First Nations

Question 1

What can we do to prevent and treat tobacco misuse?5 A’s

Answer 1

5 A’s
Ask: about tobacco use and 2nd hand exposure
Advise: to quit
Assess: willingness to quit
Assist: with counseling, pharmacotherapy, and local support resources
Arrange: Follow-up

Question 2

what are some of the health tolls of tobacco use on children/infants?

Answer 2

1. More respiratory illnesses
2. AOM/hearing loss
3. SIDS
4. cancer
5. neurocognitive deficits
6. behaviour problems
7. Higher rates of invasive meningococcal disease!

Question 3

Who should get nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs)

Answer 3

recommended only for regular smokers

Question 4

what are some scabies control measures?

Answer 4

Treat all household members and close contacts (at the same time)
All bed linen and clothing worn next to the skin should be laundered using a hot cycle wash and a hot drying cycle or seal in bags for 5-7 days.
Children may return to child care or school the day after completing their initial treatment series.
improve living conditions

Question 5

what is first line treatment for scabies?

Answer 5

5% permethrin (neck to toes; for infants to face as well)

repeat 1 week later

Question 6

who is at higher risk for scabies?

Answer 6

individuals who live in poverty or overcrowded conditions

* linked with substandard living conditions

Question 7

what are 3 ways to make a definitive diagnosis of scabies

Answer 7

skin scraping
a burrow ink test
dermatoscopy (direct visualization of magnified skin)

Question 8

What is the leading cause of death in Canadian Indigenous children and youth?

Answer 8

Unintentional injuries

three to four times the national average in indigenous children

Question 9

what are the main three causes of unintentional injuries in Canadian Indigenous children

Answer 9

1. MVA
2. Fires
3. Drowning

Question 10

What are the 6 E’s for injury prevention

Answer 10

1. Education
2. Empowerment
3. Enabling
4. Engineering
5. Enforcement
6. Employment

Question 11

What are some risk factors for CA-MRSA outbreaks (7)

Answer 11

1. over crowding
2. frequent skin to skin contact between people
3. sharing of potentially contaminated personal items
4. poor hygiene
5. participation in activities that result in abraded or compromised skin surfaces
6. limited access to health care
7. exposure to antibiotics

Question 12

what is the treatment for abscesses due to MRSA

Answer 12

incision and drainage

Question 13

what is the treatment for MRSA infected scratches, furuncles, impetigo

Answer 13

wet, warm compresses
wash with warm water and soap
consider topical antibiotics

Question 14

MRSA types most frequently associated with community infections in Canada?

Answer 14

CMRSA10 and CMRSA7

Question 15

what are 4 strategies to manage MRSA

Answer 15

1. Cover wounds
2. hand hygiene
3. regular bathing
4. avoid sharing personal items

Question 16

what are early childhood caries?

Answer 16

tooth decay involving any primary tooth in a child younger than six years of age

Question 17

what is the most common bug to cause early childhood caries?

Answer 17

Streptococcus mutans

Question 18

what is the most prevalent paediatric infectious disease and the most common chronic disease of children

Answer 18

early childhood caries

Question 19

what is the single greatest risk factor for early childhood caries?

Answer 19

poverty

Question 20

what are some prevention strategies for early childhood caries

Answer 20

1. oral health promotion
2. regular dental vists
3. fluoride- BID age 2-5, start at first tooth eruption for ingenious children
4. sealants
5. Provide women with preconception and prenatal screening for oral health, anticipatory guidance for oral health and hygiene

Question 21

what are 3 categories of commonly used inhalants

Answer 21

1. Aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons- ex: hairspray
2. Nitrous oxide- balloon tanks
3. Volatile alkyl nitrities- room odourizes

Question 22

what is the CRAFT screening tool

Answer 22

C- car
R- relax
A- alone
F- forget
T- trouble

C- Have you ever ridden in a Car driven by someone (including yourself) who was “high” or had been using alcohol or drugs?
R- Do you ever use alcohol or drugs to Relax, feel better about yourself, or fit in?
A- Do you ever use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself or, Alone?
F- Do you ever Forget things you did while using alcohol or drugs?
F- Do your Family members or Friends ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking or drug use?
T- Have you ever gotten into Trouble while you were using alcohol or drugs?

Two or more “yes” answers indicate a potential substance abuse problem and the need for further assessment.

Question 23

what is the storage form of vitamin D

Answer 23

25 OH vit D

Question 24

what is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 24

1, 25 (OH)2 vit D

Question 25

what level of 25 OH vit D is considered deficient? insufficient? optimal? toxic?

Answer 25

``` <25= deficient 25-75= insufficient 75-225= optimal >500nmol= toxic ```

Question 26

all exclusively breastfed, healthy, term infants in Canada should receive how much vitamin D? preterm infants?

Answer 26

term: 400IU daily preterm: 200-400IU daily

Question 27

The Canadian Paediatric Society advocates an increase of vitamin intake to ?? for northern Native communities during the winter months

Answer 27

800 IU/day from Oct – April if north of 55th parallel (Edmonton)