First aid

Question 1

3 first aid aims

Answer 1

• preserve life
• prevent suffering
• prevent deterioration

Question 2

ABC’s + primary survey

Answer 2

• airway
• breathing
• circulation
• external haemorrhage
• CNS

Question 3

airway exam

Answer 3

• ensure patency
• check for obstruction
  (blood clot, swelling, hard palate split)

Question 4

breathing exam

Answer 4

• rate
• effort
• adequacy

Question 5

circulation exam

Answer 5

• MM colour
• CRT
• HR
• pulse rate/quality
• temp (rectal/extremities)

Question 6

secondary survey (ACRASHPLAN)

Answer 6

• nose to tail exam of everything
• after stabilisation of life-threatening injuries

Question 7

distal limb fracture

Answer 7

splinted bandage pre-surgery

Question 8

upper limb fracture

Answer 8

cage rest, no bandage

Question 9

best time to take swab of wound for bacterial culture

Answer 9

end of debridement, before antibiotics

Question 10

what does CPCR stand for?

Answer 10

cardio pulmonary cerebral resuscitation

Question 11

aims of CPCR

Answer 11

• perfusion of heart, lungs, brain
• ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)

Question 12

basic life support (BLS)

Answer 12

• CPCR cycle
• oxygen cycle

Question 13

advanced life support (ALS)

Answer 13

• drug therapy
• fluid therapy
• cardioversion (electric shock)

Question 14

drawer 1 in emergency crash trolley

Answer 14

• airway access
• ET tubes, ties, cuff inflator
• laryngoscope
• plain gauze swaps
• lidocaine
• urinary catheter with ET tube connector

Question 15

drawer 2 in emergency crash trolley

Answer 15

• IV + IO access
• IV catheters
• IO needle
• IV/IO connectors (aseptically primed)
• superglue
• tape
• scissors
• cut down kit
• scalpel blade, size 11

Question 16

drawer 3 in emergency crash trolley

Answer 16

• ventilation
• pediatric + adult ambu-bag with capnograph connector and flow regulator

Question 17

drawer 4 in emergency crash trolley

Answer 17

• drugs
• low dose adrenaline (1:10,000)
• high dose adrenaline (1:1000)
• atropine (0.6mg/ml)
• 50% dextrose
• propofol (10mg/ml)
• naloxone (1mg/ml)
• drug dosing charts
• ECG pads
• 0.9% NaCl (pre-drawn up 10ml syringes)

Question 18

benefits of capnography during CPCR

Answer 18

• gives eCO2 reading
• to get a reading, there must be: perfusion, gas exchange, metabolism

Question 19

cardiac compressions on small animals vs larger breeds

Answer 19

cats and small dogs= cardiac pump
medium to large breed dogs= thoracic pump

Question 20

cardiac compressions

Answer 20

• right lateral decumbency
• compressor on dorsal side of patient
• 100-120 compressions per min
• compress 50%-2/3 of width/depth of thorax
• should feel femoral pulse for each compression
• allow full elastic recoil between compressions

Question 21

cardiac pump

Answer 21

• cats and small dogs
• compression of thorax directly over heart

Question 22

thoracic pump

Answer 22

• medium to large breed dogs
• compression of widest part of thorax
• caudal thorax or over xiphysternum

Question 23

inter-thoracic cardiac compressions

Answer 23

• large breed dogs
• at thoracotomy
• when external compressions are ineffective

Question 24

IPPV

Answer 24

• intermittent positive pressure ventilation
• 20 breaths pm
• start as soon as resp arrest is suspected
• inflate thorax the normal amount for each patient

Question 25

CPCR cycle

Answer 25

- begin basic life support (ABCs) - assess for airway obstruction, intubate, ventilate if not spontaneous, assess for HR and pulse, begin chest compressions - begin advanced life support - ECG, obtain access for drug therapy

Question 25

CPCR cycle

Answer 25

- begin basic life support (ABCs) - assess for airway obstruction, intubate, ventilate if not spontaneous, assess for HR and pulse, begin chest compressions - begin advanced life support - ECG, obtain access for drug therapy