Define first aid.
First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or ill person to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and promote recovery until professional help arrives.
Identify the primary objectives of first aid (4 p’s)
Protect, Prevent, Promote, Preserve
Who can provide first aid?
Anyone as long is it with good intent
Explain the possible legal issues of providing first aid
If the patient hasn’t provided consent, if you attempt to do something you aren’t trained for
What is the correct rate of CPR compressions and ratio of compressions to rescue breaths?
100-120 Bpm, 5-6cm on adults, 30 compressions to 2 breaths
Define sports recovery.
Sports recovery is the process athletes use after exercise or competition to help the body repair, reduce fatigue, and restore performance levels.
What are the benefits of sports recovery?
• Reduces muscle soreness
• Repairs muscles faster
• Prevents injuries
• Improves future performance
• Reduces fatigue
• Helps remove waste products (e.g., lactic acid)
• Restores energy levels
• Improves focus and motivation
Explain the correct treatment management for the following injuries: b. Burn
- Stop the burning — remove source.
- Cool under cool running water for 20 minutes.
- Remove jewellery/tight clothing around the area (if not stuck).
- Cover with a non-stick sterile dressing or cling film.
- Do NOT use ice, creams, butter or pop blisters.
- Seek medical help if burn is large, deep, or on face/hands/genitals, or caused by chemicals/electricity.
- Keep the person calm and warm.
Explain the correct treatment management for the following injuries: c. Soft tissue
Acute (0–3 days): PEACE → Protect (rest 1–3 days), Elevate, Avoid NSAIDs/ice excess, Compression, Educate.
Subacute & rehab: LOVE → early Load (pain-guided), Optimism, Vascularisation (aerobic exercise), progressive Exercise.
Ice optional for pain only; avoid prolonged rest or anti-inflammatories.
Explain the correct treatment management for the following injuries: d. Snake bite
Immobilise limb apply snake bandage ensuring bandage is very tight so venom doesn’t spread further throughout the body
Explain the correct treatment management for the following injuries: e. Dislocation
Immobilise limb and call for someone qualified to relocate dislocation
Explain the correct treatment management for the following injuries: f. Concussion
Remove person from what ever the are doing and ensure they rest and maintain hydration and if becomes more severe call professionals
Explain the difference between a sprain and strain.
Sprain is to a ligament and a strain is to a muscle or tendon
Recall the following acronyms and explain when they would be used: a. RICER
Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate, Reassess. Used when someone experiences an injury such as a sprained ankle
Recall the following acronyms and explain when they would be used: b. SALTAPS
Stop what’s happening, Ask what happened, Look at injured area, Touch area with light pressure asking whether it hurts, Active movement ask patient to try to reach a full range of motion with injured area, Passive movement assist patient in reaching full range of motion, Strength test ask patient to push against your hand
Recall the following acronyms and explain when they would be used: C. CPR
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation when a patient has no pulse and isn’t breathing
Recall the following acronyms and explain when they would be used: d. DRSABCD
Danger check for nearby threats, Response check if patient is responsive, Send for help call 000, Airway check if airway is clear by opening up mouth and checking throat, Breathing check if patient is breathing by looking to see if chest is rising up and down and if you can feel air coming from patients mouth/nose, Compressions begin CPR following 30 compressions to 2 breaths, Defibrillator begin using ad AED following instructions provided
Recall the following acronyms and explain when they would be used: e. AED
Automated, External, Defibrillator to be used when patient is responding to CPR.
