6 Elements of CFF
- Observer ID
- WARNO
- Location
- Description
- Method of engagement
- Method of fire and control
Three Transmissions in CFF
- Observer ID, WARNO
- Method of target ID
- Description, Method of engagement, method of fire and control
Observer ID/WARNO explained
- Who is calling
- Clears net
- Tells FDC the type of mission, Size of element, type of target location
Three types of target location
- Grid
- Polar
- Shift from known point
What is the most important element in CFF?
Target location
Target description explained
SNAP
Helps FDC identify the amount/type of ammo to be used
SNAP
- Size
- Nature/nomenclature
- Activity
- Protection
Method of engagement
How observer wants to attack the target
- Type of adjustment
- Trajectory
- Ammo
- Distribution
- Danger close
- Mark
Method of fire and control
WAT
Observer time/delivery of fire, wether he can observe targets
“WAT”
- when ready
- at my command
- Time on target
Message to observer
Sent from FDC to observer
- Unit firing
- Number of rounds
- Target number
- Change to method of engagement if applicable
What type of grid is normally sent from observer to FDC?
Six digit grid is the army standard
True or False: Observer location does NOT need to be known by the FDC for a grid mission
True
Polar explains
Target with respect to your location
- Observer location MUST be known
- Give grid prior to CFF (WARNO)
- Observer sends direction/Distance
How do you determine OT direction?
Nearest 10 mils
Ways to determine direction
- Estimate cardinal direction
- Scale from map
- Compass
- Measure from reference point
- Other devices
Ways to estimate OT distance
- Laser
- Flash-to-bang method
- Estimation
What is flash-to-bang method?
Elapsed time between impact/sound x350 (speed of sound in meters) = distance
What is the least preferred method of target location?
Shift from known point
What is the left/right shift?
Lateral shift
What is Add/drop shift?
Range shift
What is the quickest method to determine deviation?
Hand method
What is the adjustment point?
Point at which the observer wants the center of the rounds to impact. This is where the rounds will be most effective
What are the types of range corrections?
- Hasty bracketing
- Successive bracketing
- Creeping fires
- One round adjustments
How do you establish a bracket? (Rules)
Round impact from target Add/Drop
- more than 400m. + or - 800m
- 200-400m. + or - 400m
- 100-200m. + or - 100m
When do you use fire for effect?
100m bracket is split
