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FLAGELLATES Flashcards

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1
Q

whip-like locomotory organelle called

A

flagella

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2
Q

Motor component

A

: flagella and axonemes

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3
Q

Neuromotor apparatus

A

kinetoplast w/c consists of blepharoplast and parabasal body

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4
Q

Giardia intestinalis disease

A

Giardiasis, Traveler’s diarrhea, Gay bowel syndrome

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5
Q

This protozoan is also known as

A

G. lamblia

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6
Q

Discovered in 1681 by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek in his own stools

A

Giardia intestinalis

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7
Q

described by Lambl in 1859 who called it what?

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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8
Q

How many nuclei does cyst of giardia intestinalis have?

A

2-4 nuclei

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9
Q

two longitudinal fibrils in the center and Football-shaped

A

Cyst if Giardia intestinalis

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10
Q

Pear shaped trophozoite

A

Giardia intestinalis

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11
Q

How many nuclei does trophozoite of Giardia have?

A

2 nuclei, each w/ a large karyosome, lying w/in the sucking disk

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12
Q

Has falling leaf motility

A

Giardia intestinalis

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13
Q

Old man’s face/old man w/ eyeglasses

A

Trophozoite of Giardia intestinalis

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14
Q

Infective stage of Giardia intestinalis

A

Mature cysts

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15
Q

Characterized by mild diarrhea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, and flatulence to tenderness of the epigastric region, steatorrhea, and malabsorption syndrome

A

Giardiasis (Traveler’s Diarrhea)

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16
Q

Sexual transmission of protozoal and helminthic
diseases by orogenital or oroanal routes.

A

Gay Bowel Syndrome

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17
Q

Duodenal contents can identify G. intestinalis using

A

using the string test, also known as Enterotest.

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18
Q

primary choice of treatments for G. intestinalis infections

A

metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax) and nitazoxanide (Alinia).

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19
Q

Common associated disease for D. fragilis

A

Dientamoeba fragilis infection

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20
Q

Initially classified as an ameba

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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21
Q

Irregular and roundish in shape

A

Trophozoite of Dientamoeba fragilis

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22
Q

How many nuclei does D. fragilis have and consist of how many chromatin granules

A

2 nuclei with 4-8 chromatin granules

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23
Q

What does the trophozoite’s cytoplasm of D. fragilis consist of?

A

Vacuoles containing bacteria

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24
Q

Other documented symptoms that may occur
include bloody or mucoid stools, flatulence,
nausea or vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue or
weakness

A

D. fragilis infection

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25
.The treatment of choice for D. fragilis infection
iodoquinol
26
alternative treatment for D. fragilis
Tetracycline
27
What are non pathogenic species
Trichomonas hominis and Chilomastix mesnili
28
Has five anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane
Trichomonas hominis
29
How many nuclei does Trichomonas hominis
1
30
Pear-shaped Spiral groove curving across the body Spiral boring, jerky movement 3 anterior flagella and 1 w/in the cytostome
Trophozoite of Chilosmatix mesnili
31
Lemon to oval-shaped Protrusion at end Nipple-like cyst
Cyst of Chilomastix mesnili
32
Common associated disease and condition names for Trichomonas vaginalis
Persistent urethritis, persistent vaginitis, infant Trichomonas vaginalis infection, Pingpong disease.
33
Resides in the genitalia
Trichomonas vaginalis
34
Infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoites
35
Single prominent nucleus Flagella: Three to five anterior and one posterior Large axostyle with cytoplasmic granules Inclusion bodies: Siderophil granules Rapid jerky motility
Trophpzoite of T. vaginalis
36
Strawberry cervix
Pingpong's disease
37
T. vaginalis trophozoites migrating from an infected mother to the infant through the birth canal and/ or during vaginal delivery.
Infant Infections
38
Medium used for culture in diagnosing T. vaginalis
Diamond’s modified medium, and Feinberg and Whittington culture medium.
39
Specimen of choice in T. vaginalis
Urine, Vaginal swab/discharge (female), Prostatic secretion (male)
40
Resides in the oral cavity. Pyriform in shape and measures 7 to 13 μm. Has five anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane.
Trichomonas tenax
41
Where do hemoflagellates inhabit?
Blood and tissues of humans
42
MOT of Hemofllagelates is through?
Arthropod bites
43
Four stages of development
amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, and trypomastigote
44
Non-motile, intracellular replicative form that is absent in Trypanosoma spp.
Amastigote
45
flagellated form with no undulating membrane present in Leishmania
Promastigote
46
Short undulating membrane that is present in Trypanosomes but absent in Lesihmania
Epimastigote
47
Full undulating membrane
Trypanomastigote
48
American trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease.
Trypanosoma cruzi
49
Vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi
Triatomid bugs Kissing bugs Reduviid bugs Assasin bugs Cone nose bugs Triatoma rubrofasciata = Philippines
50
Habitat of Trypanosoma cruzi
RES, Cardiac muscle and CNS
51
Exhibits all four stages of development
Trypanosoma cruzi
52
Development of an erythematous nodule, known as a chagoma, at the site of infection.
Chaga's disease (acute)
53
present in patients who contract T. cruzi through the ocular mucosa.
Romaña’s sign
54
Destruction of multiple tissues results in patients who present with myocarditis, enlargement of the colon and esophagus, cardiomegaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. CNS involvement Death
Chaga's Disease (chronic)
55
East africa
Trypanosoma brucei subspp. rhodesiense
56
West africa
Trypanosoma brucei subspp. gambiense
57
T. brucei gambiense is transmitted by
Glossina (tsetse flies)
58
Virulent form of trypanosomiasis transmitted by Glossina
T. brucei rhodesiense
59
Development of a painful chancre (ulcer), surrounded by a white halo at the bite site. Fever, malaise, headache, generalized weakness, and anorexia.
West African (Gambian) Sleeping Sickness
60
enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes
Winterbottom’s sign
61
a delayed sensation to pain
Kerandel’s sign
62
excessive sleepiness
somnolence
63
Fever, myalgia, and rigors. Winterbottom’s sign may or may not be present. Lymphadenopathy is absent. Rapid weight loss is common and the CNS becomes involved early in the disease course. Death caused by subsequent kidney damage (glomerulonephritis) and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), usually occurs within 9 to 12 months in untreated patients.
East African (Rhodesian) Sleeping Sickness
64
Specimen of choice in febrile stage
blood and lymph node aspirate
65
Specimen of choice in sleeping sickness stage
Cerebrospinal fluid
66
four major species of Leishmania
L. tropica, L braziliensis, L. mexicana, L. donovani
67
Lesihmania spp. are transmitted by?
Sandfly or Phlebotomus spp.
68
Old World leishmaniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, Oriental sore
L. tropica
69
New World leishmaniasis or cutaneous leishmaniasis
L. mexicana
70
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or espundia
L. braziliensis
71
Kala-Azar or visceral leishmaniasis
L. donovani
72
Infective stage of Leishmania spp.
Promastigotes
73
most common form of the disease, and is caused by several species of Leishmania
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
74
An erythematous papule or nodule, called an?
oriental button
75
Also called anergic or lepromatous leishmaniasis. Characterized by a localized, non-ulcerating papule, eventually developing numerous diffuse satellite lesions that affect the face and extremities.
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
76
Involvement of the mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities results in nasal stuffiness, discharge, epistaxis, and destruction of the nasal septum
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
77
Often called espundia
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
78
Other name is Kala azar
Visceral Leishmaniasis
79
Spread of parasites into the bone marrow, spleen, and liver
Visceral Leishmaniasis
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