What is Task B?
The learning process
What is learning?
A change in behavior based on personal experience
What is Cognitive Theory?
Basis for the building block process
- Simple to Complex
- Known to Unknown
- Concrete to Abstract
- Most used to Least Used
Constructivism - Learners do not acquire skills and knowledge passively, but by building based on experience
What are some factors that affect perception?
G) Goals and Values - Every individual has different beliefs and values
S) Self Concept - Favorable self concept and image promotes receptiveness to new experiences
T) Time and Opportunity - length of experience impacts learning, plan a syllabus
E) Element of threat - Fear adversely affects learning, must teach to fit physiological needs
P) Physical Organism - How you sense the world
How do we learn/what contributes to learning?
P) Perceptions - the basis of all learning
I) Insights - grouping of perceptions into a meaningful whole
M) Motivation - positive motivation is good, negative motivation will slump learning
How do we acquire knowledge?
M) Memorization
U) Understanding
A) Application
What are the laws of learning?
R) Readiness - basic needs must be satisfied before they are ready to learn
E) Effect - learning is enhanced by positive experience and weakened by negative experience
E) Exercise - connections are strengthened with practice
P) Primacy - first learned is best learned
I) Intensity - immediate, exciting or dramatic learning connected to a real situation
R) Recency - things most recently learned are the best remembered, reinforce last lesson in current training
What are the domains of learning?
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotive
What are the stages to the cognitive domain?
R) Rote
U) Understanding
A) Application
C) Correlation
What are the stages to the affective domain?
A) Awareness
R) Response
V) Value
O) Organization
I) Integration
What are the stages to the psychomotor domain?
O) Observe
I) Imitate
P) Practice
H) Habit
What are the characteristics of learning?
P) Purposeful - students learn with a clear purpose or goal
R) Result of experience - learn through individual experience
A) Active Process - must actively respond and react
M) Multifaceted - verbal, conceptual, perceptual, motor skills, emotional
What are the stages we acquire skill knowledge?
C) Cognitive stage
A) Associative stage
A) Automatic Response stage
What are the types of practice?
Deliberate - specific areas of improvement within a maneuver
Blocked - same drill
Random - mixes up the skills to be acquired
What makes good scenario based training?
C) Clear - set of objectives
T) Tailored - to the needs of the student
T) Takes advantage of the environment
What are the reasons we forget?
F) Fading/Disuse
I) Interference
R) Retrieval failure
R) Repression
S) Suppression
What are some ways to reduce errors?
D) Develop routines
R) Raising awareness
C) Check for errors
U) Use Reminders
L) Learn and practice
T) Take your time
How can we increase the retention of learning?
P) Praise
F) Favorable attitude
A) Appeal to All senses
R) Recall
M) Meaningful Repetition
M) Mnemonics
Learning Theory
Behaviorism, cognitive theory, information processing theory, constructivism
Behaviorism
Measurable responses to stimuli
-Rewards and punishment
- scold bad landing, praise good landing
