FOR STUDY

Question 1

asymmetric = excitatory = transporting WHAT

Answer 1

glutamate

Question 2

symmetric = inhibitory = transporting WHAT

Answer 2

GABA

Question 3

3 egs of excitatory receptors

Answer 3

NMDA, AMPA, mGlu

Question 4

2 egs of inhibitory receptors

Answer 4

GABA-A, GABA-B

Question 5

which molecules go in when neuron is depolarised?

Answer 5

Calcium, Sodium

Question 6

when you depolarise a neuron you ___ its membrane potential and it is ___ likely to fire

Answer 6

increase, more

Question 7

when you hyperpolarise a neuron you ___ its membrane potential and it is ___ likely to fire

Answer 7

decrease, less

Question 8

how is the fact that ionotropic receptors have rapid change in membrane potential good for things like learning and ___ conditioning? via ____ receptors, ____ synaptic connections

Answer 8

fear, allows real-time, rapid learning via NMDA receptors - strengthening synaptic connections

Question 9

metabotropic receptors activate ___ messenger systems and are ___ than ionotropic receptors

Answer 9

second, slower

Question 10

metabotropic receptors influence ___-term ___ changes in neurons

Answer 10

long, structural

Question 11

what do metapotropic receptors do to the fast responses of ionotropic receptors?

Answer 11

fine-tine and sustain, make learning more durable and flexible

Question 12

outline the process of a stimulatory GPCR (metabotropic receptor) activating adenylyl cyclase

Answer 12

alpha subunit in the g protein goes and binds to adenylyl cyclase, which opens sodium/calcium channels,

Question 13

what do inhibitory GPCRs do?

Answer 13

inhibit adenylyl cyclase, decrease plasticity and hyperpolarise cell

Question 14

the two kinds of ionotropic glutamate receptors are…

Answer 14

AMPA, NMDA

Question 15

AMPA receptors allow influx of ___ when opened, and are responsible for ___ postsynaptic potentials

Answer 15

sodium, excitatory

Question 16

NMDA receptors allow influx of ____ and ___ when opened, and what does calcium promote?

Answer 16

sodium, calcium, promotes neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity

Question 17

what do you need to open an NMDA receptor

Answer 17

glycine, glutamate, pop open the magnesium plug

Question 18

GABA-A is what kind of receptor

Answer 18

ionotropic

Question 19

MDMA (ecstasy) and SSRIs are ____, working by ____ reuptake of ____

Answer 19

AGONISTS, BLOCKING, SEROTONIN

Question 20

cocaine ___ activity of ____ transporter, and is a(n) ___

Answer 20

blocks, dopamine, agonist

Question 21

amphetamines can ___ dopamine transporters, meaning they cause its ___

Answer 21

reverse, release

Question 22

ketamine is a(n) _____, and ____ ____ receptors by resembling the ___ plug

Answer 22

antagonist, blocks, NMDA, magnesium

Question 23

what happens when adenylyl cyclase is bound to? (other than channel opening)

Answer 23

increased gene transcription, increased long-term potentiation, synaptic plasticity

Question 24

why is gene transcription important

Answer 24

long-term changes, foundation of strengthening/forming synaptic connection –> long-term memory