Fluid Therapy

Question 1

% of body weight thats water?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

ECF vol?

Answer 2

1/3 of TBW

Question 3

ICF vol?

Answer 3

2/3 of TBW

Question 4

ECF can be split into?

Answer 4

Interstitial - 3/4 ECF

plasma - 1/4 ECF

Question 5

6 needs for fluid therapy

Answer 5

• fluid loss
• fluid resuscitation
• inducing diuresis
• acid/base problems
• deliver agents
• parenteral nutrition

Question 6

Ways to lose fluid?

Answer 6

bleeding, vom, dia, pooling in 3rd space, not having access to water

Question 7

What is fluid resuscitation and when is it needed?

Answer 7

to re-expand intravascular volume

- from loss of vasomotor tone (vasodilation) - anaesthesia, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypovolaemia

Question 8

What is parenteral nutrition?

Answer 8

when cant provide enteral nutrition - mix of AA, conc dextrose, lipis

• can be total or partial

Question 9

How can fluids be defined?

Answer 9

tonicity , reason for them (replacement / maintenance), what they contain

Question 10

Two main different types of fluid?

Answer 10

Crystalloid - small paticals - electrolytes, glucose, buffers. can distribute rapidly among all fluid compartments

Colloid- contains larger particles so cant diffuse out, stay in vessels and increase COP so need smaller volume. Natural e.g is blood products

Question 11

Differences in tonicity of fluid

Answer 11

Isotonic

Hypotonic - dilutes blood - fluid into cells

Hypertonic - concentrates blood - fluid out of cells (decrease oedema)

Question 12

What section of fluid is lost with dehydration?

Answer 12

Interstitial (between 5-12%) Give fluid slowly over 24 - 48 hr so distributes

Question 13

What section of fluid is lost with hypovolaemia?

Answer 13

Plasma - give fluid bolus rapidly

Question 14

When giving fluids how do you calculate whats needed?

Answer 14

% lost
maintenance
ongoing losses

Question 15

if an animal is 10% dehydrated how much fluid do you need to give them?

Answer 15

10% x body weight

Question 16

What is calf maintenance vol?

Answer 16

100ml/kg/day

Question 17

If an animal is acidotic how do you calculate the sodium bicarbonate needed?

Answer 17

base defecit = 30% of body weight x base excess = mmol/l of isotonic saline

BE = value on blood pathology
30%of BW as body is about 60 % water and about half is ECF which is the only part affected by changes in pH