Maneuvering during slow flight
accomplished at an entry altitude that will allow completion above 1,500’ AGL.
maintain an airspeed, 5-10 knots above the 1G stall speed, .
1. Perform two 90° clearing turns
2. 1500 RPM (maintain altitude)
3. Landing configuration flow
4. Maintain altitude - slow to 5-10 knots above 1G stall speed (approximately 45-50 KIAS). Avoid stall warning activation.
5. Power as required to maintain airspeed
6. Accomplish level flight, climbs, turns, and descents as required ATP - max 30 bank
7. Recover - max power/maintain altitude/reduce flaps. Above Vx, retract flaps to 0°
8. Roll out 1/2 Bank angle prior to entry heading
9. “Cruise Checklist.”
Steep turns
accomplished above 3,000’ AGL. Roll into and out of turns at approximately the same rate.
1: Perform two 90° clearing turns
2. 90 KIAS (2000 RPM) maintain altitude
3. Cruise configuration flow
4. Perform a 360 turn with 45” of bank
5. Maintain altitude and airspeed (+ back pressure, + approx. 1-200 RPM)
6. Roll out ½ bank angle prior to entry heading
7. Clear traffic and perform a 360° turn with 45° of bank in the opposite direction
8. Roll out 1/2 bank angle prior to entry heading
9. “Cruise Checklist”
Power off stalls
Entry altitude that will allow completion no lower than 1,500’ AGL.
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- 1500 RPM (maintain altitude)
- Landing configuration flow
- Stabilized descent at 65 KIAS
- Throttle idle (slowly)
- Wings level or up to 20° bank as assigned 7. Maintain altitude to induce stall
- Recover - simultaneously reduce AOA, max power, and level wings
- Retract flaps to 20° (immediately)
- Retract flaps to 10” when airspeed is greater than 55 KIAS
- Increase pitch to arrest descent
- Establish Vx or Vy as appropriate
- Retract flaps to 0° when accelerating through Vx 14. “Cruise Checklist.” Bank PRACTICAL
Power on stalls
Stalls are to be accomplished at an entry altitude that will allow completion no lower than 1,500’ AGL.
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- 1500 RPM (maintain altitude)
- Clean configuration flow
- At 60 KIAS, simultaneously increase pitch (slowly) and apply full power
- Increase pitch attitude to induce stall
- At stall/buffet (as required) recover simultaneously reduce AOA, max power, and level wings
- “Cruise Checklist”
Emergency Descent
Situations requiring an emergency descent, such as cockpit smoke and/or fire. Situational awareness, appropriate division of attention, and positive load factors should be maintained during the maneuver and descent.
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- Clean configuration flow
- Reduce throttle to idle
- Initiate turning descent, while clearing for traffie 5. Maintain (training) 120 KIAS
- Notify ATC/Traffic as appropriate Chandelles
Chandelles
Allow completion no lower than 1,500’ AĞL, and consist of one maximum performance climbing turn beginning from straight-and-level flight, and ending at the completion of a precise 180 turn in a wings level, nose-high attitude at the minimum controllable airspeed.
- Perform two 90” clearing turns
- 100 KIAS (2200 RPM) maintain altitude
- Clean configuration flow
- Choose a reference point off wing
- Establish / maintain 30° bank
- Full Throttle - Increase pitch to attain approx, 10-12° pitch up at 90° point ist 90” of turn, Bank = constant 30’, Pitch = increasing to 10-12 pitch up
- 90° point maintain pitch reduce bank angle to attain level flight at 180 point
2nd 90 of turn, Pitch = constant 10-12 pitch up, Bank = decreasing to level flight - 180° point - wings level - minimum controllable airspeed
- Accelerate whlle maintaining level flight
- “Cruise Checklist”
Lazy eights
altitude completed no lower than 1,500’ AGL. The applicant is required to maintain coordinated flight throughout the maneuver, with a constant change of pitch and roll ráte.
