1
Q
José Rizal, a leader of the ____ movement, was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death by a Spanish court-martial after being implicated as a leader of the Philippine Revolution.
A
reformist
2
Q
On ____, on the eve of his execution, accounts began to circulate that Rizal had retracted his Masonic ideals and his writings and had reconverted to Catholicism through the persuasion of Jesuit priests.
A
December 30, 1896
3
Q
On December 30, 1896, on the eve of his execution, accounts began to circulate that Rizal had retracted his Masonic ideals and his writings and had reconverted to Catholicism through the persuasion of ____ priests.
A
Jesuit
4
Q
The supposed retraction document, which included Rizal’s signature, was allegedly discovered in ____.
A
1935
5
Q
____, a Jesuit priest, claims he visited José Rizal in Fort Santiago during Rizal’s final hours.
A
Father Vicente Balaguer
6
Q
What order does Father Vicente Balaguer belong in?
A
Jesuit
7
Q
What was the purpose of Father Vicente Balaguer’s visit to Rizal during his final hours?
A
Balaguer’s purpose was to persuade Rizal to renounce Masonry and return to the Catholic Church.
8
Q
In a ____, Balaguer stated that he was the one who solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken to Rizal, hours before his execution.
A
1917 affidavit
9
Q
Who was said to solemnized the marriage of Josephine Bracken to Rizal, hours before his execution?
A
Father Vicente Balaguer
10
Q
Balaguer’s Account
Balaguer’s Argument: Rizal was initially hesitant to retract, so Balaguer left to ____. When he returned, he argued with Rizal about the absurdity of mankind’s reasoning against the faith. He warned Rizal that if he did not retract, he would be ____.
A
- ask the Archbishop for a draft of the retraction.
- damned
11
Q
Balaguer’s Account
Rizal’s Conditions: Rizal wanted to make some changes to the draft of the retraction and proposed to add a ____. After some back and forth, he accepted the draft provided by the Prelate
A
profession of faith himself
12
Q
Balaguer’s Account
The Act of Retraction: Rizal was satisfied with the draft and signed the retraction. He knelt down before the altar of the chapel, read his own retraction, and ____.
A
kissed the feet of the priest.
13
Q
Balaguer’s Account
Reconciliation and Marriage: After Rizal’s retraction and a period of confession, he was ____. Balaguer also claims to have solemnized the marriage of Rizal and Josephine Bracken.
A
reconciled with the Catholic Church
14
Q
What kind of source would Balaguer’s account be?
A
Primary Source
15
Q
He is a lawyer and a writer, won a literary contest in 1938 for his biography of Rizal
A
Rafael Palma
16
Q
What was the title of Palma’s biography of Rizal?
A
Biografia de Rizal
17
Q
What was the circumstances leading up to the publishing of Palma’s biography of Rizal? When did it get published?
A
The publication of the book was postponed due to World War II and was finally printed in 1949.
18
Q
Rafael Palma’s Account
What does his document point out regarding Balaguer’s identity as a Jesuit priest?
A
The document argues that while the accounts of the Jesuit priests are valuable, their testimonies should be considered with impartiality and their value is debatable
19
Q
Rafael Palma’s Account
What does the document comment about its authenticity?
Regarding its publicization
A
The analysis questions the authenticity of the retraction
document, noting that it was kept secret and no one saw the
original copy at the time of Rizal’s death. The document was
not found until 1935, which also raises doubts
20
Q
Rafael Palma’s Account
What does the document argue about the actions of the Catholic Church after Rizal’s death?
A
It argues that the actions of the Catholic Church after Rizal’s death, such as not giving him a Catholic burial, suggest that they did not truly believe in his conversion and that there was no “moral motive” for the conversion.
21
Q
Rafael Palma’s Account
The analysis suggests that Rizal’s supposed conversion was a “____” and a ____ by the Church to show that even a prominent revolutionary leader would ultimately submit to the faith
A
- pious fraud
- political tactic
22
Q
Rafael Palma’s Account
Ultimately, what does the document say about Rizal’s character that made the retraction hard to believe?
A
The text concludes that Rizal, as a man of strong character and conviction, would not have renounced his life’s work and beliefs in his final hours.
23
Q
He is an English colonial secretary and magistrate in Hong Kong, developed an interest in José Rizal during his long stay in the region
A
Austin Coates
24
Q
When did Coates become interested in Rizal?
A
Coates’s first study of Rizal was based on a stay in Hong Kong from 1891-1892, a time when many of Rizal’s associates were still alive
25
When did Rizal stay in Hong Kong?
1891-1892
26
What was the title of the biography that Coates wrote about Rizal?
*Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr*
27
Who published Coates' *Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr*?
Oxford University Press
28
When was "*Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr*" published?
1956
29
# Regarding the 2nd ed of Coates' Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr
When was it published in the Philippines?
1992
30
Who wrote the first Rizal biography?
European, Wenceslao Retana
31
When did Wenceslao Retana write the first ever Rizal biography?
1907
32
Where can Coates' analysis of Rizal's retraction be found in his book "*Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr*"?
Part VII, Chapter 5
33
# Austin Coates' Analysis
The text argues that the news of Rizal's retraction was announced immediately after his execution, but that a letter of retraction was ____ with a request for it to be publicized later.
only sent to Spanish consulates abroad
34
# Austin Coates' Analysis
Coates' analysis describes it to be a **pious fraud** as it does not seem to align with the Catholic Church's own actions. **How so?**
The Church's failure to give Rizal a proper Catholic burial is seen as strong evidence against his conversion
35
# Austin Coates' Analysis
What was the stance of Rizal's family regarding his supposed retraction?
Rizal's family found it difficult to believe the retraction, especially since his last-minute actions and communications to his sister suggested he would not retract.
36
# Austin Coates' Analysis
What absurdities regarding Balaguer's account did Coates criticize?
Such as Rizal allowing no one to write his retraction and Balaguer failing to mention Rizal's final poem, *Ultimo Adios*.
37
# Austin Coates' Analysis
What does he say about Rizal's character?
Rizal's character as a man of principle and conviction would not have allowed him to yield to pressure and retract his beliefs.
38
# The Case Against the Retraction
**Lack of the Original Document**: The original retraction document, supposedly signed by Rizal, was not seen by his family, friends, or the public and was not discovered until ____. The delay and secrecy surrounding the document cast significant doubt on its authenticity
**1935**.
39
# The Case Against the Retraction
What was said to be the contradictory action of the church?
