Flexibility

Question 1

What are the main types of flexibility?

Answer 1

1. Static flexibility, e.g. hamstring stretch, there are 2 types
   - Static active flexibility, performer completes a voluntary contraction to move a joint just beyond its range of movement
   - Static passive flexibility, assistance from partner to move the joint beyond its range of movement
2. Dynamic flexibility, e.g. a gymnast performing a straddle vault.

Question 2

Which factors affect flexibility?

Answer 2

1. Type of joint
2. Length and elasticity of surrounding connective tissue
3. Gender
4. Age.

Question 3

How does the type of joint affect elasticity, why?

Answer 3

1. Ball and socket joint has a greater range of movement (ROM) than a condyloid joint

Because…
2. The size and shape of joints and their articulating bones can aid and limit ROM, presence of bony features such as processes will limit movement.

Question 4

How does the length and elasticity of surrounding connective tissue affect elasticity, why?

Answer 4

1. The greater the length and elasticity of surrounding muscles, tendons and ligaments, the greater the ROM

Because…
2. The greater the length, the greater the distance before the stretch reflex is inhibited, allowing further ROM, the greater the elasticity, the greater the ROM possible.

Question 5

How does the gender affect elasticity, why?

Answer 5

1. Females are more flexible than males

Because…
2. Females have higher levels of the hormones oestrogen and relaxin.

Question 6

How does the age affect elasticity, why?

Answer 6

1. Flexibility is greatest in childhood and declines with age

Because…
2. Age-related decline is due to loss of elasticity in connective tissues.

Question 7

How is flexibility measured?

Answer 7

1. Goniometry test

2. Sit and reach test.

Question 8

What is the goniometry test, advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 8

1. Goniometry test, a 360-degree protractor where difference in starting angle and full range of motion is calculated
2. Advantages
   - Valid and accurate
   - Any joint can be measured
   - Can be sport specific
3. Disadvantages
   - Difficult to locate axis of rotation
   - Training is required for accurate measure.

Question 9

What is the sit and reach test, advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 9

1. Sit and reach test, test box placed against wall, straight legs at full stretch, best score is recorded
2. Advantages
   - Easy
   - Cheap, accessible equipment
   - Standardised data store
3. Disadvantages
   - Measures flexibility in lower back and hamstrings only
   - Not sport specific
   - Need to warm up and hold position for 2 seconds.

Question 10

DEfinition of static/dynamic?!?!

Answer 10

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