Food

Question 1

Why does your body need to take in nutrients?

Answer 1

-they provide materials for growth and repair

-energy to keep cells alive

-vital elements and compounds to maintain the reactions in cells

Question 2

Which 2 types of nutrients are needed to build new cells?

Answer 2

fats and proteins

Question 3

what are the 2 nutrients that provide energy?

Answer 3

carbohydrates and fats

Question 4

which nutrients help maintain the chemical reactions in your cells?

Answer 4

vitamins and minerals

Question 5

What are proteins made of?

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

what are fats made of?

Answer 7

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Where are carbohydrates found?

Answer 8

in wheat, rice, beans, potatoes and bananas.

Question 9

What is the membrane of every cell made of?

Answer 9

fat

Question 10

What do nerves use extra fat as?

Answer 10

insulation

Question 11

Why do fats act as insulation?

Answer 11

to protect your vital organs such as your heart and they reduce heat lost through your skin

Question 12

Why do fat cells expand?

Answer 12

to store extra foods

Question 13

Why must vitamins in fruits be eaten regularly?

Answer 13

because they cannot be stored

Question 14

where are minerals found?

Answer 14

in your bones, teeth, all your cells and all your body fluids

Question 15

what do minerals do?

Answer 15

Some minerals provide strength and others help cells to function properly

Question 16

What does fibre do?

Answer 16

Fibre cannot be digested but helps your food to pass through the digestive system quicker, preventing constipation

Question 17

How many food groups are there? What are they?

Answer 17

there are 7 food groups:
Carbohydrates.
Proteins.
Fats.
Vitamins.
Minerals.
Fibre.
Water.

Question 18

What do carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide?

Answer 18

energy and raw materials for growth and tissue repair

Question 19

what does fibre do in the intestines?

Answer 19

it is not absorbed but exercises our intestines by peristalsis.

Question 20

What is peristalsis?

Answer 20

a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. It starts in the oesophagus where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle move balls of swallowed food to the stomach.

Question 21

what does water do?

Answer 21

prevents dehydration and it is needed to provide the body with making cytoplasm in your cells

Question 22

What do minerals and vitamins do?

Answer 22

they help to fight infection, wound healing, making our bones strong and regulating hormones

Question 23

How do you measure the energy in various kinds of foods?

Answer 23

We burn the food and use the heat to warm up water. The more energy the food releases, the more the water’s temperature will rise or increase.

Question 24

What are the 3 main types of fat?

Answer 24

Simple (Monosaccharides):
They provide energy by quick respiration.

Complex (Disaccharides):
Able to store energy temporarily then break down to release energy.

Polysaccharides
Able to store energy long-term as starch and used as raw materials for cell walls as cellulose.

Question 25

What is cellulose?

Answer 25

a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Cellulose is the main substance in the walls of plant cells, helping plants to remain stiff and upright. Humans cannot digest cellulose, but it is important in the diet as fibre.

Question 26

What is the starch test?

Answer 26

iodine solution no starch= stays orange/brown starch=blue/purple

Question 27

What is the test for protein?

Answer 27

biuret's solution no protein= blue protein=purple

Question 28

What is the test for glucose (sugar)?

Answer 28

benedicts solution no glucose= dark blue little bit of glucose=orange lots of glucose=green (needs heat)

Question 29

what is the test for fat (lipids)?

Answer 29

ethanol no fat=colourless fat=milky white (known as emulsion test)

Question 30

How many times must you measure the temperature of the water to work out which food has more energy? What will tell us which food has more energy?

Answer 30

We need to measure the temperature of the water twice. Once before and once after burning the food. The larger difference in temperature between before and after will allow us to see which food has more energy.

Question 31

how do we calculate the energy produced?

Answer 31

energy (joules) = mass of water (grams) x specific heat capacity of water x temperature increase (Celsius)

Question 32

How do we calculate the amount of energy in a given mass of food?

Answer 32

energy content (joules/g)= energy released as calculated before (J)/ mass of sample food */=divided or over*

Question 33

What does a balanced diet contain?

Answer 33

The right amounts of all nutrients your cells need to function properly. A balanced diet can be achieved by eating a wide variety of foods.

Question 34

What factors cause nutritional requirements to vary?

Answer 34

By country - if it’s cold or warm. By activity - if people get more or less exercise By gender - different for males and females By age - younger or older people.

Question 35

What are the two types of fat?

Answer 35

saturated fat and unsaturated fat

Question 36

What is saturated fat high in?

Answer 36

processed sugars

Question 37

What are the risks of eating too much saturated fat?

Answer 37

heart disease and high cholesterol

Question 38

What are the two types of fatty acids?

Answer 38

omega 3 and omega 6

Question 39

What is malnutrition?

Answer 39

lack of proper nutrition or eating too much where the energy is stored as fat which leads to diabetes or heart disease

Question 40

What causes tooth decay?

Answer 40

when sugar coats the tooth which leads to microbes and bacteria growing on the tooth

Question 41

What is another word for maltose?

Answer 41

sugar

Question 42

What is scurvy caused by?

Answer 42

lack of vitamin C

Question 43

What are symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 43

bleeding gums, swelling legs and victims had no energy at all.

Question 44

What was vitamin C destroyed by?

Answer 44

boiling

Question 45

What is beri-beri caused by?

Answer 45

lack of vitamin B1

Question 46

What were symptoms of beri-beri?

Answer 46

partial paralysis and mental confusion

Question 47

What was night blindness caused by?

Answer 47

lack of vitamin A

Question 48

What was rickets caused by?

Answer 48

lack of vitamin D (found in cod liver oil)

Question 49

How is vitamin D made?

Answer 49

When skin is exposed to sunlight

Question 50

What is Kwashiorkor caused by?

Answer 50

lack of protein

Question 51

What are symptoms of Kwashiorkor?

Answer 51

swollen belly, sparse hair and muscle shrinkage

Question 52

What can deficiency also be caused by?

Answer 52

lack of minerals

Question 53

What is anaemia caused by?

Answer 53

lack of iron

Question 54

What are symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 54

tiredness (because iron builds blood cells to carry oxygen for energy) and painful sores in their mouths as well as weak nails, chest pains, dizziness, headaches and leg cramps

Question 55

How can minerals and vitamins be harmful?

Answer 55

they can be harmful in large quantities

Question 56

How was beri-beri caused?

Answer 56

eating a diet consisting of a lot of white rice

Question 57

What are the symptoms of night blindness?

Answer 57

not being able to see at night

Question 58

What are the symptoms of rickets?

Answer 58

having bow shaped legs

Question 59

What is another source for having rickets?

Answer 59

lack of calcium

Question 60

Why do deficiency diseases occur?

Answer 60

when you don't get enough of an essential nutrient

Question 61

What is obesity?

Answer 61

when the body mass is above average

Question 62

What does having a high body mass cause?

Answer 62

diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure and cancer

Question 63

What is the meaning of fortified?

Answer 63

Food that has added vitamins and minerals to improve nutritional value

Question 64

Which vitamin is added to golden rice?

Answer 64

vitamin A

Question 65

What are amino acids?

Answer 65

Different compounds that combine to form proteins.

Question 66

What is fibre?

Answer 66

An essential part of the diet but it is not a nutrient. It is made up of large molecules (mostly plant cell walls) that your body cannot digest.

Question 67

What is malnutrition?

Answer 67

Lack of proper nutrition caused by an unbalanced diet.