1
Q
Boyle’s Law
A
- Boyle’s = Balloon = Barotrauma
- The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant temperature.
- P1V1 = P2V2
- Affects ETT cuffs, MAST, air splints, increases drip rate
- If pneumocephalus - ICP increase
2
Q
Dalton’s Law
A
- “Dalton’s Gang”
- Law of partial pressures
- The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases of the mixture.
- PT = P1 + P2 + P3 ….
- Responsible for soft tissue swelling at altitude - uptake of inert gases into tissue
3
Q
Charles’ Law
A
- “Charging Charles”
- At a constant pressure, the volume of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
- V1/T1 = V2/T2
- Law has very little effect on the human body
4
Q
Gay-Lussac’s Law
A
- Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure
- P1/T1 = P2/T2
- Ex. - Oxygen tank left in the cold will have a lower pressure
5
Q
Graham’s Law
A
- “Graham’s = Grey Matter”
- Law of Gaseous Diffusion - gas exchange at the cellular level
- The rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid medium is directly related to the solubility of the gas and inversely proportional to the square root of its density
- Limits ability to move through liquid
6
Q
Henry’s Law
A
- “Henry = Heineken”
- Solubility of gas in liquid
- The quantity of gas dissolved in 1mL of a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid
- Affects divers, can lead to decompression sickness
7
Q
Decompression Sickness
A
- “The Bends”
- Related to Henry’s Law
- Type 1 - Nitrogen related, painful joints, motled skin, pruritic
- Type 2 - neurologic S/Sx, hypvolemic shock
8
Q
Cutis Marmorata
A
Mottled skin, can often look like a sunburn, associated with Type 1 decomrpession sickness
9
Q
Arterial Gas Embolism
A
- Related to Boyle’s Law
- Caused breath holding during ascent on a dive, air pushes through alveoli and enters skin in neck/chest - causes PTX
- Air is forced into blood vessels - blocks them - ischemia
- Stroke-Like symptoms, cough, epistaxis
- Requires immediate hyperbaric treatment
10
Q
Pulmonary Overpressurization
A
- Related to Boyle’s Law
- Occurs when “breath holding” compressed air during ascent
- Causes lung overexpansion - alveolar damage, PTX, mediastinal emphysema
11
Q
Atmosphere Calculation
A
- Every 33 feet below water = 1atm
- Sea Level = 1atm
12
Q
Divers Alert Network
A
24 hour hotline for diving related injuries and questions.
13
Q
Physiologic Zone
A
- Sea level to 10,000 feet MSL
- Night vision decreased beginning at 5,000 feet MSL
14
Q
Physiologically Deficient Zone
A
- 10k to 50k feet MSL
- Oxygen or pressurization required
- If sudden decompression occurs, time of useful consciousness (TUC) is cut in half
- Signs of Decompression - cool temp in cabin, window fogging
15
Q
Sqace Equivalent Zone
A
> 50,000 feet MSL
16
Q
Oxygen Adjustment Calculation
A
(FiO2P1)/P2 = FiO2 required for ascent
P1 = pressure you are at
P2 - pressure you are flying to (cruising altitude)
17
Q
Hypemic Hypoxia
A
- “Anemic”
- Reduction in the oxygen carrying capcity of blood
- Anemia or hemorrhage
18
Q
Histotoxic Hypoxia
A
- “Poisoning”
- Limits use of availble oxygen due to poisoning of the cytochrome oxidase system
- Cyanide, alcohol, CO, NTG, Nipride
19
Q
Hypoxic Hypoxia
A
- “Not enough oxygen in the air”
- Decreased pressure of oxygen at altitude
- Deficiency in alveolar oxygen exchange
- Cardiovascular/PTX patients are more susceptible
20
Q
Stagnant Hypoxia
A
- “Blood isn’t moving”
- Reduced CO or pulling of blood
- High G forces, cardiogenic shock
21
Q
Hypoxia Stages “ICDC”
A
- Indifferent - full reasoning ability, loss of night vision
- Compensatory - Increased HR, ventilations, slowed judgment
- Disturbance - slurred speech, “drunk”
- Critical - no longer able to physiologically function
22
Q
DEATH Mnemonic
A
- Dehydration
- Exhaustion
- Alcohol
- Tobacco
- Hypoglycemia
23
Q
Inherent Stressors of Flight
A
Thermal Changes
Decreased Humidity
Gravitational Forces
Fatigude
Decreased PO2
Barometric Pressure Change
Noise
Vibration
24
Q
G-Forces
A
Gx - anterior/posterior, best tolerated
Gz - vertical
Gy - Lateral, least tolerated
Cause BP to drop
25
Altitude Temperature Effects
* Every 1,000ft increase in elevation causes temp. drop 2 degrees C
* Temp. inversely proportional to altitude
26
Barondontalgia
* Teeth
* Occurs on ascent
* Air trapped in fillings expands due to Boyles law
* Also referred to as "aerodontalgia"
27
Barotitis
* Ears
* Occurs on descent
* Air trapped in the middle ear can't vent through the bloded Eustachian Tube
* "Ear Block"
28
Barosinusitis
* Sinuses
* Can occur on both ascent and descent
* Can also cause pain in the maillary teeth
* Sinus block
CCP-C/FP-C Certification Review
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
-
Advanced Airway Principles21
-
Ventilator Management47
-
Critical Care Cardiology60
-
Hemodynamic Monitoring24
-
Obstetrical Emergencies0
-
Neonatal Emergencies20
-
Pediatric Emergencies0
-
Neurological Emergencies0
-
Lab Studies19
-
Medical Emergencies0
-
Environmental/Toxicology0
-
Burns18
-
Trauma14
-
Flight Physiology28
-
Safety/CAMTS26