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- 100 KIAS (2200 RPM) maintain altitude
- Clean configuration flow
- Choose a reference point off of the wing
- Simultaneously increase pitch and bank (slowly) 6. 45° point 15° pitch up and 15* bank
- Reduce pitch / increase bank
- 90° point - level pitch 30° bank min. speed (5-10 knots above stall)
- Continue reducing pitch and reduce bank
- 135° point 15° pitch down - 15° bank
- 180° point - level flight entry airspeed and altitude
- Repeat in opposite direction
- “Cruise Checklist”
Eights on Pylons
Eights on Pylons are to be accomplished at the appropriate pivotal altitude (groundspeed:/11.3), governed by the aircraft’s groundspeed. The applicant is required to maintain coordinated flight while flying a figure eight pattern which holds the selected pylons using the appropriate pivotal altitude. At the steepest point, the angle of bank should be approximately 30-40”,
- Enter pivotal altitude (approximately 900’ AGL at 100 KIAS - 2200 RPM)
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- Clean configuration flow
- Select two pylons to allow for minimal time spent wings level between the two
- Enter maneuver on a 45° midpoint downwind
- Apply appropriate pitch corrections to compensate for changes in groundspeed and;
- To maintain line of sight reference with the pylon (pitch forward if point moves toward nose and pitch back if point moves toward tail)
- Begin rollout to allow the airplane to proceed diagonally between the pylons at a 45” angle
- Begin second turn in the opposite direction of the first
- Exit maneuver on entry heading
- “Cruise Checklist”
Steep spirals
- Altitude - at least 3,000’ AGL
- Perform two 90” clearing turns
- 80 KIAS (1700 RPM) maintain altitude
- Clean configuration flow
- Choose visual reference point
- Reduce throttle to idle
- Track at least three constant radius circles around reference point
- Airspeed constant
- Bank angle - adjust for winds- not to exceed 60° 10. Clear engine once every 360° turn
- Recover roll out on specified heading (visual reference)
- Adjust DG/HSI to compass
- “Cruise Checklist”
Accelerated Stall
Altitude that allows completion no lower 3,000 feet AGL A smooth transition should be made from cruise attitude to a bank angle of 45, maintaining coordinated turning flight, while increasing elevator back pressure steadily to induce the stall.
- Perform two 90° clearing turns
- Slow to approximately 80 KIAS (during clearing turns)
- Clean configuration flow
- Establish a coordinated 45° bank turn
- Slowly reduce power to idle
- Maintain altitude to induce stall
- Recover at the onset (buffeting) stall condition
- Simultaneously reduce AOA, max power, and level wings
- “Cruise Checklist”
Clean Configuration Flow
- Fuel Selector Both
- Mixture Enrichen
- Flaps 0 degrees
Landing Configuration Flow
- Fuel Selector both
- Mixture enrichen
- Carburetor heat on ( if equipped)
- Flaps Full
Cruise Checklist
Power 75 percent Eng. Instruments Check Landing light - on local/off cross country Mixture Lean as req. Mag compass / HI check
After Takeoff
Airspeed Vy/ Vx
Flaps up
throttle full
mixture full rich below 3000
Before landing checklist
Fuel selector’s both
mixture forward
Engine failure during flight
Airspeed best glide not wind direction and speed, pick and fly Towards landing site flaps up mixture rich fuel selector valve both fuel shut off valve pushed in/on auxiliary pump switch on Magnetos check all if prop not windmilling ignition switch start magnetos check all
Precautionary landing with engine power
Landing area select and inspect radio and electrical switches off on final approach flaps 30° recommended/ as required master switch off doors prior to touchdown unlatch ignition switch off brakes apply heavily
Emergency landing no engine power
Landing area select and inspect airspeed best glide radio and electrical switches off mixture cut off fuel shut off valve pull out/off ignition switch off flaps 30° recommended as required master switch off doors prior to touchdown unlatch brakes apply heavily
Cabin fire
Master switch off Vents cabin heat and air closed fire extinguisher activate when Fire is out cabin ventilate land as soon as possible
Spin recovery
Throttle immediately closed ailerons neutral Rudder full opposite rotation elevator control briskly forward past Center Once rotation stops Rudder neutralize slowly recover from Dive went straight and level throttle full
Wing fire
Landing/taxi light switch is off NAV light switch off strobe light switch off Pinto heat switch off perform a slide slip to keep the flames away from the fuel tank/cabin land as soon as possible using flaps only as required for final approach and touchdown
Electrical fire
Master switch off all electrical switches off Vents, cabin heating and air closed fire extinguisher activate when FIRE is out cabin ventilate if fire appears out an electrical power required master switch on circuit breakers do not reset but check master avionics switch on radios one at a time with delay after each one land as soon as possible
Engine fire in flight
Mixture idol cut off fuel shut off valve off auxiliary fuel pump switch off master switch off cabin heat and air off airspeed increase as required to extinguish the fire execute forced landing
Engine fire during start
Continue cranking to get the engine started which would suck the flames and accumulated fuel into the engine if engine starts power 1700 RPM for a few minutes engine shut down if engine fails to start throttle full open mixture idle cut off cranking continue fuel shut off valve off auxiliary fuel pump off fire extinguisher obtain master switch off ignition switch off evacuate aircraft and secure fire extinguisher