They did not perform a Catholic burial rites for Rizal, which was a contradiction given that it's expected for someone who supposedly officially converted
40
# The Case Against the Retraction
How was it inconsistent with Rizal's character?
* It is inconsistent with Rizal's life of defiance and conviction
* *Ultimo Adios* did not mention any retraction or change of heart
* A man of his intellect and principle would likely not have yielded to pressure in his final hours
41
# The Case Against the Retraction
What was the comment about it being a political motivation?
It was a "pious fraud" orchestrated by the Church to discredit Rizal's martyrdom and make it appear that a great man had succumbed to the faith
42
# The Case Against the Retraction
What was the major criticism regarding the eyewitness testimony?
* Balaguer, a Jesuit priest, claimed to have been present and was the one who convinced him to return to Catholic faith
* His association makes it less credible and leaves room for question
43
# The Case Against the Retraction
What supposedly happen if Rizal had made a retraction and re-entered the Catholic Church
The marriage
44
Was the original copy of his retraction ever made public?
No, only photocopies were presented
45
# Rafael Palma
His *Biografia de Rizal* was published in 1949. That same year, an English translation by ____ with the title ____ was published by ____ in the United States
* Roman Ozaeta
* Pride of the Malay Race
* Prentice-Hall, Inc.
46
# Rafael Palma's *Biografia de Rizal*
* The alleged retraction is found in what chapter?
* What about Palma's analysis?
* Chapter 32 and 33
* Chapter 34
47
# Fr. Vicente Balaguer's Account
At what time did he and Fr Villaclara arrive at Fort Santiago?
Dec 29, at 10AM
48
# Fr. Vicente Balaguer's Account
When did Rizal finish writing the retraction?
11:30 PM
| *"Half past 11"*
49
# Fr. Vicente Balaguer's Account
Aside from Rizal, who were the 4 people who signed the retraction?
* **Senor Juan del Fresno**
* Chief of the Picket
* **Senor Eloy Moure**
* Adjutant of the Plaza
50
He was the Jesuit Superior in the Philippines during the time of Rizal's execution
Fr. Pio Pi
51
What role did Fr. Pio Pi play in Rizal's retraction?
Secured the retraction document from the Archibishop of Manila, Bernardino Nozaleda
52
What role did Fr. Pio Pi in relation to Rizal's retraction document?
Created a shorter version when the first one (sent by the Archibishop) did not satisfy him
53
According to Rafael Palma, whose testimony regarding Rizal is the only one considered impartial?
Lt. Taviel de Andrade, Rizal's defense counsel
54
Name of Wenceslao Retana's biography of Rizal?
*Viva y Escritos del Dr. Jose Rizal*
55
Who was believed to have forged Rizal's signature?
Roman Roque
56
Historically speaking, how is Roman Roque significant?
He was also the one who forged Urbano Lacuna's signature – in which was used to capture Aguinaldo
57
He was said to be the mastermind behind Lacuna and Rizal's forged signature. Allegedly approached by the friars to forge Rizal's signature
Lazaro Segovia
58
Who was told of the story of Lazaro Segovia being the mastermind behind Rizal's forged signature in his retraction, and subsequently, Roman Roque's forging?
Antonio K. Abad
59
The fundamental law of a nation or state
Constitution
60
Establishes the character and basic principles of the government
Constitution
61
The system that runs the government is often codified in this written document
Constitution
62
Forms the fundamental rules and principles by which an organization is managed
Constitution
63
* These same principles make clear the rights of the individual and create limitations to government power
* “the highest expression of the law”
Constitution
64
# What are these?
* Prescribes the kind of government that will exist in the state
* Creates the different departments and specifies their respective functions and duties
* Source of the sovereign powers of a government by establishing the fixed, first or basic principles
* Promotes public welfare and establishes the rights of the people which the government is obligated to protect
Constitution purposes
65
# Constitution-making process
1. The constitution is written by a ____
2. The draft constitution or its amendments/revisions are submitted to a ____ for ratification
3. Results are considered and followed by the ____
* constitutional convention
* plebiscite
* government
66
What are the 7 constitutions of the Philippines?
* Biak-na-Bato Constitution (1897)
* Malolos Constitution (1899)
* 1935 Constitution
* 1943 Constitution
* 1973 Constitution
* Freedom Constitution (1986)
* 1987 Constitution
67
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
The Philippine Revolution reached a stalemate in 1897, leading the revolutionary forces of General Emilio Aguinaldo to flee to the mountains of Biak-na-Bato, ____.
San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan
68
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
In order to consolidate the forces and establish a recognized government, ____ and his leaders agreed to form a government
Emilio Aguinaldo
69
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
A revolutionary government had already been formed in March that year (1897), with Aguinaldo as President in ____
Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon.
70
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
An assembly of Filipino rebel leaders (including ____ and ____) were tasked to write a constitution.
Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer
71
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
The constitution was based on the Constitution framed in ____
Jimaguayú, Cuba
72
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
The Constitution was promulgated by the Philippine Revolutionary Government on ____, and became the ____ of the government during the Revolution against Spain
* November 1, 1897
* provisional constitution
73
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
Its preamble reiterated the objective of the Revolution: "the separation of the Philippines from the ____ and their formation into an ____ with its own government."
* Spanish monarchy
* independent state
74
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
* The government formed was a ____.
* This Council was composed of a ____, a ____, a Secretary of the ____, a Secretary of ____, a Secretary of ____, and a Secretary of the ____
* Supreme Council
* President, Vice-President, Interior, Foreign Relations, War, Treasury
75
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
The official language was ____.
Tagalog
76
# Biak-na-Bato Republic Constitution
Judicial power was vested in another ____
Supreme Council of Justice.
77
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
Following the defeat of Spain by the United States in the Spanish-American War, Emilio Aguinaldo, on ____, convened the Malolos Congress at the ____ in Malolos, Bulacan.
* September 15, 1898
* Barasoain Church
78
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
* **Purpose of Congress**: The Congress was initially meant to be an ____.
* **Shift in Mandate**: Upon the advice of ____, and the efforts of ____, the delegates decided to create a constitution to form a ____, which was deemed necessary for peace and stabilit
* advisory body
* Apolinario Mabini, Pedro Paterno, permanent government
79
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
**Drafting the Constitution**:
* Discussions for the constitution began on ____.
* The main draft was submitted by ____, drawing inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil, and France
* October 25, 1898
* Felipe Calderón
80
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
One of the heated discussions focused on the issue of the union of ____, with the motion for Catholicism as the state religion being defeated by only one vote in the second voting session.
