FLIES

Question 1

What are the two main suborders of flies?

Answer 1

Brachycera and nematocera

Question 2

What suborder does a mosquito belong to?

Answer 2

Nematocera

Question 3

What family do mosquitoes belong to?

Answer 3

Culicidae

Question 4

Discuss simuliidae

Answer 4

• Black flies
• Eggs/ larvae live in fast flowing oxygenated water
• CAUSE SWEET ITCH

Question 5

Discuss psychodidae

Answer 5

• Sand flies
• Cause LEISHMANIA
• Eggs laid on the ground

Question 6

Discuss certatopognidae

Answer 6

• Biting midges
• CAUSE SWEET ITCH
• Live in semi aquatic/ aquatic areas
• Cause skin allergies
• Transmit bluetongue and schmallenberg

Question 7

Discuss Culicidae

Answer 7

• 2 main groups Anophelin and culicine
• Breed in aquatic areas
• Larvae live in still water
• Culicine larvae hang down into the water and anopheline larvae lie flat on the water
• TRANSMIT: Malaria, Dirofilaria immitis, west nile virus

Question 8

Describe the transmission of malaria

Answer 8

• The sporozoites in the salivary gland of the mosquito enter the mammal when mosquito take a blood meal.
• Sporozoites enter the liver of the mammal and become meterozoites
• Meterozoites travel to erythrocytes (Red blood cells) and start asexual reproduction
• A mosquito ingests the gameotcytes and cycle begins again

Question 9

Describe the transmission of dirofilarial immitis

Answer 9

• Infected mosquito bites and L3 enter the wound
• Adult heartworms in the PA produce microfilariae
• Microfilariae in the blood are ingested by mosquito
• Microfilariae travel to mosquitoes malphagian tubules where they develop to L3
• L3 travel to mosquito proboscis

Question 10

Give an example of an arbovirus

Answer 10

-West nile virus

Question 11

Describe flies from the family Tabanidae

Answer 11

• Horseflies/ deer flies
• Big, bitey flies
• Large saw like mouthparts= painful bite
• Spread Haematopota pulvalis

Question 12

Describe flies from the family Hopposcidae

Answer 12

• Keds/ louse flies
• BOTH males and females feed on blood- OBLIGATE ectoparasites
• Sheep ked= Melophagus ovis, transitted through direct contact
• Horse ked= Hippoboscis equina

Question 13

Describe flies from the genus Glossina

Answer 13

• Tsetse flies

- Vectors of sleeping sicknes (T. brucei)

Question 14

Which flies are responsible for myiasis ?

Answer 14

-House flies, blow flies, bot/ warble flies

Question 15

Describe the horse bot

Answer 15

• Gasterophilus
• G intestinalis lays eggs around knees
• G nasalis lays eggs under the jaw
• G haemorrhoidallis lays eggs around the lips
• Larvae are ingested and bind to the non glandular/ glandular border of the stomach.

Question 16

Describe sheep nasal bot

Answer 16

• Oestrus ovis
• Larvae cause a heavy discharge and thickening of the nasal mucosa which impairs respiration
• If larvae get stuck in the sinuses can cause septic sinusitis OR can even sometimes travel to brain

Question 17

Describe infections from the flies of the genus Hypoderma

Answer 17

• Heel flies, warble flies, cattle grubs
• Larvae create breathing holes in the hide
• Females cause gadding= frightened adult cattle try to run away from the sound of the fly

Question 18

Describe flystrike

Answer 18

• Adult flies are attracted to a wound or skein lesion or soiled hair and lay there eggs there.
• Can cause the animal to die

Question 19

What fly is primarily responsible for flystrike in the UK?

Answer 19

Blow/ bottle flies (calliphoridae)

Question 20

What increases the risks of flystrike in rabbits?

Answer 20

• Incorrect diets= leading to too many ceocotrophs
• dirty litter/ bedding
• Not able to groom properly

Question 21

Which species of fly causes rapid and sever myiasis in livestock?

Answer 21

Flesh flies-( Sarcophagidea)

Question 22

Which flies are under the genus Oestridae?

Answer 22

-Bot and warble flies

Question 23

Which genus do blow flies belong to?

Answer 23

Caliphoridae

Question 24

Which genus do keds belong to?

Answer 24

Hippoboscidae

Question 25

Which flies belong to the Tabanidae genus?

Answer 25

Horse flies

Question 26

Which flies fall into the Muscidae genus?

Answer 26

House flies/ stable flies

Question 27

What is the proper name for sheep head fly?

Answer 27

-Hydrotaea irritans- they feed on the secretions from the eyes and nose and debrise at base f horn/