Vmc demo flow
CRAAC
- Clearing turns
- Heading +/- 20
- Above 4000’
- 100 KIAS entry
- Flaps up gear up, mixtures rich, props forward, fuel pumps on
- Close left throttle maintaining heading and altitude
- Slow to 100 KIAS
- Increase right throttle to full power
- Use rudder to maintain directional control and up to 5 degree bank into operating engine
- Increase pitch and slow at 1 knot per sec until full rudder needed
- Recover at first sign of loss of directional control, first indication of stall
- Recover by reducing power on operating engine and decreasing angle of attack, then increasing power on operating engine while maintaining an AoA that allows airspeed to increase to a speed where directional control can be maintained with minimum loss of altitude
- Accelerate to 82-88 KIAS
- Bring throttles slowly together at 20” MP
- Cruise checklist
Steep turn flow
Above 3000’ AGL
120 KIAS
Cruise checklist
Then same as usual
Slow flight flow
CRAAC
- Clearing turns
- Reference point (heading +/- 10)
- Altitude above 4000’
- Airspeed - 60-65 KIAS
- Gear down before landing checklist + flaps 40
- Recover with max power, flaps 0
- Accelerate to 82, retract gear, accelerate to 88
- Cruise checklist
Power off stall flow
CRAAC
- Clearing turns
- Heading +/- 10
- Recover above 4000’
- Stabilized 400 FPM descent at 75 KIAS
- Gear down before landing checklist + flaps 40
- Power idle, increase pitch to ~12 degrees
- Recover at first indication - reduce AoA, max power, level wings
- Flaps 10
- Accelerate to 82, establish positive rate
- Flaps 0, gear up
- Accelerate to 88 KIAS
- Cruise checklist
Power on stall flow
CRAAC
- Clearing turns
- Heading +/- 10
- Recover no lower than 4000’
- 80 KIAS
- Takeoff configuration - gear down, flaps 0 OR
- Departure configuration - gear up, flaps 0
- Mixtures rich, props forward, fuel pumps on
- Increase pitch to ~15 degrees and power to 18” MP
- Recover at first indication - decrease AoA, max power, level wings
- Accelerate to 82 KIAS, establish positive rate
- Retract gear, accelerate to 88 KIAS
- Cruise checklist
Accelerated stall flow
CRAAC
- Clearing turns
- Recover no lower than 4000’
- 100 KIAS entry
- Flaps up, gear up
- Mixtures rich, props forward, fuel pumps on
- Power idle
- Establish a 45 degree coordinated turn
- Maintain altitude to induce stall
- Recover at first indication - decrease AoA, max power, level wings
- Cruise checklist
Emergency descent flow
- Throttles idle
- Props forward
- Mixtures adjust
- Gear down
- Accelerate to a max of 140 KIAS (120 for training)
- Cowl flaps as required
- Maintain 140 (120) KIAS
- Notify ATC ASAP
When recovering, verify at or below 109 KIAS before retracting gear (Vlo up).
Normal takeoff flow
- Position controls for wind taking the runway
- Throttles to full power smoothly
- Check engine gauges
- “Airspeed alive”
- Rotate at 75 KIAS
- Pitch for 88 KIAS
- Establish a positive rate of climb, “gear up” when no runway remains
- Pitch for 110 KIAS at 500’ AGL
- Reduce throttles to 24” MP, 2500 RPM at 1000’ AGL
- “After takeoff checklist” at 1000’ AGL
Short field takeoff flow
- Use all available runway
- Hold brakes and increase throttles to 2000 RPM
- Check engine gauges
- Full power
- Release brakes
- “Airspeed alive”
- Rotate at 70 KIAS
- Climb at 82 KIAS through obstacle height
- Establish a positive rate of climb, “gear up”
- Pitch for 88 KIAS
- Pitch for 110 KIAS at 500’ AGL
- Reduce power to 24” MP and 2500 RPM at 1000’ AGL
- “After takeoff checklist” out of 1000’ AGL
Normal approach and landing flow
- Slow to 100 KIAS prior to entering the traffic pattern (18” MP)
- “Gear down before landing checklist” when abeam the touchdown point
- Flaps 25
- Descend out of TPA at 88 KIAS
- “Blueline GUMP” on base leg or turning final
- “Gear down - stabilized” at 400’ AGL
- GCASH check at 300’ AGL
- “Stabilized - continuing or not stabilized - go around” at 200’ AGL
- Begin slowing to 80 KIAS
- Increase crosswind correction as airplane slows
Traffic pattern work flow
- After takeoff, climb at 88 KIAS
- Turn crosswind 300’ below TPA
- Reduce MP to 18” MP at 50-100’ below TPA
- “Pattern work after takeoff checklist” established on downwind
- Everything else the same after this as normal approach and landing
Short field approach and landing flow
Same as normal approach and landing, except:
- Flaps 40 on final
- Reduce airspeed to speed per landing distance over 50’ obstacle short field effort chart for actual weight (from POH)
- Close throttles slowly on flare, touch down with little to no floating
- Retract flaps immediately upon landing
- Announce “max braking” for training and checkride purposes
Precision approach with 1 or 2 engines flow
- Slow to 100 KIAS
- Set the published inbound course on the HSI
- Check for flags at glideslope intercept altitude and marker
- “Gear down before landing checklist” half dot below glideslope intercept
- Flaps 25
- Descend on glideslope at 88 KIAS
- “Blueline GUMP” at 1000’ AGL
- “Gear down - stabilized” at 400’ AGL
- “Approaching minimums” and “minimums”
- GCASH check and “stabilized - continuing” or “not stabilized - go around” at 200’ AGL
- Slow to 80 KIAS, touchdown approximately 75 KIAS
Non precision straight in approach with 1 or 2 engines flow
- Identify the navaid ASAP
- Slow to 100 KIAS
- Set the published inbound course on the HSI
- Check for flags, verify approach mode on GPS 2 miles prior to FAF
- “Gear down before landing checklist” just prior to FAF
- Flaps 0 (1 engine), flaps 25 (2 engines)
- At FAF, start time and descend at 600-800 FPM at 88 KIAS
- “Blueline GUMP” at 1000’ AGL
- “Approaching minimums” and “minimums”
- When descending below MDA, flaps 25 (1 engine)
- “Gear down - stabilized” at 400’ AGL
- GCASH and “stabilized - continuing” or “not stabilized - go around” at 200’ AGL
- Slow to 80 KIAS, touchdown at 75 KIAS
Circle to land approach (2 engines only)
- Identify the navaid ASAP
- Slow to 100 KIAS
- Set the published inbound course on the HSI
- Check for flags, verify approach mode on GPS 2 miles prior to FAF
- “Gear down before landing checklist” just prior to FAF
- Flaps 0
- At FAF, start time and descend at 600-800 FPM at 88-100 KIAS (Cat B minimums!)
- “Blueline GUMP” at 1000’ AGL
- “Approaching minimums” and “minimums”
- Maintain MDA +50/-0’ during circling
- Flaps 25 descending from MDA
- “Gear down - stabilized” at 400’ AGL
- GCASH and “Stabilized - continuing” or “not stabilized - go around” at 200’ AGL
- Slow to 80 KIAS, touchdown at 75 KIAS