Church and State
81
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
* The constitution was approved by the Malolos Congress on ____, and forwarded to President Aguinaldo.
* The final approval and amendments were made by Aguinaldo and the document was finally approved on ____.
* November 29, 1898
* January 21, 1899
82
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
The Malolos Constitution was the first ____
republican constitution in Asia
83
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
* It was based on ____
* The government was formed as a "popular, representative and responsible" republic with three distinct branches: ____, ____, and ____
* democratic traditions.
* the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.
84
# The Malolos Republic Constitution
It called for a ____ form of government, with the President elected for a term of ____ years by a majority of the ____ convened as a constituent assembly
* presidential
* four
* Assembly (the Congress)
85
# The Malolos Republic Consitution
It recognized the freedom of religion and the ____
separation of the Church and State
86
# The Malolos Republic Consitution
It emphasized and safeguarded the basic civil rights of not only Filipinos but foreigners, through a Bill of Rights (Articles ____ to ____).
XIX to XXIII
87
# The Malolos Republic Consitution
The first Philippine Republic (Malolos Republic) was inaugurated on ____, at the ____. Emilio Aguinaldo took his oath as the first President
* January 23, 1899
* Barasoain Church
88
# The Malolos Republic Consitution
It was the ____ of the country. It had a form of governance that included the management of social services, education, the creation of an army, a monetary system, and diplomatic activities.
first democratic government
89
# The Malolos Republic Consitution
The republic was short-lived, its end beginning in ____ with the start of the Philippine-American War and sealed by the capture of Aguinaldo in ____.
* February 1899
* March 1901
90
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
To prepare the Philippines for a transition from a colonial country into a self governing nation, the ____ (approved ____, by the US Congress) provided the framework and guidelines for drafting a new constitution and establishing a ____ year "transitional period" government, known as the ____.
* TydingsMcDuffie Act
* March 24, 1934
* 10
* Commonwealth Government
91
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
On ____, an election was held for delegates to write the constitution.
____ delegates were elected and the convention was opened on July 30, 1934.
* July 10, 1934
* Two hundred two (202)
92
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
* The draft of the Constitution was finished by ____.
* It was approved by the convention on ____.
* It was approved by US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on ____
* January 31, 1935
* February 8, 1935
* March 23, 1935
93
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
It was ratified by the Filipino people in a plebiscite on ____
May 14, 1935
94
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
The 1935 Constitution served as the fundamental law of the land from ____ to ____
1935 to 1972
95
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
It established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and provided for the withdrawal of American sovereignty in the country and the declaration of Philippine independence, which was to be known as the ____
Republic of the Philippines
96
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
What are the key provisions and features?
* Enumerated composition, powers, and duties of the three branches of the govt
* Created **General Auditing Office** to establish civil service
* Women's suffrage
* Created **Philippine Armed Forces**
* Provided for the development of a national language
97
# The 1935 Constitution and the Commonwealth Government
**Inauguration of the Commonwealth:** The Commonwealth Government was inaugurated in ____, leading to the country's independence a decade later.
**Historical Significance:** The framing of the 1935 Constitution was a momentous event, showing that Americans felt Filipinos had the capability for ____
* 1935
* self-government
98
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
**Interruption of the Commonwealth**: The Commonwealth Government was interrupted by the ____ and the ____ of the Philippines.
**Government in Exile**: The Commonwealth, under President Manuel Quezon, went into exile in the ____.
**Japanese Policy**: As part of their policy of attraction in their ____, the Japanese offered to grant the Philippines its independence.
* Second World War, Japanese Occupation
* United States
* Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere program
99
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
Acting on the orders of the Japanese military, the ____, a Filipino political party that served as the political party during the Japanese Occupation, convened and elected a ____ to write a new constitution.
* Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI),
* Philippine Commission for Philippine Independence (PCPI)
100
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
This new constitution was finished and signed on ____, in a public ceremony.
September 4, 1943
101
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
The new constitution was ratified by the KALIBAPI a few days later. On ____ , the Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated, with ____ as President.
* October 14, 1943
* Jose P. Laurel
102
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
* It was a basically condensed version of the 1935 Constitution, consisting of only a ____ and ____.
* It was ____ in nature, as it was only effective during the duration of the war.
* It created a Republic with three offices (executive, legislative, and judicial), but owing to the war, ____ was convened
* preamble and 12 articles
* transitory
* no legislature
103
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
* The powers of government were concentrated with the ____.
* The ____ was basically concentrated with the citizens' duties and obligations, rather than their constitutional rights.
* President
* Bill of Rights
104
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
What was the national language?
Tagalog
105
# The Japanese Occupation and the Second Philippine Republic
The 1943 Constitution recognized as legitimate and binding only in ____. It was ignored by the United States government and the Philippine Commonwealth government-in exile. It was eventually ____ along with the Second Republic upon the liberation of the Philippines by American forces in ____ and the re-establishment of the Commonwealth.
* Japanese-controlled areas
* abolished
* 1945
106
# The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* A Constitutional Convention was convened on ____, at the Manila Hotel.
* Its purpose was to write a new constitution that would meet the challenges confronting the Philippine Republic since its formation in ____.
* This took place during the second term of ____
* June 1, 1971
* 1946
* President Ferdinand Marcos
107
# The 1973 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
What were the controversies and suspensions?
* Convention became controversial, concentrating on speeches and delegates granting themselves allowances
* Peace and order issues
* Marcos was accused of bribing delegates by Leyte delegate Eduardo Quintero
108
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
The convention's activities were suspended when President Marcos declared martial law on ____
September 21, 1972
109
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* Marcos abolished ____ and reorganized the government.
* The convention was reconvened, and a draft constitution was finished and approved on ____
* Instead of being ratified by a plebiscite, Marcos submitted it to ____ that were formed to approve or reject the new constitution.
* Congress
* November 30, 1972
* "citizen assemblies"
110
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* The plebiscite was held from ____
* Marcos signed Proclamation No. ____ on ____, declaring the 1973 Constitution ratified
* January 10–15, 1973.
* 1102
* January 17, 1973
111
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* It provided for a ____ form of government.
* The President was the ____
* The Prime Minister was the head of ____ and the head of the ____. (The President acted as head of the Cabinet).
* parliamentary
* symbolic head of state.
* government
* Cabinet
112
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* Legislative power was vested in the ____
* It also provided for the establishment of the ____ Commission, the Commission on ____, and the Commission on ____
* Batasang Pambansa.
