Communication is an important skill.
____% of an officer’s duties involve verbal skills.
Only ____% of contacts require physical force.
97% involve verbal skills;
3% require physical force
_____% of the time a message is received due to content ____% of the time a message is received due to voice.
____% of the time a message is received due to non-verbal (body language)
7%; 33%; 60%
Approximately _____% of the time a message is received and interpreted based on ____ something is said rather than _____ is said
93%; How; What
___________ - not paying attention to what is said; such as merely waiting for the opportunity to speak as soon as someone finishes talking.
Improper listening
Identify elements officer must recognize and control in every encounter.
- Problem: analyze, identify problem. Enables an officer to plan approach. Problems often change as confrontation progresses.
- Audience: everyone encountered, how audience is reacting, read and adapt tactics appropriately, if person has friend in audience you may try to enlist their help…ask them to help reason/persuade to follow orders.
- Constraints: determine if there are any obstacles to effective communication and try and eliminate them if possible. Ex: time, weather, location, external noise, officers own mood, person’s values and beliefs, person is deaf, mentally ill, intellectually challenged, intoxicated.
- Ethical Presence: an expression of self control. Use words to state purpose, not to express personal feelings. Maintain professional attitude. Anything perceived as hasty, irrational, or unfair, makes an officer seem unethical.
Can be used to redirect someone’s behavior using verbal persuasion.
L - _______
E - _______
A - _______
P - _______
S - _______
- Listen: sort the real problem from the symptoms of the problem. Determine priorities you must respond to. Determine context of the event.
- Empathize: understand the other person’s state of mind. See through the eyes of the other person.
- Ask: use questions to gain control by causing others to report to you. Questions to direct attention away from the problem. Buys time. Demonstrates concern.
- Paraphrase: repeat what you have learned in your own words. Forces other person to stop talking and listen. Helps to ensure that the officer understands situation.
- Summarize: allows the officer to conclude the situation. Officer provides the bottom line. State the resolution clearly.
Which type of verbal appeal is described: ___________
- Based upon position as a professional officer
- Assures other person
- Persuade others of your desire for a positive outcome
- This appeal is useful when dealing with people who are upset and highly emotional
Ethical appeal
Which type of verbal appeal is described: ___________
- Based on use of reasoning
- Appeal to common sense, good judgment, or community standards
- Show that solution is reasonable and most likely to produce results
- This appeal is valuable when dealing with people having a strong sense of right and wrong
Rational appeal
Which type of verbal appeal is described: ___________
- Based on an urgent need to change a particular circumstance
- Ignores long-term consequences
- It is a short-term solution
- Adapt yourself and persuade the other person that you are like them
- Based on the beliefs and value system of the person
Practical appeal
Which type of verbal appeal is described: ___________
- Based on addressing person’s needs and desires
- Set aside own personal values
- This type of appeal works well with headstrong people who insist on getting their own way
Personal appeal
A good principle to remember is:
when words and actions disagree, trust ________.
actions
Research has shown that domestic violence calls are the most dangerous for responding officers. The majority of calls could be categorized as “he said/she said.” One person’s saying this person hit them; the other person’s saying the opposite. You can’t assume that just because there’s a female, she’s the victim, although an overwhelming majority of victims are women. You’re trying to see: Do the dots connect? Do the stories line up?
The goal is to ____________________________. It’s a tough thing to weave your way through, while maintaining not only your safety but that of the victim.
Goal: is to protect the victim and hold the right person accountable
Criteria for assessing whether a person is acting professionally is the
Ability to know when to move from words to force. There is no clear-cut simple answer
As a professional, an officer’s use of force is:
- ____________________
- ____________________
- Selective (officer knows what kind of force and how much to use)
- Appropriate (used in a controlled and purposeful manner)
Definition: ___________
Force that is intended or known by the actor to cause, or in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.
Deadly Force
Definition: ___________
A wrongful act by one person that gives another person the right to sue him or her. The victim wants money, known in court as damages. WHen two parties in a civil case resolve a dispute prior to trial, it’s called a settlement. A negligent or intentional civil wrong not arising out of a contract or statute.
