What is the dictionary definition of “Disabled”?
Lacking in one or more physical powers such as the ability to walk or coordinate ones movements
What is the legal definition of “Disabled”?
The difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental.
A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities for more than 12 months
What are the 3 WHO classifications of disability?
- Body and Structure impairment
- Activity Limitation
- Participation Restriction
What is the definition of Body and Structure Impairment?
Abnormalities of structure, organ or system function (organ level)
What is the definition of Activity Limitation?
Changed functional performance and activity by the individual (personal level)
What is the definition of Participation Limitation?
Disadvantaged experienced by the individual because of impairments and disabilities
What are the 2 models of classification of disability?
- Medical
2. Social
What is contained within the medical model of classifying disability?
- Personal problem
2. Pathology
What is contained within the social model of classifying disability?
- Societal problem
- Limitations are only one of many factors
- Concerns about discrimination
What are the 2 health professional approaches doctors assess disability by? And what is included in them?
- Therapeutic - We change the nature of the disability (via treatment)
- Prosthetic - We change the environment (via OT, taxi card etc.)
What does the personal reaction to the disability depend on?
- The nature of the disability
.2 The information base of the individual i.e. education/ access to information - The personality of the individual
- The coping strategies of the individual
- The role of the individual- loss of role, change of role
- The mood and emotional reaction of the individual
- The reaction of others around them
- The support network of the individual
What are the 3 areas which are affected by a diagnosis of disability?
- Personal
- Economic
- Social
What are the 9 most common causes of disability worldwide?
- Congenital
- Injury
- Communicable disease
- Non-communicable disease
- Alcohol
- Drug - Iatrogenic / Illicit
- Tobacco
- Mental Illness
- Malnutrition
What are methods of prevention of disability?
- Primary prevention -
prevention of the cause of the disease (e.g. Genetic research) - Secondary prevention - intervention aimed at early detection and treatment of the disease
- Tertiary prevention - reduce the consequences of the disease (Therapeutic and prosthetic approaches)
- Primordial - address social / environmental circumstances that predispose you to the disease in society
What are the different screening criteria’s?
- Wilson’s Criteria
2. Jugner Criteria
What are the criteria’s made up of?
- Knowledge of the disease
- Knowledge of the test
- Treatment of the disease
- Cost considerations
What considerations for knowledge of the disease are made, for the screening criteria’s?
- The condition should be important
- There must be a recognizable latent / early symptomatic stage
- The natural course of the condition, including development from latent to declared disease, should be adequately understood.
What considerations for knowledge of the test are made, for the screening criteria’s?
- Suitable test or examination.
- Test acceptable to population.
- Case finding should be continuous (not just a ‘once and for all’ project).
What considerations for treatment of the disease are made, for the screening criteria’s?
- Accepted treatment for patients with recognized disease.
- Facilities for diagnosis and treatment available.
- Agreed policy concerning whom to treat as patients.
Why is cost consideration included in the screening criteria?
Costs of case finding (including diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed) economically balanced in relation to possible expenditures on medical care as a whole