* Civil Service
* Elections
* Audit
113
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
* In ____, amendments were made to the 1973 Constitution.
* The ____ was restored from a symbolic head of state to its original status as the head of state and chief executive of the country.
* The amended Constitution also granted the President several powers and functions that were originally vested in the ____ and ____.
* 1981
* President
* Prime Minister and the Cabinet
114
# The 1937 Constitution and the Marcos Dictatorship
The 1973 Constitution remained in force until the ____ EDSA People Power Revolution, which toppled the Marcos administration. It was abolished with the adoption of the ____ by the administration of President ____
* February 22–25, 1986
* 1986 Freedom Constitution
* Corazon Aquino
115
# The Freedom Constitution
On ____, President Corazon Aquino signed ____, entitled "Declaring a National Policy to Implement the Reforms Mandated by the People, Protecting their Basic Rights, Adopting a Provisional Constitution, and Providing for an Orderly Transition to a Government under New Constitution."
* March 24, 1986
* Proclamation No. 3
116
# The Freedom Constitution
**Nature**: The provisional constitution was later called the ____
**Effect**: It was proclaimed to recognize the new Aquino administration as a ____ until a new constitution could be framed
* "Freedom Constitution."
* temporary revolutionary government
117
# The Freedom Constitution
**Provisions**: It basically adopted some provisions of the 1973 Constitution, especially the ____.
**Executive Powers**: Under the Freedom Constitution, the President: Continued to exercise legislative powers until a ____ was convened. Was given the power to appoint the members of a ____ tasked to draft a new charter
* Bill of Rights
* legislature
* Constitutional Commission (ConCom)
118
# The Freedom Constitution
* Who was tasked to draft a new charter that would be "truly reflective of the ideals and aspirations of the Filipino people."
* **Transition**: The new charter, the ____, was subsequently drafted and took effect, replacing the Freedom Constitution
* Constitutional Commission (ConCom)
* 1987 Constitution
119
# The 1987 Constitution
* By virtue of the 1986 Freedom Constitution, President Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No. ____ on ____, creating a Constitutional Commission (ConCom).
* On ____, President Aquino appointed ____ ConCom members representing various sectors.
* 9
* April 23, 1986
* May 26, 1986
* 50
120
# The 1987 Constitution
* The ConCom was headed by former Justice ____.
* The ConCom commenced its sessions on ____, at the Batasang Pambansa in Quezon City.
* They completed the draft on ____, and presented it to President Aquino on ____.
* Cecilia Muñoz Palma
* June 2, 1986
* October 12, 1986
* October 15
121
# The 1987 Constitution
* A nationwide information campaign and plebiscite for ratification were held on ____.
* It was overwhelmingly approved by over ____ votes.
* On ____, the New Constitution was proclaimed ratified and took effect.
* On the same day, President Aquino, government officials, and the military pledged ____ to the new Constitution
* February 2, 1987
* 17 million
* February 11, 1987
* allegiance
122
# The 1987 Constitution
* The Constitution consists of ____ with a ____
* The Philippine government is administered by a ____ system and an independent ____.
* 18 Articles with a Preamble.
* Presidential, judiciary
123
# The 1987 Constitution
* **Executive**: Headed by the ____ and ____.
**Legislative**: The bicameral Congress of the Philippines is composed of:
* A ____ (24 senators elected for ____-year terms, with half elected every three years).
* A House of Representatives/Congressmen (elected for ____-year terms and can be re-elected, but cannot serve more than ____ consecutive terms)
* President and Cabinet
* Senate, six
* three, three
124
# The 1987 Constitution
**Judicial**: Composed of the ____ (headed by the Chief Justice and ____ Associate Justices) and the lower courts. This is the Philippines' highest judicial court and court of last resort.
* Supreme Court
* 14
125
# The 1987 Constitution
**Bill of Rights (Article III):** A modified Bill of Rights emphasizing the rights of every Filipino citizen. It includes the abolition of the ____ (except when Congress provides otherwise for ____) and focuses on violations committed during the Marcos dictatorship.
* death penalty
* "heinous crimes"
126
# The 1987 Constitution
Creation of a Commission on Human Rights ____, tasked to investigate all forms of human rights violations involving civil and political rights
Article XIII, Section 18
127
# The 1987 Constitution
* **Local Autonomy**: Limited political autonomy for local government units (LGUs) and instructing Congress to establish a ____.
* **Autonomous Regions**: Recognition of an Autonomous Region of ____ and the ____.
* local government units (LGUs), Local Government Code
* Muslim Mindanao, Cordilleras
128
# The Move for a Federal Govt
**Initiation**: In ____, President Rodrigo Duterte signed an executive order creating a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution.
**Motivation**: The shift to a federal system was one of Duterte's campaign promises, aimed at addressing the problems of government during his administration, including the ____ issue.
* December 2016
* Mindanao autonomy
129
# The Move for a Federal Govt
This is a political system where a country is divided and handled by autonomous subunits (called states or local government units) under which local government units are created.
Federalism
130
# The Move for a Federal Govt
The Philippines currently uses a ____ form of government, where laws are enforced by a ____ (through the President and legislators) in spite of the country being divided into regions and local government units
* unitary
* central government
131
# The Move for a Federal Government
What were the supposed 5 states?
* Luzon
* Visayas
* Mindanao
* Bangsamoro
* Metro Manila
132
# The Move for a Federal Govt
* Each state would have a ____ assembly with legislative powers, and a premiere exercising executive powers.
* State governments would be entitled to at least ____ of the net proceeds in the utilization and development of the national wealth within their territory.
* unicameral state
* 50 percent
133
# The Move for a Federal Government
**Proposed Federal Charter Changes (Executive):** The proposed federal charter would retain the position of the ____ (Head of State) and introduce the position of a ____ (Head of Government). The President would be elected by direct vote of the people for a term of five years with one re election.
* President
* Prime Minister
134
1907: Philippine Commission passed Act No. 1688, appropriating funds for its construction
PGH
135
September 1, 1910: Opened its doors to the public.
PGH
136
September 10, 1910: Formally inaugurated, providing medical and surgical services, particularly to indigent Filipinos
PGH
137
1947: Transferred to the University of the Philippines (UP) via Executive Order No. 94, officially designating it as UP's teaching hospital.
PGH
138
1990: Opened the 8-story Central Block Building.