Tort
Definiton: _____________
- Strength or energy brought to bear, cause of motion or change, active power; moral or mental strength; capacity to persuade or convince.
- Violence, compulsion, or constraint exerted upon person or thing.
- The quality of conveying impressions intensely in writing or speech.
Black’s Law Dictionary Definition of the NOUN “force”:
Definiton: ________________
- To do violence to.
- To compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means.
- To make or cause through natural or logical necessity.
- To achieve or win by strength in struggle or violence.
- An aggressive act committed by any person which does not amount to assault, and is necessary to accomplish an objective.
- Synonyms - compel, coerce, constrain, oblige.
Black’s Law Dictionary
Definition of the VERB “force”:
Definition: ____________
the amount of lawful physical coercion sufficient to achieve a legitimate law enforcement objective and is objectively reasonable under the facts, circumstances and alternatives confronting an officer at the time action are taken.
“Reasonable or Necessary Force”
True or False:
if someone trespasses on your property, you may display your firearm to create apprehension that you will use deadly force if necessary. You will not be legally justified in discharging the firearm, but you will be legally justified in displaying it to “create apprehension” under the law. Only if the trespasser is committing other acts where the law states that you are justified in using deadly force would you be allowed to discharge your firearm legally. PC 9.04
True
If you recklessly injure a 3rd party when using justified deadly force against another. Are you criminally responsible?
Yes, If you recklessly injure/kill a 3rd party you are criminally responsible.
A peace officer, or a person acting in a peace officer’s presence and at his direction, is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is ______ ______ to make or assist in making an arrest or search, or to prevent or assist in preventing escape after arrest, if:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the arrest or search is lawful or, if the arrest or search is made under a warrant, he reasonably believes the warrant is valid; and
(2) before using force, the actor manifests his purpose to arrest or search and ______________ or __________________, unless he reasonably believes his purpose and identity are already known by or cannot reasonably be made known to the person to be arrested.
immediately necessary;
identifies himself as a peace officer;
as one acting at a peace officer’s direction
PC 9.51
A peace officer is justified in using deadly force against another when and to the degree the peace officer reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary to make an arrest, or to prevent escape after arrest, if the use of force would have been justified under Subsection (a) and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the conduct for which arrest is authorized included the use or attempted use of deadly force; or
(2) the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause _____or ______ to the actor or another if the arrest is delayed.
death; or Serious bodily injury
PC 9.51
A person other than a peace officer acting in a peace officer’s presence and at his direction is justified in using deadly force against another when and to the degree the person reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary to make a lawful arrest, or to prevent escape after a lawful arrest, if the use of force would have been justified under Subsection (b) and:
(1) the actor reasonably believes the felony or offense against the public peace for which arrest is authorized included the use or attempted use of deadly force; or
(2) the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury to another if the __________.
arrest is delayed
True or False:
The use of deadly force is not justified under this section unless the actor reasonably believes the deadly force is specifically required by statute or unless it occurs in the lawful conduct of war. If deadly force is so justified, there is a duty to retreat before using it.
False: There is no duty to retreat before using deadly force.
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Penal Code Offenses119
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Force Options33
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Missing & Exploited Children8
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De-escalation5
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Constitution28
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Fitness and Wellness39
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CCP25
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Multiculturisim23
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Asset Forfeiture12
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Arrest Search and Seizure5
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Family Violence6
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Traffic Direction24
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Transportation Code - Definitions131
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Penalities for Transportation code86
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TC Tuesday flashcards73
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TC offenses78
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Traffic Code Important Numbers185
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Intoxicated Driver41
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Crash Investigations53
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Verbal Communications45
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Traumatic Brain Injury16
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CIT119
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SFST's Certification49
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Written Communications54
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Civil Process23
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Arrest Mechanics60
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Case Law34
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Criminal Investigations48
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Health and Safety Code25
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Radio Communication32
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TABC - Alcohol and Beverage Code42
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Hazmat42
