6
Q

It focuses on treating oral diseases, not just the signs and symptoms of oral disease

A

Minimally invasive dentistry

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7
Q

Ultimate goal of Minimally invasive dentistry

A
  • Prevent disease from occurring
  • if disease exists, to eradicate it and prevent its recurrence
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8
Q

Factors to consider when opting for non-surgical therapy or restorative treatment on the patient

A
  • Age
  • Level of anxiety
  • Ability of cooperation
  • Parent’s acceptance
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9
Q

Factors to consider when opting for non-surgical therapy or restorative treatment on the tooth

A
  • Cavity size
  • Pulp vitality
  • Aesthetic implications
  • Time to exfoliation
  • Lesion activity
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10
Q

Other factors to consider when opting for non-surgical therapy or restorative treatment

A
  • dentist expertise
  • Costs
  • Dental equipment availability
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11
Q

Various methods of removing carious tissue

A
  • Non-selective removal to hard dentine
  • Selective removal to firm dentin
  • Selective removal to soft dentine
  • Stepwise technique
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12
Q

Explain Non-selective removal to hard dentine

A
  • Complete excavation
  • Complete caries removal
  • Only a small layer of hard dentin remains
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13
Q

Explain selective removal to firm dentin

A

Removal of carious tissue in firm dentine. Make sure that other layers are not totally excavated

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14
Q

Explain stepwise technique

A
  • It is a two-step excavation
  • remove soft dentin and use GIC for temporary sealing
  • Second step of temporary restoration removal, caries removal to firm dentin and placing a permanent restoration.
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15
Q

used to cut enamel and dentin or the hard tissues

A

Laser in dentistry

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16
Q

Other uses of laser in dentistry

A

Cavity preparation
Caries removal
Surface roughening and etching
Enameloplasty
Excavation of pits and fissured for sealant placement

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17
Q

it alters the surface characteristic of enamel

A

Argon laser

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18
Q

It increases resistance to dental caries by reducing rate of demineralization

A

Laser in dentistry

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19
Q

Commonly used lasers in dentistry

A
  • CO2
  • Er: YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet)
  • Nd:YAG (Neodymium- doped yttrium aluminum garnet)
  • Diode
  • Argon
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20
Q

Carbonated hydroxyapatite in enamel is heated at temperatures greater than __C in laser dentistry

A

400C

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21
Q

Effect of laser on carious lesion

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A

Laser is absorbed, heat is generated, water vaporization and ablation happens esp. on carious lesion with more water content.

22
Q

It is a method of gentle treatment of caries where it uses gel that softens the caries and saves sound tooth structure

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A

Chemomechanical caries Removal

23
Q

Brands used in CMCR

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A

caridex, carisolv, Papacarie, Carie-care

24
Q

Time required in this CMCR is 5-8 minutes

25
Applicator unit is required in this CMCR
Caridex
26
Advantage of CMCR
- reduces or eliminates use of drill and local anes. - Minimal thermal changes, vibration, and pain. - Reduce risk of pulpal expose - Conserves tooth structure - Removal of infected dentin only (specified)
27
Disadvantage of CMCR
- Use of other instruments to remove caries - solution leaves many overhangs and undercuts - large volumes of solution needed - takes time
28
Procedure of CMCR
- Cover cavity with gel - Wait for carious dentin to soften - Carefully remove soft dentin - Repeat until caries free - Fill the cavity
29
Proteolytic agent in CMCR
chemical debridement by Papain gel
30
structureless matrix layer present in necrotic zone of dentinal caries
Mantle
31
in CMCR: clinical efficacy of caries removal was highest with __ followed by __ and __
Airotor, Carisolv, Papacarie
32
Patient acceptance of CMCR was highest with __ followed by ___ and least by ___
Papacarie, Carisolv, Airotor
33
uses compressed air to propel aluminum oxide particles
Air abrasive technology
34
Air abrasion was first developed and described by ___ in __ improved and combined by __
Dr. Robert B Black 1950 Dr. Rainey
35
He introduced the first commercially available unit of Air abrasion called ___ in 1951
S.S White Air-dent
36
Advantages of air abrasion
No anesthesia no heat, vibration, or sound no damage to tooth - less risk of fracturing enamel
37
disadvantages of air abrasion
Can cause sensitivity - cannot be used to treat and repair deep cavities Contraindication for p. with pulmonary disease
38
A cosmetic blackening of teeth in Japan for 900 years that halt caries process and prevent new formation
Silver Diamine Fluoride
39
Other effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride
Desensitizes teeth Protects pulp Treat infected root canal
40
SDF contains (plus its use)
Ammonia (solvent) Silver (antimicrobial, control plaque) Fluoride (enhance remineralization)
41
main disadvantage of Silver Diamine
Lesions treated will be stained black - less patient/ parent acceptance
42
Modifies pits and fissures into smooth surfaces Protects teeth from bacterial colonization Protect teeth from fermentable substrates toot can be cleaned easily
Pits and fissures sealants
43
Steps for Pits and fissure sealants
1. Tooth is cleaned and dried 2. Application of etching solution 3. liquid sealant is applied 4. Curing light hardens sealant
44
Removing decalcified tooth tissue using only hand instruments and restoring cavity with an adhesive filling material
Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)
45
who invented ART, and when and where
Prof. Jo Frencken in South africa 1996
46
developed for use in community and field settings (rural and developing countries)
Atraumatic restorative Treatment
47
Advantage of ART
makes restorative treatment accessible for all - conservation of sound tooth structure painless and friendly procedure sterilization is simplified cost effective
48
Contraindications for ART
History of long time pain Swelling, abscess or fistula near carious tooth exposed pulp inaccessible areas of the tooth to hand instrument
49
ART instruments
Mouth mirror, explorer, cotton pliers, spoon excavator, enamel hatchet, carver, plastic filling instrument, mixing pad and spatula
50
Materials for ART
cotton rolls, cotton pellets, petroleum jelly, plastic strip, wedges, GIC type 9
51
ART procedure
Carious lesion before procedure teeth should be asymptomatic unsupported enamel is removed using hatchet tooth is isolated from moisture using cotton rolls and pellets cavity conditioner is applied on cavity walls GIC is mixed accdng surface of cement should be glossy to indicate moisture - ion exchange takes place occlusion is checked and adjusted finished restoration should be protected from oral environment for 5 mins
52
CARIOLOGY FINALS
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