PGH
139
2009: Granted ISO 9001:2008 certification
PGH
140
Vision: The country's leader in transforming the lives of the people through excellent health care, education, and research, accessible to all
PGH
141
Mission: As the National University Hospital, committed to delivering globally-competitive, cost-effective, compassionate, and accessible health care to Filipinos, providing world-class education to health professionals, and generating relevant research that will impact on health policies
PGH
142
Mandate: Premier tertiary-care government hospital in the country, mandated to provide basic and specialized healthcare to the general public and serve as the teaching hospital for UP Manila's health science programs
PGH
143
Major Services: Tertiary level specialized patient care, including major surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and various subspecialties; medical, nursing, and allied health education and training; and health research
PGH
144
October 1903 Established by American Episcopalian missionaries as the Dispensary of St. Luke the Beloved Physician, a fully free outpatient clinic for the poor in Tondo, Manila
St Luke's Hospital
145
1961: Opened the current hospital facility in Quezon City.
St Luke's Hospital
146
2003:Became the first hospital in the Philippines and the second in Asia to be accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI)
St Luke's Hospital
147
2003: Opened its sister facility in Bonifacio Global City(Taguig)
St Luke's Hospital
148
Vision: A world where everyone has equal access to quality healthcare... (from its Foundation
St Luke's Hospital
149
Mission: To allow greater access to excellent healthcare and information to low-income families; to create equal opportunities for bright but underprivileged students to enter medical school; to award grants for Filipino doctors to update and upgrade their knowledge; and to provide funding for medical research. (from its Foundation)
St Luke's Hospital
150
Mandate: A non-stock, non-profit, and non-sectarian medical institution, affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the Philippines, committed to providing advanced healthcare services and medical education
St Luke's Hospital
151
Major Services: Comprehensive advanced healthcare services, specializing in heart, cancer, neurosurgery, and other complex fields. Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centers(e.g., Cancer Institute, Heart Institute). Medical and allied health education through the St. Luke's College of Medicine.
St Luke's Hospital
152
Early 1960s: Conceived by renowned Filipino doctors
Makati Medical Center
153
May 31, 1969:Formally opened its doors to the public.
Makati Medical Center
154
1997-1998:Successfully performed the country's first surgical separation of conjoined twins.
Makati medical center
155
2011:Became the first and only Philippine health institution to be certified with the 4th edition JCI accreditation
Makati medical center
156
2019: Celebrated its golden anniversary (50 years)
Makati Medical Center
157
Vision: To be the nation's most trusted, caring, and internationally-recognized healthcare institution –with top-notch service, expertise, and technology.
Makati Medical Center
158
Mission: To provide the highest quality healthcare experience for all stakeholders through competent, compassionate, collegial, and ethical medical professionals; superior service delivery enhanced by technological and digital innovations; sustained training/educational programs; and community responsive, collaborative, and socially empowering healthcare programs.
Makati medical center
159
Mandate: A leading tertiary private hospital-owned and operated by Medical Doctors Inc., committed to providing premium and personalized healthcare services. Accredited by the DOH as a Center of Excellence
Makati medical center
160
Major services: Premium and personalized tertiary healthcare, including comprehensive cancer care, cardiovascular services, neurosciences, and multi-specialty medical services. Strategic Hospital Alliance Program (SHAP)for expanding services with hospitals nationwide. Training and educational programs
Makati medical center
161
1967:First opened as the ABM Sison Hospital along San Miguel Avenue, Mandaluyong.
The Medical City
162
1975:Renamed to "The Medical City"(TMC)
The Medical City
163
1996:Opened its first outpatient clinic
TMC
164
2004:Main hospital moved to its current location along Ortigas Avenue, Pasig
Medical City
165
2007:Launched the Center for Patient Partnership, its flagship patient partnership program.
TMC
166
Early 2010s:Began aggressive expansion across the Philippines (Visayas and Mindanao) and internationally (Guam Regional Medical City)
TMC
167
Vision: To always be a leader in shaping how Filipinos think, feel, and behave about health and how health services are accessed by and delivered to them, and to use such leadership to serve equity in health, life, and development
TMC
168
Mission: The pursuit of the vision is animated by a passion to always keep the patient on center stageand deliver service of greater worth, engaging strategic partners who share the vision and passion, constantly proceeding from what they do best
TMC
169
Mandate: A private healthcare institutionthat maintains a network of hospitals and clinics in the Philippines and abroad, with a core philosophy of patient partnership
TMC
170
Major services: Multi-specialty tertiary care, Patient Partnership programs, operation of an extensive network of hospitals and clinics(e.g., TMC Ortigas, TMC Clark, TMC Iloilo), and the Guam Regional Medical City.
TMC
171
February 14, 1975: Established through Presidential Decree No. 673by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Original name was Philippine Heart Center for Asia
PHC
172
April 14, 1975:Admitted its first patient.
PHC
173
1975:Renamed to Philippine Heart Center.
PHC
174
2014:Given a Qmentum International Gold Accreditation by Accreditation Canada International
PHC
175
Vision: The PHC is the leader in upholding the highest standards of cardiovascular care, a self-reliant institution responsive to the health needs of the Filipino people
PHC
176
To provide comprehensive cardiovascular care-enhanced by education and research that is accessible to all
Mission
177
Mandate: A government corporation mandated by Presidential Decree No. 673 to operate and maintain a heart center for the public welfare, promote and engage in scientific research on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and undertake the training of various health professionals on cardiovascular care
PHC
178
Major services: Specialized treatment of heart ailments and other cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive patient care, public information, education, training, and research focused on cardiovascular health. Pioneers in complex procedures like the first successful renal transplantation and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)in the Philippines.
PHC
179
Major accreditation: ISO 9001:2015 Certified, PhilHealth Accredited (National University Hospital)
Significance: Signifies compliance with international Quality Management System standards
PGH
180
Major accreditation: Joint Commission International (JCI) Accredited(multiple times)
Significance: JCI is the global leader in health care quality; achieving this confirms world-class standards for patient safety and care
St. Luke's
181
Major accreditation: oint Commission International (JCI) Accredited(multiple times), DOH Center of Excellence
Significance: Demonstrates international quality standards and recognition by the Department of Health as a top-tier facility
Makati medical center
182
Major accreditations: Joint Commission International (JCI) Accredited(multiple consecutive times)
TMC has a long history of JCI accreditation, often receiving perfect scores in key areas, cementing its global competitiveness.
TMC
183
Major accreditation: Accreditation Canada International (ACI) Diamond Accreditation(Highest Level)
Significance: Confirms adherence to the highest international standards for quality and safety, specifically for cardiovascular care.
PHC
184
Cancer Institute, Comprehensive Adult Invasive/Non-invasive Cardiovascular Medicine Services, Sleep Laboratory, STD/AIDS Guidance Intervention Prevention (SAGIP) Unit, various Residency and Fellowship Training Programs across all medical specialties
PGH
185
Heart Institute, Cancer Institute, Institute for Neurosciences, Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Liver Disease and Transplant Center, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Center
St. Luke's
186
Center for Regenerative Medicine (CRM)(formerly Cellular Therapeutics Center), Level I Trauma Center accreditation, Strategic Hospital Alliance Program (SHAP) for partnerships with provincial hospitals
Makati medical center
187
Institutes of Cardiovascular, Cancer, and Neurosciences, Center for Patient Partnership, Guam Regional Medical City (GRMC)(international hospital under the TMC network
TMC
188
Congenital Heart Surgery Center(one of the busiest in Asia), Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, provides free medical missions(outreach programs) for heart patients nationwide
PHC
189
Principal teaching hospital of the UP College of Medicine and the entire UP Manila health sciences campus. It has a significant social service commitment through its large charity wards, providing subsidized care to millions of indigent Filipinos
PGH
190
St. Luke's College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial. Major center for residency and fellowship training. Operates the St. Luke's Medical Center Foundation for charity and medical missions
St. Luke's
191
Strong Residency and Fellowship Training Programs accredited by various specialty societies. Focuses on clinical research initiatives and has an internationally recognized Ethics Review Board (MMC-IRB Level III)
Makati medical center
192
Pioneer of the "Patient as Partner" philosophy. A major player in Medical Tourism, actively partnering with the Department of Tourism to attract international patients. It leads a national and global integrated healthcare network
TMC
193
An essential training hubfor cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, and allied professionals. It is a government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC) under the DOH, committed to making specialized heart care accessible to all Filipinosthrough government subsidy programs.
PHC
194
Money paid by a vassal to his lord in lieu of military service (knight's fee)
Scutage
195
A feudal fee paid by a tenant to his landlord
Tallage
196
A tax or tax-like fee paid to the church
Tithe
197
Enforced contribution from persons and properties levied by the lawmaking body of the state having jurisdiction of the subject of the burden to support the government
Taxation
198
It is the amount of money collected in the form of percentage based on individual income, value of the property, sales of goods and services and other related income to support the government
Taxation
199
The power of collecting ____ is vested upon the government be it local or national
taxes
200
# Principles of Taxation
1. Fiscal adequacy or the ____ principle
2. ____ in theoretical justice principle
3. Administrative ____ Principle
4. Consistency or compatibility with ____
1. Benefit
2. Equality
3. Feasibility
4. Economic Goals
201
# Characteristics of Taxation
1. Taxes are enforced ____
2. Taxes are generally payable in ____
3. Taxes are imposed on persons and ____
4. Taxes are imposed nationally through the ____
5. Taxes are imposed by the ____ branch of the government
6. Taxes are ____ in character
7. Taxes are imposed for ____ purposes
1. contribution
2. money
3. property
4. LGUs
5. legislative
6. proportionate
7. public
202
# Identify the classification of taxes
* Personal, poll or capitation
* property tax
* excise tax
As to Subject Matter or Object
203
# Identify the classification of taxes
* Proportional
* progressive or graduated
* regressive
As to graduation/rate/TS
204
# Identify the classification of taxes
* Direct
* indirect
As to who bears the burden
205
# Identify the classification of taxes
* general
* special
As to purpose
206
# Identify the classification of taxes
* Specific
* Ad valorem
As to determination of amount
207
# Identify the classification of taxes
* national
* municipal/local
As to scope
208
# Purposes of Taxation
1. To support the operations of the ____
2. To carry out the functions of the ____
3. To influence ____ performance (fiscal policy)
4. To regulate patterns of ____
5. To redistribute ____
6. To protect ____
1. government
2. government
3. macroeconomic
4. consumptions
5. wealth
6. industries
209
# Limitations of Taxation: **Constitutional Limitations**
1. Due process of ____
2. equal ____ of the laws
3. Uniformity and equity in ____
4. No imprisonment for non-payment of ____
5. Non-appropriation for ____ purposes (charities, etc.)
1. law
2. protection
3. taxation
4. poll tax
5. religious
210
# Limitations of Taxation: **Inherent Limitation**
1. Tax must be used for ____ purpose
2. Non-delegation of power to ____
3. Exemption of government agencies or ____
4. ____ Jurisdiction (privity of relationship)
5. Observance of ____ (International Comity)
6. Prohibition of ____
1. public
2. tax
3. instrumentalities
4. Territorial
5. international law
6. double taxation
211
# Sources of Taxation Laws
The Local Tax Code (PD 231)
Statutes & Presidential decrees
212
# Sources of Taxation Laws
Revenue regulations (RR)
Dept of finance (DOF) regulations
213
# Sources of Taxation Laws
The National Internal Reveneu Code of 1977 (PD 1158)
Statues & Presidential Decrees
214
# Sources of Taxation Laws
Revenue Memorandum Order (RMO)
Dept of finance (DOF) regulations
215
# Sources of Taxation Laws
The Real Property Tax Code (PD 464)
Statues & Presidential Decrees
216
# Sources of Taxation Laws
The Tax Reform Act of 1997 (RA 8424)
Statues & Presidential Decrees
217
# Sources of Taxation Laws
Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC)
Dept of finance (DOF) regulations
218
# Sources of Taxation Laws
Revenue Administrative Orders (RAO)
Dept of finance (DOF) regulations
219
# Sources of Taxation Laws
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law (RA 10963)
Statues & Presidential Decrees
220
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax Avoidance
Escapes that reduce government revenue
221
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax shifting
Escapes that retain government revenue
222
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax transformation
Escapes that retain government revenue
223
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax exemptions
Escapes that reduce government revenue
224
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax evasion
Escapes that reduce government revenue
225
# Doctrine of Escape from Taxation
Tax capitalization
Escapes that retain government revenue
226
In tithe, what percentage of your property should you give to the government?
1/10th
227
If you cannot give the required 1/10th share of your property in tithe, what is required for you to do?
Corvee
228
Form of unpaid forced labor that is intermittent in nature, lasting for limited periods of time, typically only a certain number of days' work each year
Corvée
229
Which book in the bible mentions taxation? [Proves the existence of taxation way back then]
Genesis [Genesis 47]
230
In Genesis, what percentage of your property/wealth should you give to the pharaoh? What about the rest?
* 1/5th
* 4/5th goes to yourself, family, business, etc.
231
What is the approximate percentage that the BIR gets?
More or less, 70%
232
What is the approximate percentage that the Bureau of Customs gets?
30%
233
# Classification of Taxes
* Placed amount upon all persons residing within a specific territory
* Example: residence tax (cedula)
Personal, poll, or capitation
234
# Classification of Taxes
* An example of this is the real estate tax
* Amount varies depending on the assessed value of property
Property tax
235
# Classification of Taxes
* Type of tax that does not fall under personal or property tax
* Example: Value Added Tax
Excise Tax
236
# Classification of Taxes
* Tax burden is passed unto consumer
* Not part of the business' income, but remitted to the Bureau of Internal Revenue
Value Added Tax
237
# Classification of Taxes
* Tax removed directly from, let's say, income
* Similar to excise tax
Direct
238
# Classification of Taxes
* Higher the quality, higher tax
* Example: taxes on wines
Specific
239
# Classification of Taxes
Similar to property tax where there is an assessment of value before determining the tax
Ad Valorem
240
# Classification of Taxes
Tax is proportional to income
Proportional tax
241
# Classification of Taxes
* The higher the income, the higher the tax
* The lower the income, the lower the tax
Progressive or graduated tax
242
# Classification of Taxes
* The lower the income, the higher the tax (and vice versa)
Regressive
243
# Classification of Taxes
In passing a law about taxation, if its purpose is **indicated**
special tax
244
# Classification of Taxes
In passing a law about taxation, if its purpose is **not indicated**
general tax
245
# Classification of Taxes
If the tax is collected by national government (Bureau of Customs/Internal Revenue) agency
national
246
# Classification of Taxes
If the tax is collected by LGUs
Municipal/local
247
Are government agencies and national embassies required to pay taxes?
No
248
What are the 3 sources of taxation laws?
* The Philippine Constitution (1897)
* Statues and Presidential Decrees
* Department of Finance (DOF) Regulations
249
Between tax avoidance and tax evasion, which is illegal?
Tax evasion
250
Example: Manufacturer passes tax to retail seller, then retail seller to whole seller
Tax shifting
251
Example: You sold your property to pass the property tax to the new owner
Tax transformation
252
Company invests in innovation/technology
Tax capitalization
253
254
governs the exercise by provinces, cities, municipalities, and barrios of their taxing and other revenue-raising powers in the Philippines
The Local Tax Code (PD 231)
255
This amends the National Internal Revenue Code in the Philippines, introducing changes to the tax system for domestic and foreign corporations, mutual life insurance companies, offshore banking units, and individuals, including new tax rates, exclusions, deductions, and filing requirements.
The National Internal Revenue Code of 1977 (PD 1158)
256
This establishes the Real Property Tax Code in the Philippines, ensuring fair and uniform valuation of real property for taxation purposes, while also granting powers to the Central Board of Assessment Appeals and allowing for additional taxes on idle lands and exemptions for certain properties.
The Real Property Tax Code (PD 464)
257
* This amended the National Internal Revenue Code of the Philippines provides that Filipino overseas contract workers, seamen and permanent residents abroad are exempt from paying tax for income derived outside of the Philippines starting tax year 1998.
* However, they were still required to file an Income Information Return.
The Tax Reform Act of 1997 (RA 8424)
258
* the first package of the Philippine government's Comprehensive Tax Reform Program
* Create a simpler, fairer, and more efficient tax system that aims to generate revenue for the government's infrastructure and social development programs while providing tax relief to low and middle-income earners
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law (RA 10963)
259
These are issuances signed by the Secretary of Finance, upon recommendation of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, that specify, prescribe or define rules and regulations for the effective enforcement of the provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) and related statutes.
Revenue Regulations (RRs)
260
These are issuances that provide directives or instructions; prescribe guidelines; and outline processes, operations, activities, workflows, methods and procedures necessary in the implementation of stated policies, goals, objectives, plans and programs of the Bureau in all areas of operations, except auditing.
Revenue Memorandum Orders (RMOs)
261
These are issuances that publish pertinent and applicable portions, as well as amplifications, of laws, rules, regulations and precedents issued by the BIR and other agencies/offices.
Revenue Memorandum Circulars
262
These are issuances that cover subject matters dealing strictly with the permanent administrative set-up of the Bureau, more specifically, the organizational structure, statements of functions and/or responsibilities of BIR offices, definitions and delegations of authority, staffing and personnel requirements and standards of performance.
Revenue Adminstrative Orders (ROA)
263
a historical system in which a government grants or sells the right to collect specific taxes in a particular area to a private individual or a syndicate (the "tax farmer") in exchange for a fixed, negotiated lump sum.
Tax farming
264
tax levied by a government directly on income, especially an annual tax on personal income.
income tax
265
tax levied on the profit an individual or company makes from the sale, exchange, or disposal of a capital asset
Capital gains tax
266
a direct tax levied by a government on the net income or profits of corporations and other similar legal entities
Corporations tax (corporate tax/corporate income tax)
267
Tax on sales or on the receipts from sales
sales tax
268
a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
Tariff
269
a tax on the amount by which the value of an article has been increased at each stage of its production or distribution
Value added tax
270
This applies to tangible property such as machinery, equipment, and more that contributes to income generation.
Personal property tax
271
It is a tax imposed on the execution of various transaction documents, such as deeds of sale, loan agreements, and the issuance or transfer of stocks.
Stamp duty (Documentary Stamp Tax (DST))
272
____ is a levy on the total value of a deceased person's assets before they are distributed to heirs, and it is paid by the estate itself.
Estate tax
273
An ____ is a tax on the assets received by a beneficiary, who is then responsible for paying the tax.
inheritance tax
274
* a tax levied on an individual's total net assets (market value of owned assets minus liabilities), rather than on their annual income or consumption.
* It is typically imposed annually and usually only on individuals whose net wealth exceeds a high exemption threshold
Wealth (net worth) tax
275
# Status of tax payer
used for income tax returns (e.g., single, married filing jointly), which determines tax rates, deductions, and exemptions.
filing status
276
Who is responsible for the conservation and preservation of the country’s historical legacies?
National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP)
277
What law gave NHCP the responsibility to conserve and preverse the country's historical legacies?
RA No. 10086
278
This encompasses an ambitious cultural program on historical studies, curatorial works, architectural conservation, Philippine heraldy, historical information dissemination activities, restoration and preservation of relics and memorabilia of heroes and other renowned Filipinos
NHCP
279
This also undertakes the commemoration of significant events and personages in Philippine history and safeguards the blazoning of the national government and its political divisions and instrumentalities
NHCP
280
Give 4 national museums
* National Museum of Fine Arts (Old Legislative Building)
* National Museum of Anthropology (Old Finance Building)
* National Museum of Natural History (Old Agriculture and Commerce Building)
* National Planetarium
281
What are the 3 Cities that were the earlier attempts to preserve?
* First District: Intramuros whichwas the former Walled City of Manila
* Vigan City in Ilocos
* Silay City in Negros Occidental
282
# Quincentennial Celebration: Identify the date
Commemorated the 500th anniversary of the Filipinos’ first contact with the Spaniards with the arrival of Magellan in 1521
2021
283
# Quincentennial Celebration: Identify the date
Signed EO 55 began for the preparation to start in 2019 and end in 2022
May 8, 2018
284
# Quincentennial Celebration
NHCP will lead the celebrations with the theme ____
“Victory and Humanity.”
285
# Quincentennial Celebration: 3 main events
* Introduction of ____ in the Philippines
* Our country’s role in the ____ by Magellan-Elcano Expedition
* Victory of the Filipinos led by ____
* Christianity
* first circumnavigation of the world
* Lapu-lapu
286
# National Quincentennial Commission
* Historical markers in the ____ that was in the path of the Magellan-Elcano expedition
* Each marker has a ____ on top of a finial
* Each has a ____ that depicts different events on one side and a ____ on the other side
* provinces
* pedestal with a globe
* bas relief, commemoration plaque
287
# National Quincentennial Commission
* These bas reliefs were made by Filipino sculptuors ____ and ____, and are based on sketches by Artist ____
* There are ____ markers that were placed in different provinces in the Visayas and Mindanao region
* Jonas Roces and Francis Apiles, Derrick Macutay
* 34
288
# Tangible Connection to the Past: **Physical Evidence**
* Preserved structures and sites, such as ____ in Manila or the ____ in Bulacan, offer physical proof of significant historical moments. Visiting these places provides a more immersive and contextual understanding than simply reading about them in books.
* Fort Santiago
* Biak-na Bato caves
289
# Tangible Connection to the Past: **What is this referring to?**
Many heritage structures hold a vast archive of information about a particular era. They showcase the architectural style, craftsmanship, materials, and way of life of the time they were built, offering deep insights into the nation's social and cultural evolution.
Archival value
290
# Reinforcing National Identity and Pride: **What is this referring to?**
These sites serve as powerful reminders of the country's shared heritage, values, and traditions. They celebrate the achievements, struggles, and noble deeds of heroes and other notable Filipinos, creating a collective memory for the nation.
Collective memory
291
# Reinforcing National Identity and Pride: **What is this referring to?**
Landmark structures represent the different achievements and hardships a culture has endured. Their preservation shows the country's resilience and commitment to honoring its past, and fosters pride in Filipino heritage.
Symbols of resilience
292
# Educational Resources & Public Awareness: **What's this referring to?**
Many sites are converted into museums or venues for learning. This allows students and citizens to directly interact with history through exhibits, relics, and memorabilia.
Open-air museums
293
# Educational Resources & Public Awareness: **What's this referring to?**
The NHCP organizes educational activities such as lectures, seminars, and tours at these sites. This provides a richer and more engaging way to learn about history than traditional methods
Educational Programming
294
# Educational Resources & Public Awareness: **What's this referring to?**
Experiencing a place where history was made can help people, particularly students, develop a deeper understanding of historical facts and the people involved
Contextual understanding
295
# Economic and Social Development: **What's this referring to?**
Well-preserved sites are major tourist attractions, which contribute to the country's economy through increased tourism revenue and job creation. This revenue can, in turn, help fund further conservation efforts.
Cultural Tourism
296
# Economic and Social Development: **What's this referring to?**
Historical districts attract investment and businesses, which can rvitalize neighborhoods and create a unique "sense of place." This can lead to new job opportunities, particularly for local artists and artisans.
Community revitalization
297
# Economic and Social Development: **What's this referring to?**
The conservation process, particularly when involving local governments and community members, can foster local pride and encourage active participation in protecting their own heritage.
Community empowerment
298
Built in the height of Silay as the region's cultural and economic center
Balay Negrense (Victor Fernandez Gaston Heritage House) in Silay City
299
# Balay Negrense (Victor Fernandez Gaston Heritage House) in Silay City
Victor Gaston, son of Frenchman ____ (who was considered the first to have popularized sugar cane production on a commercial level) and Prudencia Fernandez
Yves Leopold Germain Gaston
300
* Oldest bakery shop in Silay City
* Completely functional up until now
El Ideal Bakery
301
* Completed in 1908
* Mix of native and foreign designs
* follows Nipa hut design but with French inspiration (built from hard wood shipped from Mindoro, thin ceiling frame was shipped from Hamburg, Germany, and with Capiz shells and wooden leuvers)
Bernardino Lopez Jalandoni Ancestral House (Bernardino Jalandoni Museum)
302
* Center of Catholic faith in Silay City
* Only church with a dome in Negros Occidental
San Diego Pro-Cathedral
303
Only Pro-Cathedral in the Philippines outside Metro Manila
San Diego Pro-Cathedral
304
# San Diego Pro-Cathedral
____, a wealthy sugar baron, donated funds to build the church in ____ and commissioned Italian architect ____ for its Romanesque design
* Don Jose R. Ladesma
* 1925
* Lucio Bernasconi
305
Also known as the National Cultural Heritage Act
RA No. 10066
306
This law created the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property and the rules and regulations to preserve historic building that are over 50 years
National Cultural Heritage Act (RA 10066)
307
When was National Cultural Heritage Act (RA 10066) signed into law?
March 25, 2009
308
On May 8, 2018, President ____ signed the EO 55 that began the preparations for the coming 500th year anniversary (Quincentennial) of the Christianization of the Philippines
Rodrigo Duterte
309
This executive order created the National Quincentennial Commission (NCQ)
EO 55
310
This will lead the celebrations and coordinate the official commemoration programs and their related activities from different institutions, focusing on a "Filipino-centric" view of our history
National Quincentennial Commission (NCQ)
